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PubMed2005

Proteomic detection of changes in protein synthesis induced by lanthanum in BGC-823 human gastric cancer cells.

There is increasing interest in the use of rare earth elements in medicine. However, the biological mechanism of action of this metal ion remains unclear. In the present study, changes in protein synthesis induced by lanthanum in BGC-823 human gastric cancer cells were investigated. The proteins were separated using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and four proteins were significantly affected by lanthanum treatment when compared to an untreated control. Among them, one was down-regulated and three were up-regulated. Of these, three were successfully identified as RHOJ, CSP6 and MPI2 with peptide mass fingerprinting using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS) after in-gel trypsin digestion. Among them, RHOJ was down-regulated and CSP6 and MPI2 were up-regulated. The three proteins are involved in various cellular functions, which are correlated with the regulation of cell morphology, gene transcription and cell cycle, respectively. It is suggested that the possible involvement of rare earth elements in the growth arrest of tumor cells is significantly associated with the differential protein expression induced by rare earth ions.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed2005

Regional assessment of the response of the acid-base status of lake watersheds in the Adirondack region of New York to changes in atmospheric deposition using PnET-BGC.

Understanding the response of soil and surface waters to changes in atmospheric deposition is critical for guiding future legislation on air pollution. The Adirondack region of New York experiences among the most severe ecological impacts from acidic deposition. The region is characterized by considerable variability in atmospheric deposition, surficial and bedrock geology, hydrologic flow paths, and vegetation resulting in variability in effects of acidic deposition. In this study, an integrated biogeochemical model (PnET-BGC) was applied to 37 forest lake watersheds to assess the response of soil and surface waters of the Adirondacks to changes in atmospheric deposition at a regional scale. Model-simulated surface water chemistry was validated against data from two synoptic surveys conducted in 1984 and 2001. Results indicate that the model is able to capture the observed changes in surface water chemistry during this period. The model was further used to forecast the response of soil and surface waters to three future emission control scenarios. Results indicate that under the Clean Air Act, surface water SO4(2-) concentrations will continue to decrease at a median rate of -0.38 microeq/L-yr, and surface water ANC is predicted to increase at a median rate of 0.11 microeq/L-yr. More aggressive emission reductions will accelerate the rate of recovery. Under an aggressive control scenario, which represents an additional 75% reduction in SO2 emissions beyond the implementation of the Clean Air Act, surface water SO4(2-) concentrations are predicted to decrease at a median rate of -0.88 microeq/L-yr, and surface water ANC is predicted to increase at a median rate of 0.43 microeq/L-yr. Model predictions of several biologically relevant chemical indicators are also reported.

Acid Rain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

FOREST-BGC, A general model of forest ecosystem processes for regional applications. II. Dynamic carbon allocation and nitrogen budgets.

A new version of the ecosystem process model FOREST-BGC is presented that uses stand water and nitrogen limitations to alter the leaf/root/stem carbon allocation fraction dynamically at each annual iteration. Water deficit is defined by integrating a daily soil water deficit fraction annually. Current nitrogen limitation is defined relative to a hypothetical optimum foliar N pool, computed as maximum leaf area index multiplied by maximum leaf nitrogen concentration. Decreasing availability of water or nitrogen, or both, reduces the leaf/root carbon partitioning ratio. Leaf and root N concentrations, and maximum leaf photosynthetic capacity are also redefined annually as functions of nitrogen availability. Test simulations for hypothetical coniferous forests were performed for Madison, WI and Missoula, MT, and showed simulated leaf area index ranging from 4.5 for a control stand at Missoula, to 11 for a fertilized stand at Madison, with Year 50 stem carbon biomasses of 31 and 128 Mg ha(-1), respectively. Total nitrogen incorporated into new tissue ranged from 34 kg ha(-1) year(-1) for the unfertilized Missoula stand, to 109 kg ha(-1) year(-1) for the fertilized Madison stand. The model successfully showed dynamic annual carbon partitioning controlled by water and nitrogen limitations.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

[The relationship between metastatic phenotype and steady expression of BGC-Ha-ras oncogene from metastasis cell lines in nude mice (abstract)].

NIH/3T3 cells transformed by activated BGC-Ha-ras (6.6 kb) with a point mutation at codon 12 were able to induce tumor in nude mice with lung metastasis. The metastatic phenotype seemed stable in vivo metastasis assay. After two round subculture of the successively induced metastasis foci, two cell lines, GCM-1/3T3 and GCM-2/3T3, were established. In Southern blot analysis it was found that the bands from GCM-1/3T3 and GCM-2/3T3 were the same. Based on Southern analysis and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RPLF), it was proved that the activated c-Ha-ras (6.6 kb) existed all along in the genomes of the transformed and metastatic culture cells. Amplification and over-expression of activated c-Ha-ras were shown by DNA and RNA dot blot hybridization in transformed and metastatic culture cells. The metastatic phenotype might be related to the existence and steady expression of the point mutated ras.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[The cytochemical observation of inosine effect on glucose metabolism of BGC-823 human gastric carcinoma cell line].

The activity of intracellular lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) and succinic acid dehydrogenase (SDH) was studied by cytochemistry in BGC-823 gastric carcinoma cell line treated with inosine. Cytoplasmic granules of LDH were found decreased or completely disappeared, while little change of SDH was observed. The tumor cells were decreased in number and became atrophic, especially when the cells were treated with high concentrations of inosine. The results suggest that inosine can play a role in suppressing the activity of intracellular LDH, thus blocking the major source of energy supply of cancer cells.

Energy Metabolism↗
PubMed1996

[Update on the BGC vaccine. Indications for use in Europe and in developing countries].

BCG vaccination is one of the tuberculosis control means. Since 1921, more than 3 thousand millions doses of BCG vaccine have been administered in 172 countries in the world. Vaccine, technical and side effects are today well known but we do not know nearly anything about the ideal age for initial vaccination and about the need, or not, of repeated vaccinations. Especially, its effectiveness is debated. Recent meta-analysises conclude to the protecting effectiveness of BCG in countries with a high annual risk of infection. The main rates of protection, from 60 to 90%, are obtained against tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis. So, the BCG vaccine is indicated in developing countries where the prevalence rate of tuberculosis is high. Administered in the first days of life, with a strict observance of the rules of preparation, of administration and of the conservation of the vaccine, this vaccination is the best prophylaxis of severe and disabled forms of tuberculosis. In these countries, the monitoring of the vaccine effectiveness by tuberculin skin tests and repeated BCG vaccinations do not seem to be useful. Spared money could be allowed to the screening and the treatment of cases.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

In vitro development of bovine embryos in conditioned media from bovine granulosa cells and vero cells cultured in exogenous protein- and amino acid-free chemically defined human tubal fluid medium.

We have investigated the effect of protein- and amino acid-free simple human tubal fluid (HTF) medium conditioned with bovine granulosa cells (BGC) or Vero cells on the development of early bovine embryos to the blastocyst stage. Serum-containing medium (SCM) and serum-free medium (CM) conditioned by BGC (BGC-SCM, BGC-CM) and by Vero cells (VC-SCM, VC-CM) were prepared. Early embryos (1-cell stage and 5- to 8-cell stage) were obtained by in vitro maturation and fertilization of oocytes from slaughtered cows. Embryos were randomly divided into 7 culture groups as follows: culture with BGC-SCM, BGC-CM, VC-SCM, or VC-CM; coculture with BGC or Vero cells; or culture with fresh HTF medium without serum. The proportion of 5- to 8-cell embryos developing to the blastocyst stage in BGC-CM (16%) and VC-CM (12%) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in BGC-SCM (41%) and in VC-SCM (29%) and after coculture with BGC (48%) and Vero cells (30%). Similarly, the percentages of 1-cell embryos developing to blastocyst in BGC-CM and VC-CM were significantly lower than in BGC-SCM and VC-SCM and after coculture. Cell numbers per blastocyst developed from 5- to 8-cell embryos in BGC-CM (96.8 cells) and in VC-CM (94.0 cells) were somewhat lower than those in BGC-SCM (128.5 cells) and VC-SCM (117.1 cells) and after coculture with BGC (124.2 cells) and Vero cells (115.3 cells). These results suggest that BGC and Vero cells cultured in a protein- and amino acid-free simple HTF medium synthesize and secrete factor(s) promoting blastocyst formation in vitro. Physiochemical analysis indicated that the embryotrophic substances in BGC-CM were distributed in two molecular size ranges, one between 10 kDa and 30 kDa and another greater than 30 kDa.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1995

Comparative studies between freshly isolated and spontaneously immortalized bovine granulosa cells: protein secretion, steroid metabolism, and responsiveness to growth factors.

A bovine granulosa cell line (BGC-1) has been obtained by spontaneous immortalization of primary cultures. BGC-1 cells have retained some characteristics of primary cultures, such as the hormonal regulation of fibronectin biosynthesis. In the present study we have compared BGC-1 cells and primary cultures of bovine granulosa cells in terms of protein secretion, steroid metabolism, and mitogenic responses to growth factors. The pattern of protein secretion in BGC-1 cells was qualitatively similar to that of primary cultures. The main differences were a higher proportion of fibronectin and the relative amounts of several other unidentified proteins. Progesterone levels in BGC-1 cultures were undetectable. When BGC-1 cells and primary cultures were incubated with [3H]-pregnenolone, the former showed a lower conversion rate to progesterone. In contrast, the conversion rate of [3H]-progesterone to 5 alpha-reduced metabolites was markedly increased in BGC-1 cells. We also examined the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) on DNA synthesis under serum-free conditions. Both primary cultures and BGC-1 cells exhibited a stimulatory response to EGF and IGF-I on [3H]-thymidine incorporation. Neither BGC-1 cells nor primary cultures showed a significant response to TGF-beta when added alone. However, in the presence of a combination of EGF and IGF-I, TGF-beta displayed an inhibitory effect on primary cultures while it stimulated DNA synthesis in BGC-1 cells even further. The addition of conditioned medium from BGC-1 cells (BGC-1-CM) stimulated DNA synthesis on primary cultures to a greater extent than the addition of conditioned medium from primary cultures. These results suggest that BGC-1 cells may be a useful model to study the regulation of granulosa cell function during the period previous to the preovulatory stage of follicular development. The differential responses of the immortalized cells to growth regulators may offer some clues on the mechanisms that control cell proliferation in normal tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Effectiveness of beta-glucan collagen for treatment of partial-thickness burns in children.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Beta glucan collagen matrix (BGC), which combines the carbohydrate beta-glucan with collagen, has been used as a temporary coverage for adult partial thickness burns with reported good results. Observed advantages of BGC coverage include reduction of pain, improved healing, and better scar appearance. Potentially even more important in children is the elimination of painful daily dressing changes to the burned epithelial surface, as well as decreased fluid loss. This report details the authors' 2-year experience with BGC in a pediatric burn center. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 225 consecutive pediatric patients treated at our institution between 1997 and 1999 identified 43 patients (19%) with suspected partial thickness burns treated with BGC as the primary wound dressing. BGC was applied to a debrided burn wound and secured with steri-strips, kerlix, and an ace wrap. After 24 hours, adherence of the BGC was confirmed and then left open to air. RESULTS: The most common cause of burn injury was scald (61%), followed by flame (37%), and contact (2%). The average age of patients was 5.5 years (range, 6 weeks to 16 years) and mean percent total body surface area burned was 9.3% (1% to 35%). Thirty-four patients (79%) had the BGC remain intact while the wound healed underneath, with excellent cosmetic results, minimal analgesic requirements, and no need for repetitive dressing changes. Nine patients (21%) had the BGC removed before wound healing: 6 patients lost the BGC because of progression of the burn to full thickness, 2 had BGC nonadherence over a joint, and 1 had an unexplained nonadherence. CONCLUSIONS: Partial-thickness burns in children can be effectively treated with BGC with good results, even in infants and toddlers. BGC markedly simplifies wound care for the patient and family and seems to significantly decrease postinjury pain.

Bandages↗
PubMed1992

Development of early bovine embryos to the blastocyst stage in serum-free conditioned medium from bovine granulosa cells.

Bovine granulosa cell-conditioned medium (BGC-CM) was prepared in a serum-free medium consisting of TCM 199, 5 micrograms/ml insulin, and 0.5 micrograms/ml aprotinin (TCM 199 IAP). Granulosa cells surrounded with embryos were denuded 24 to 30 h after in vitro fertilization. The proportion of denuded granulosa cell-free embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage in BGC-CM (43/219; 20%) as well as in the co-culture system (43/178; 24%) was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) than in fresh TCM 199 IAP medium (FM: 10/191; 5%), whereas the proportion of embryos that developed to the eight-cell stage was similar (P greater than 0.05) in all three culture systems (95/178; 53% in co-culture, 111/219; 51% in BGC-CM, and 86/191; 45% in FM, respectively). Higher rates of hatching and hatched blastocysts 8.5 days after in vitro fertilization were observed in co-culture (13/44; 29.5%) and in conditioned medium (8/39; 20.5%). On the other hand, no hatching or hatched blastocysts were obtained in the fresh medium (0/7; 0%). Cell numbers per blastocyst in BGC-CM (178.3 cells/blastocyst) were approximately two-fold higher than those in FM (97.1 cells/blastocyst). However, higher cell numbers (249.3 cells/blastocyst) were observed in co-culture with BGC than in BGC-CM. The embryotrophic activity in BGC-CM was stable upon freezing and thawing, lyophilization, and heating at 56 degrees C whereas activity was reduced by dilution in fresh medium, dialysis, pronase digestion, and heating at 80 degrees C. These results suggest that BGC cultured in a serum-free medium can synthesize and secrete an embryotrophic factor(s) that supports blastocyst formation in vitro beyond the 8- to 16-cell stage.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Schizophrenia and familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (FIBGC) is generally associated with neurological and psychiatric symptoms. An association between FIBGC and schizophrenia has been described but it remains uncertain. We studied the relationship between the presence and extent of basal ganglia calcification and schizophrenia in a multiply affected family. METHOD: Symmetrical basal ganglia calcifications (BGC) were detected on computerized tomography (CT) in a schizophrenic proband and led us to carry out CTs and standardized psychiatric evaluations (SADS--Endicott & Spitzer, 1978) in all available first-degree relatives (mother and six siblings). RESULTS: Five subjects had BGC, including three subjects diagnosed as schizophrenic. Three subjects had no BGC and none of them was diagnosed as schizophrenic. We subdivided the BGC into three groups: massive (pallidum, striatum and dentate nuclei affected); medium (pallidum and striatum); and mild (pallidum only). The two subjects with massive BGC and one of the two with medium BGC had schizophrenia. The subject with mild BGC had no psychotic symptoms. CONCLUSION: Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that BGC favours the occurrence of a schizophrenia-like syndrome and that the risk of occurrence of this syndrome is proportional to the extent of calcification. These findings support the hypothesis that schizophrenia is determined by a disruption of thalamo-cortico-striatal circuits.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Metabolic activation of benzo[g]chrysene in the human mammary carcinoma cell line MCF-7.

Benzo[g]chrysene (BgC) is an environmental pollutant, and recent studies have demonstrated that anti- BgC-11,12-dihydrodiol 13,14-epoxide (anti-BgCDE) is a potent mammary carcinogen in rats. To determine whether BgC can be metabolically activated to anti-BgCDE in human cells, the human mammary carcinoma cell line MCF-7 was treated with BgC and with the racemic trans-3,4- and 11,12-dihydrodiols. The DNA adducts formed in these experiments were examined using 32P-postlabeling, and specific adducts were identified through comparisons with adducts obtained by the reaction of the racemic syn- and anti-BgCDEs with calf thymus DNA and with purine deoxyribonucleoside-3'-phosphates in vitro. It was found that BgC is metabolically activated in MCF-7 cells to form major DNA adducts through both the syn- and anti-11,12-dihydrodiol 13,14-epoxide metabolites. BgC is therefore a potential environmental risk to humans. The major BgC-DNA adducts formed from both the dihydrodiol-epoxide diastereomers were deoxyadenosine adducts. Thus, BgC has DNA-binding properties that are very similar to those of the potent mammary carcinogens 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and dibenzo[a,l]pyrene.

Biotransformation↗
PubMed2005

Basal Ganglia calcification in mitochondrial disorders.

Though basal ganglia calcification (BGC) has been recognized as a feature of mitochondriopathy, little is known about its frequency in a larger cohort. The aim of this work was to assess the frequency of BGC, type and frequency of clinical and additional imaging central-nervous-system (CNS) abnormalities and of non-CNS abnormalities in mitochondriopathy patients with BGC. Retrospectively reviewed were the records of all mitochondriopathy patients in whom BGC was found on cerebral CT during 10 years. Among those who underwent cerebral CT, thirty-six, 24 women, 12 men, aged 33-93 years, showed BGC. The most frequent clinical CNS manifestations in these patients were epilepsy (n = 9), Parkinson syndrome (n = 9), dementia (n = 7), dysarthria (n = 5), spasticity (n = 4), tremor (n = 4), or stroke (n = 4). Additional cerebral CT-findings were atrophy (n = 10), lacunas (n = 6), leucaraiosis (n = 6), focal gliosis (n = 4), or stroke (n = 1). MR imaging, carried out in 12 patients, confirmed BGC in one. The 36 patients presented with involvement of the CNS (n = 32), endocrine system (n = 29), peripheral nervous system (n = 28), heart (n = 23), inner ear (n = 16), eyes (n = 15), guts (n = 11), blood (n = 9), kidney (n = 2), or dermis (n = 2). BGC occurs in one sixth of non-selected patients with mitochondriopathy and is associated with clinical and imaging CNS abnormalities and multisystem disease in the majority of them.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Tissue interaction with bioglass ceramic implanted in the rabbit cornea].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the biocompatibility and 'healing' of Bioglass Ceramic(BGC) in the cornea. METHODS: BGC dicks (8 mm in diameter, 0.5 mm thick, 20-70 microns pore diameter, 37-62% porosity, 7.8 mm radius of curvature) were implanted in 11 New Zealand albino rabbits after a free-hand intralamellar dissection. The eyes were examined by slit-lamp biomicroscope up to seven months postoperatively. The corneas were removed at seven month (one eye at eight month), then were examined by light microscope. RESULTS: Five of 11 dicks of BGC were extruded. All implant of BGC with 51-62% porosity were broken and then extruded. A large part of implants led to markedly edematous with severe degrees of corneal neovascularization within one month postoperatively. The corneal lamella before implants became not clear in all eyes after two months. Lipid deposits occurred in four eyes. It is difficulty to observe the 'healing' process of BGC in the cornea because the BGC is too hard to be cut in spite of being soft by 4% hydrochloric acid for four to ten days before cutting. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that BGC with above parameters is not suitable as peripheral keratoprosthetic materials because of its rough, hard, thick and breakable.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Inhibition of gastric cancer cells growth in vitro by sulindac].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of sulindac on proliferation and apoptosis of human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells and its antineoplastic mechanisms. METHODS: Human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells were incubated with sulindac at various concentrations and for different times. Morphological changes of BGC-823 cells were observed under an inversion microscope. MTT colorimetric assay was used to examine the effect of sulindac on the proliferation of BGC-823 cells. Flow cytometry was used to determine the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to examine cell apoptosis morphology. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expressions of COX-2, bcl-2 and ki-67 in the cells. RESULTS: sulindac induced morphologic alterations in BGC-823 cells, inhibited cell proliferation, increased the proportion of cells in G0/G1 phase and decreased the proportion of cells in S phase, induced apoptosis of BGC-823 cells, and decreased expressions of COX-2, bcl-2, ki-67 in the cells. All the effects were in a time- and dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Some characteristic morphologic features of apoptosis were revealed by transmission electron microscopy. CONCLUSION: sulindac may inhibit the growth of gastric cancer BGC-823 cells in vitro and the anti-tumor mechanism may be related to changes in cell cycle distribution, induction of apoptosis and inhibition of expression of COX-2, bcl-2, and ki-67.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1996

Endurance athletes, insulin secretion and muscle quality.

OBJECTIVE: To study how muscle ubiquinone content (MUQ) and percentage slow twitch (%ST) of muscle fibres in the thighs of male healthy subjects with a low or high insulin response to glucose infusion tests (GIT) affected blood glucose control (BGC). DESIGN: People with a low insulin response were recruited from sedentary low insulin responders (LIRs) or endurance trained LIRs. A group of men with high insulin response (HIRs) was used for comparison. In addition to GIT, glucose metabolism was estimated with somatostatin-insulin-glucose infusion tests (SIGIT; insulin sensitivity). RESULTS: Sedentary LIRs and HIRs had low exercise capacities and an increased BGC with increased exercise capacity. BGC in sedentary LIRs, in contrast to HIRs increased with MUQ and/or %ST. Only trained LIRs showed an elevated peripheral insulin receptor sensitivity despite a decreasing MUQ with %ST. This relationship indicated muscle metabolic lesions in trained LIRs with a high %ST and additional compensatory BGC mechanisms in trained LIRs. CONCLUSION: BGC in HIRs was maintained with insulin and an exercise-regulated insulin sensitivity, BGC in sedentary LIRs with a good muscle membrane and metabolic control due to adequate MUQ depots, and BGC in trained LIRs with an elevated insulin sensitivity. Trained LIRs rich in %ST had a low MUQ indicative of muscle lesions such as from 'overuse injury'.

Adult↗