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PubMed2001

Developing an information pack for the Asian carers of people with autism spectrum disorders.

An investigation is described which forms the basis for the development of an information package for the Asian carers of people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and learning disabilities. The results of semi-structured interviews and planning for questionnaires with three different linguistic Asian groups (Urdu, Gujarati and Bengali) are presented. The views, attitudes and awareness of autism, knowledge of support services and perceived priority of needs are analysed for the three different communities. The investigation concludes with recommendations as to whether separate information is needed by each culture or whether a single information pack can be used and presented in each language format. The possible presentation format in which the information can be produced is also discussed.

Asia↗
PubMed1975

[Written information as a basis for the individual instructive talk before standard operations of the ENT (author's transl)].

Before any operation the patient is to be informed by his doctor thoroughly of the calculated risk between illness and operation so that he will be able to choose between the different methods of treatment. The information should not frighten the patient, but--on the other hand--should not diminish the realities of the situation. The patient's consent to the operation is only legal under the above mentioned conditions. Information-sheets have been presented to the patients before standard-operations of the ENT and have been in practice for 6 years. These sheets have been found helpful, as they are a basic source of information for the patient and a first step before a more thorough talk with his doctor which is then more informative and precise than it would be without the information recieved before hand.

Broadsides as Topic↗
PubMed1987

An analysis of the severity and incident duration of truck-involved freeway accidents.

Data associated with over 9000 accidents involving large trucks and combination vehicles during a two-year period on freeways in the greater Los Angeles area are analyzed relative to collision factors, accident severity, and incident duration and lane closures. Relationships between type of collision and accident characteristics are explored using log-linear models. The results point to significant differences in several immediate consequences of truck-related freeway accidents according to collision type. These differences are associated both with the severity of the accident, in terms of injuries and fatalities, as well as with the impact of the accident on system performance, in terms of incident duration and lane closures. Hit-object and broadside collisions were the most severe types in terms of fatalities and injuries, respectively, and single-vehicle accidents are relatively more severe than two-vehicle accidents. The durations of accident incidents were found to be log-normally distributed for homogeneous groups of truck accidents, categorized according to type of collision and, in some instances, severity. The longest durations are typically associated with overturns.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1991

[Recent evaluation of a Candida hemagglutination test].

The production of the Candida hemagglutination test Roche (C-HAT Roche) has been discontinued by the producer late in 1990. This deficiency is covered by the newly developed Candida hemagglutination test LD (C-HAT LD) (producer: Labordiagnostika Heiden/Westfalen). The test is performed on microtiter plates (V-shape, broadside). The necessary volume of probands' sera is 25 microliters. The range of the antibody titers to be determined ranks from 1:10 until 1:2500. In the evaluation of the C-HAT LD with reference sera compared with the C-HAT Roche the following results were obtained: The antibody titers determined by C-HAT LD differ at maximum by one titer step from those obtained by the C-HAT Roche and are, therefore, comparable. In the C-HAT LD the probands' sera are not preabsorbed with unloaded sheep erythrocytes in order to eliminate unspecific agglutinins. The hitherto existing experience shows that the proportion of probands' sera containing unspecific agglutinins is as low as 2.5%. The repetition of the C-HAT LD with such sera after preabsorption is, therefore, much more economical than generally preabsorbing all probands' sera. In 18% of all tests a prozone phenomenon is observed with the C-HAT LD. In the majority of these sera the titer steps 1:10 and 1:20 show negative reactions. The determination of the antibody titer, however, is not influenced by the prozone phenomenon. Preabsorption of probands' sera eliminates the prozone phenomenon. The C-HAT LD, therefore, replaces the C-HAT Roche completely in all parameters and is technically easier.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A MADYMO model of near-side human occupants in side impacts.

The protection of automotive occupants against broadside collisions is of current interest due to the implementation of a new Federal standard on side impact. There is controversy as to the validity of the standard, the best criterion to assess injury to the thorax and the type and manner in which padding should be used. Although it has been shown in a series of 17 cadaveric tests that paper honeycomb can reduce thoracic injuries dramatically, there are still concerns regarding the loss of air space between the door and the occupant due to the presence of the padding and regarding the loss of protection for the thorax when there is no engagement of the shoulder with the intruding side structure of the car. This paper describes the development of a three-dimensional rigid body model to simulate cadaveric experiments carried out at Wayne State University. Model parameters were chosen to yield human-like responses at the level of the shoulder, thorax, abdomen and pelvis. The model was then used to study the effect of padding on injury parameters related to the nearside occupant when a relatively thick padding is used (up to 100 mm). It was also used to study the increase in force on the thorax when shoulder engagement is lost. Laboratory tests were conducted with full shoulder engagement but in the field most cars have a low beltline (window sill) which effectively eliminates shoulder contact if the arms are outstretched in a normal driving posture. If a sufficiently soft padding was used, the model did not predict an increase in thoracic force level or any of the injury parameters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acceleration↗