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PubMed1994

[Clinical course of tuberculosis in young children, vaccinated and non-vaccinated with BCG vaccine].

As shown by the analysis of tuberculosis forms in 27 infants under 1 year of age (group 1) and 150 infants of older age (group 2), the involvement of the intrathoracic lymph nodes holds the first place among tuberculosis forms encountered in infants. Severe infection (tuberculous meningitis, disseminated tuberculosis) occurred more frequently in group 1. The authors emphasize epidemiological significance of contacts with tuberculous patients. To decrease infant tuberculosis incidence rate, it is of much more importance to make early diagnosis in the adults, to give infants preventive treatment, chemoprophylaxis in particular, than to perform BCG vaccination under conditions of close contacts with tuberculous subjects.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interference of preceding BCG vaccination with BCG immunotherapy in L2C-guinea pig leukemia.

Guinea pigs of inbred strain 2 were vaccinated with BCG 1331 Copenhagen (K-Nr. 240-1) six to seven weeks before intradermal application of about 10(5) leukocytes from a highly leukemic animal in mixture with 10(7) colony forming units (CFU) of BCG. This presensitization with BCG totally abolished or strongly reduced the antitumor activity of L2C-cells adjoining BCG. Increase of bacterial mass applied from 1 X 10(7) to 2 X 10(8) CFU did not restore the antileukemic effect of BCG as observed in unvaccinated guinea pigs by a significant delay of death in a portion of animals and by the occurrence of long-term survivors. Since local reaction to BCG occurred much earlier in presensitized than in unvaccinated animals, we speculate that the destruction of tumor cells and hence the antigenic stimulus was too premature in presensitized animals to build up a BCG-mediated antitumor immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Six years' experience with the discontinuation of BCG vaccination. 4. Protective effect of BCG vaccination against the Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex.

SETTING: In 1986, mass BCG vaccination of newborns was discontinued in an extensive territorial sample of neonates in the Czech Republic (30,000 infants annually). The non-vaccinated children have since been tuberculin tested at two-year intervals; those with continual or repeated intensive contact with animals in households or on farms were also tested with Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex sensitin in addition to tuberculin. OBJECTIVE: Within the frame work of the surveillance programme the incidence of infection and disease caused by M. avium intracellulare complex (M. avium complex) was evaluated and the protective effect of BCG vaccination analysed. DESIGN: In 1986-93, out of 190,874 non-vaccinated children, 36 were found to be infected by M. avium complex; 27 of them developed disease, i.e. mycobacteriosis other than tuberculosis (MOTT). RESULTS: The annual risk of infection with M. avium complex was 4.8/100,000 children per year, of whom 3.6/100,000 developed mycobacteriosis. 24 patients suffered from swelling of cervical lymph nodes, 2 of mediastinal lymph nodes and one child had the disease localized both in cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes. The disease was verified bacteriologically in 9 children. Most of the diseased children had impaired immunity; a marked skin reactivity of M. avium complex sensitin was present in all infected children. Animal sources infected by M. avium complex were detected in 5 cases. Another 14 children also had close contact with animals but without proven M. avium complex infection. CONCLUSION: In non-BCG vaccinated children the incidence of lymphadenitis caused by M. avium complex was considerably higher than in vaccinated children. BCG cells possess antigenic determinants which confer protective immunity probably both against M. tuberculosis and against M. avium complex infections. It may thus be assumed that BCG vaccination protects both against pathogenic tubercle bacilli and M. avium complex. This should be taken into consideration before recommending discontinuation of mass BCG vaccination of newborns in areas with a high prevalence of M. avium complex infection.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2005

[Prophylaxis of tuberculosis with BCG vaccine in children from contact and from unknown contact].

The quality and efficiency of immunoprophylaxis against tuberculosis have been studied in 563 children, by estimating the vaccination BCG signs. The children who have familial contacts and have been rather fully (92.3%) and effectively inoculated with BCG vaccination and in whom skin scars, 4-7 mm in diameter, have formed are at a high risk of tuberculosis due to massive infection in the bacterial isolation foci. Inadequate immunobiological defense reactions promote the progression of endogenous infection and the development of active tuberculosis in the vast majority (67.8%) children who have unestablished and unvaccinated or ineffectively vaccinated with BCG, infected under the occult bacterial isolation conditions mainly in the families where the adults have residual pulmonary changes and hypersensitivity to tuberculin the absence of immunobiological defensive reactions is the major risk factor for active tuberculosis.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗