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Results for “Behavior, Addictive”

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PubMed2004

Dispositional correlates of addictive behaviors in college women: binge eating and heavy drinking.

Binge eating and alcohol abuse are often conceptualized as addictive behaviors. As these behaviors are relatively common among undergraduate college women, we examined whether common dispositional variables underlie their occurrence. Three hundred and thirty-five undergraduate women completed self-report questionnaires about their eating and alcohol use habits as well as dispositional measures of impulsivity, tolerance of deviance, self-esteem, rejection sensitivity, extraversion-introversion, conscientiousness, and emotional stability. Multiple regression analyses showed that women who either binge eat or abuse alcohol, but not both, have similar dispositional characteristics. Both groups exhibited a high degree of impulsivity and endorsed socially deviant attitudes; thus, both groups could be viewed as "externalizers." In contrast, women who admitted to both addictive behaviors, i.e., binge eating as well as alcohol abuse, were not particularly impulsive or socially deviant, but manifested a high degree of emotional instability ("neuroticism"); thus, these women might be considered "internalizers." The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Validation of a school children addictive behaviors questionnaire].

UNLABELLED: The aim was to develop and validate an addictive behaviors screening tool in school children. METHODOLOGY: A cross sectional study including a self administrated 223 item questionnaire developed in Arabic language. The questionnaire included identification of the student and seven life domains: school, family, addiction, relationships with peers, leisure and well being, risky behaviors and personality traits. N=854 high school children. of Monastir City. RESULTS: the questionnaire Alpha Cronbach's Coefficient ranged between 0.3 and 0.8. Only items with a coefficient higher than 0.6 were maintained in the final version. The time reliability by using the Bland and Altman method 15 days after the first measure showed a Pearson's coefficient of 0.81. Validity evaluated by principal components analysis led to 3 independent factors consisting respectively in 20, 4 and 3 well correlated items: family, school and risky behaviors. CONCLUSION: validated version of the questionnaire consisted in 102 items, easy to read and understand. This version doesn't require much time to be filled in and takes into consideration cultural particularities of the school children of Monastir. It could be considered as an interesting tool for both the assessment and the prevention of addictive behaviors in school.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Doping: health risks and relation to addictive behaviors].

UNLABELLED: The paper presents the health hazards of the major doping substances and raises some questions about the relationship between doping and addictive behavior. AIMS: Current definitions of doping and addictive behavior are examined. The paper's goal is: 1- to assess the risks of neurotoxicity and overall toxicity of doping substances: stimulants, narcotics (seldom used as doping substances), and hormones, and assess their addictive potential; 2- to present available data on drug-dependent patients with a record of early prolonged and intensive physical activity or athletic practice. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Some doping substances present high risks for health at large doses, but usually low addictive potential and neurotoxicity. Dependency on doping substances and drift towards dependency to addictive drugs, if any, are therefore determined by genetic and environmental factors. A significant susceptibility to drug dependence has been observed in some cases of very intensive and competitive practice. Over-representation of intensive and competitive athletic antecedents among some drug-dependent patients could be accounted for in either of two ways. On the first account, the causal factor is a sensation-seeking character trait, with a likely genetic component, which predisposes the individual to the use of drugs or doping substances, as the opportunities arise. On the second account, the sudden interruption of intensive practice, and of the associated organic stress and hypersensitization of the hedonic pathway, creates a weaning syndrome and leads to the search for relief through drugs. Further exploration of this hypothesis is called for.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed1992

[Severe personality disorders associated with addictive behavior].

After demonstrating the failure of a one dimensional approach to treating addictive behavior coupled with severe personality disorders, the authors suggest an organization of services based on the systemic approach. They recommend a personalized program with both external and internal services. With this in mind, the authors present a program developed by professionals involved in the fields of mental health and addictive behavior. Co-ordinated by a multidisciplinary team, it requires a specific contribution from all members of the team who are involved in different aspects of the person's life. To locate potential users of the program, brochures are sent to CLSCs (community health centres), hospitals, public and private resources, AIDS programs, social workers, and community health workers. Once in treatment, the patient goes through various treatment zones. The first, labelled the reception zone is designated with the initial contact between client and the program. In many instances, a significant other who is close to the client is contacted to take part in the program and help. In the zone of clarification, the client must come to terms with the program and indicate a serious determination to see the program through. The development zone centers on an active reflection of self and the development of new abilities for interpersonal relations, assisting the individual to function autonomously. The goal is for clients to attain a level of self-criticism of their own addiction. The zone of consolidation is optimally reached after about one year in the program. Clients are able to integrate everything learned in the development zone and apply it to their daily life. Community organizations are involved at this stage. The authors conclude that a multidimensional approach, a concerted commitment and a recognition of the contribution of all team members involved in the treatment, are essential elements for tangible results.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Resolving problems associated with alcohol and drug misuse: understanding relations between addictive behavior change and the use of services.

"Natural resolutions" highlight how influences on addictive behavior change may differ from and interact with influences on the use of substance-related services. These distinct literatures are summarized and implicate extra-therapeutic environmental variables in both processes. Whether assisted by interventions or not, stable resolutions are surrounded by environmental contexts characterized by improved circumstances across several years that bracket cessation of substance misuse. Psychosocial problems associated with substance use increase help-seeking, and interventions enhance improvements that typically follow initial resolution. Implications for promoting help-seeking and behavior change and necessary revisions in conventional views about relations between the processes are discussed.

Behavior, Addictive↗
PubMed2006

The addiction behaviors checklist: validation of a new clinician-based measure of inappropriate opioid use in chronic pain.

This study introduces the Addiction Behaviors Checklist (ABC), which is a brief (20-item) instrument designed to track behaviors characteristic of addiction related to prescription opioid medications in chronic pain populations. Items are focused on observable behaviors noted both during and between clinic visits. One hundred thirty-six consecutive veterans in a multidisciplinary Veterans Affairs Chronic Pain Clinic who were receiving long-term opioid medication treatment were included in this study. This study represents one of the first to follow a sample of chronic pain patients on opioid therapy over time, using a structured assessment tool to evaluate and track behaviors suggestive of addiction. Interrater reliability and concurrent validity data are presented, as well as a cut-off score for use in determining inappropriate medication use. The psychometric findings support the ABC as a viable assessment tool that can increase a provider's confidence in determinations of appropriate vs. inappropriate opioid use.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Relapse in the addictive behaviors: integration and future directions.

This paper identifies the major consistencies in substantive and methodological findings across the review papers in this special issue on relapse in the addictive behaviors. The papers were consistent in suggesting that there have been major methodological advances which have helped to move the field forward. Furthermore, the papers show the need for taking a biopsychosocial approach to the study of relapse and the major difficulty across addictive behaviors in creating an acceptable operational definition of relapse. Suggestions for future research directions that follow from the papers include deriving and evaluating relapse definitions, systematically developing and testing models and theories of relapse, and understanding and narrowing the relapse research-clinical practice gap.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1998

Why do people change addictive behavior? The 1996 H. David Archibald Lecture.

Although there are specialty journals and professions focusing on addictions treatment, the reasons why people change addictive behaviors are still not well understood. The simplistic account that people change because they receive treatment is wanting in many ways. Many people who recover do so without formal treatment. Even relatively brief interventions seem to trigger change, and the dose of treatment delivered is surprisingly unrelated to outcomes. Client compliance with many different approaches, including placebo medication, has been linked to better outcomes. Client outcomes also vary widely depending upon the therapist who delivers treatment. Various models are briefly considered that may help in understanding this intriguing puzzle of change.

Behavior, Addictive↗
PubMed2003

Increasing the efficacy of cue exposure treatment in preventing relapse of addictive behavior.

Theoretically, cue exposure treatment should be able to prevent relapse by extinguishing conditioned drug responding (e.g. cue-elicited craving). According to contemporary learning theory, though, extinction does not eliminate conditioned responding. Analogous cue exposure with response prevention (CERP) as a treatment of addictive behavior might not eliminate the learned relation between drug-related cues and drug use. This does not necessarily mean that cue exposure cannot successfully prevent relapse. Various suggestions for increasing the efficacy of cue exposure treatment are being discussed from a contemporary learning theory perspective. It is suggested that cue exposure treatment incorporating retrieval cues can be a beneficial treatment in preventing relapse of addictive behavior.

Behavior, Addictive↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Addicted-Self Model of addictive behavior cessation: does it predict recovery for gender, ethnic, age and drug preference populations?

Although previous research provided empirical support for the main assumptions of the Addicted-Self (A-S) Model of recovery, it is not known whether the model predicts recovery for various gender, ethnic, age, and drug preference populations. It may be that the model predicts recovery only for some groups of addicts and should not be viewed as a general theory of the recovery process. Addressing this concern using data from the Los Angeles Target Cities Drug Treatment Enhancement Project, it was determined that only trivial population differences exist in the primary variables associated with the A-S Model. The A-S Model predicts abstinence with about the same degree of accuracy and parsimony for all populations. The findings indicate that the A-S Model is a general theory of drug and alcohol addictive behavior cessation.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Addictive behaviors: relationship factors and their perceived influence on change.

An empirical study of a British clinical population is reported, in which the influence of relationships on confidence in maintaining change across a number of addictive behaviors was investigated. The hypothesis was that the perceived quality of relationships would be correlated with a client's confidence in sustaining abstinence or change. It was also thought that qualitative data would help clarify some of the underlying processes mediating such a link if it were established. The results largely supported the predictions, although relationship difficulties were significantly more common in gamblers and alcoholics compared with smokers and overeaters. The discussion develops the view that the notion of emotional disclosure and system theory's emphasis on circular causality are particularly useful concepts in making sense of the data.

Alcoholism↗