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PubMed1996

Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis arising from balanitis xerotica obliterans.

Penile squamous cell carcinoma arising from balanitis xerotica obliterans is rarely reported. We describe a 58-year-old man in whom penile squamous cell carcinoma developed after 25 years of observation for balanitis xerotica obliterans. It is important to recognize the possibility of this uncommon complication of balanitis xerotica obliterans, because survival of patients with squamous cell carcinoma depends on early diagnosis and treatment.

Balanitis↗
PubMed1993

Penile squamous cell carcinoma arising from balanitis xerotica obliterans.

Squamous cell carcinoma arising from balanitis xerotica obliterans is rarely reported. We describe an 83-year-old man in whom metastatic penile squamous cell carcinoma developed after 18 years of observation for balanitis xerotica obliterans. It is important to recognize the possibility of this uncommon complication of balanitis xerotica obliterans, because survival of patients with squamous cell carcinoma depends on early diagnosis and treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Zoon's balanitis: presentation of 15 patients, five treated with a carbon dioxide laser.

BACKGROUND: Zoon's balanitis is a chronic erosive process of the penis. The lesions are refractory to conservative topical and some surgical therapy, and frequently require circumcision as a curative measure. METHODS: Fifteen patients with a clinical and histopathologic diagnosis of Zoon's balanitis were studied between October 1991 and October 2001. Five were treated with a carbon dioxide laser. RESULTS: The ages of the patients ranged from 36 to 69 years (average, 50.8 years). All the men were uncircumcised and presented with a discharge and erythematous lesions on the glans penis; the balanopreputial fold was affected in 10 patients and eight had a lesion on the internal surface of the prepuce. One patient was human immunodeficiency virus positive. Five were treated with a carbon dioxide laser. Two relapsed 1 and 3 years later, respectively, and the remaining three have been followed up for 2, 5, and 6 years, respectively, without relapse. One patient developed lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of the prepuce. CONCLUSIONS: We have presented our case study of 15 patients with Zoon's balanitis, and emphasize the possible use of a carbon dioxide laser as an alternative therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Balanitis circumscripta plasmacellularis.

Balanitis circumscripta plasmacellularis typically affects the glans penis and/or prepuce, and presents as chronic shiny smooth red-orange plaques. We report on an uncircumcised man with 2 moist red-orange lesions of balanitis circumscripta plasmacellularis on the glans and penile shaft, which were refractory to topical therapy and systemic antibiotics, and review the literature. Clinical morphology, microscopic features, differential diagnosis, postulated etiologies and treatments are discussed. When balanitis circumscripta plasmacellularis is suspected clinically, diagnosis can be readily confirmed by microscopic examination of the lesion. Differentiating this lesion from similar lesions is essential since it is benign and can be treated relatively easily by circumcision.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

The treatment of Zoon's balanitis with the carbon dioxide laser.

Zoon's balanitis, or plasma cell balanitis, is a chronic erosive process of the uncircumcised penis. The lesions are often refractory to conservative topical and surgical therapy and frequently require circumcision as a curative measure. This case report describes the first reported successful use of the carbon dioxide laser in the defocused mode to vaporize the chronic penile erosions of Zoon's balanitis.

Balanitis↗
PubMed1982

Ultrahistopathology of balanitis circinata.

Penile lesions from six patients with balanitis circinata were examined with the light and electron microscopes. The epithelium showed slight parakeratosis, acanthosis, and elongation of rete ridges. Neutrophil pustules occupied the upper epidermis. Prickle cells formed a spongiform net around the pustules. The most prominent features detected by the electron microscope were the small-to-medium-sized pustules in the upper epidermis. The thin flattened keratinocytes formed a sponge-like trabecular network. Neutrophils were not found inside the keratinocytes. Chlamydia were not present in the lesions, which indicates that balanitis circinata is due to some reactive mechanism. The fine structure of balanitis circinata resembles that of pustular psoriasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Subpreputial carriage of aerobic micro-organisms and balanitis.

Men attending a genitourinary medicine clinic had an appreciably higher prevalence of subpreputial infection with group B streptococci (GBS) than with Staphylococcus aureus or coliform bacilli. Carriage of GBS was similar in older and younger age groups and was higher in homosexuals than heterosexuals and in those with balanitis than those without. Thus, while GBS may cause balanitis in heterosexuals, sexual transmission is unimportant; in contrast sexual transmission of GBS may be more common among homosexuals but balanitis is rare.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Clinical features and management of recurrent balanitis; association with atopy and genital washing.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical features and diagnostic investigations in patients with recurrent or unresponsive balanitis in order to institute rational management. DESIGN: Forty-three patients presenting to a genitourinary medicine clinic with recurrent or persistent balanitis were studied. All patients were asked whether they had a history of atopic illness and about their practice of genital washing. All patients were investigated by taking a swab specimen from the preputial area for bacterial and viral culture and 30 underwent biopsy of the affected skin. Follow-up was between three and six months. SETTING: Outpatient genitourinary medicine clinic, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK. RESULTS: In 31 (72%) of the patients a diagnosis of irritant dermatitis was made. In comparison with the remaining patients, they had a greater lifetime incidence of atopic illness and more frequent daily genital washing with soap. For 28 (90%) of these patients, use of emollient creams and restriction of soap washing alone controlled symptoms satisfactorily. For the remaining 12 patients, a variety of diagnoses were made. Biopsy proved a well tolerated and diagnostic investigation, but the isolation of microbial pathogens from preputial swabs was irrelevant to management. CONCLUSION: A history of atopic illness and of the practice of penile washing are important aspects in the evaluation of patients with recurrent balanitis. Biopsy is an important investigation in the condition when it does not seem to be caused by irritant dermatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of the efficacy and safety of oral fluconazole and topical clotrimazole in patients with candida balanitis.

One hundred fifty seven men with candidal balanitis were entered in a randomised, open-label parallel-group multicentre study comparing efficacy and safety of a single oral 150-mg fluconazole-dose with clotrimazole applied topically twice daily for 7 days. Of 64 fluconazole and 68 clotrimazole treated patients who were evaluable at short term follow up, 92% and 91% respectively were clinically cured or improved. Candida albicans was eradicated in 78% and 83% of patients respectively. Median time to relief of erythema was 6 days for fluconazole and 7 days for clotrimazole. Twelve of 15 patients who had received previous topical therapy for balanitis said they preferred oral therapy. At the one month follow up visit, 24/36 and 29/33 patients in the two groups were clinically cured or improved. Nine in the fluconazole group experienced a relapse; 6 of these 9 patients reported previous episodes of this infection during the past year. Two patients in the clotrimazole group had a relapse; neither had a history of previous episodes. Mycological eradication was noted in 26/36 and 25/33 patients in the two groups. Both treatment regimens were well tolerated. Thus a single 150 mg dose of fluconazole was comparable in efficacy and safety to clotrimazole cream applied topically for 7 days when administered to patients with balanitis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Clinical presentation of candidal balanitis--its differential diagnosis and treatment.

The clinical presentation of candidal balanitis is discussed. Differential diagnosis from other forms of balanitis and dermatoses affecting the genitals is made. Treatment of candidal balanitis is then mentioned. General measures, contact investigation and specific measures such as the polyene antibiotics and the newer imidazole group of antifungal drugs are exemplified.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Balanitis xerotica obliterans and its differential diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: Balanitis xerotica obliterans is a subcategory of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus limited to the male genitalia and is associated with destructive inflammation, phimosis, urethral stenosis, and squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: The medical literature was searched from 1983-1998 using key words balanitis, lichen, and sclerosis using the MEDLINE system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Balanitis xerotica obliterans can be distinguished from other genital dermatoses with similar characteristics through patient history, clinical findings, and laboratory evaluation.. Tzanck smear and cutaneous biopsy, along with a rapid protein reagin test, will provide a definitive diagnosis. Treatment with high-dose topical corticosteroids relieves symptoms, and therapy focuses on prevention of disease progression.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2000

[Some etiologic factors in condom-induced allergic contact balanitis].

Clinical cases presenting allergic contact balanitis from condoms are studied using a combination of patch testing and chemical analysis by gas chromatography and high-resolving liquid chromatography to identify the causative agents involved. It has been previously established that zinc ethylphenyl dithiocarbamate (ZEPC)--a dithiocarbamate-type accelerant (DTC)--is an etiological factor in the event of contact allergy to condoms. Later it is confirmed that DTCs, such as zinc dimethyl dithiocarbamate (ZDMC), zinc diethyl dithiocarbamate (ZDEC) and zinc dibutyl dithiocarbamate and amines, such as dimethylamine (DMA), diethylamine (DEA) and piperidine (PIP) are likewise implicated in condom-induced contact balanitis. As shown by the investigation along this line, although thiurams are believed to be more allergenic, as compared to the corresponding DTCs and amines, both DTCs (ZDMC, ZDEC, ZDBC, ZEPC) and amines (DMA, DEA and PIP) are noteworthy etiological factors of allergic contact balanitis from condoms.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Zoon plasma cell balanitis: an overview and role of histopathology.

Balanitis circumscripta plasmacellularis or Zoon's balanitis is an idiopathic, benign condition of the genitalia that mostly presents as a solitary, persistent plaque on the glans of primarily uncircumcised, middle-aged to older men. Its etiology and pathogenesis remains speculative. This article provides an overview of the clinical morphology, microscopic features, differential diagnosis and therapy. Particular attention is paid to histopathologic features. Besides, a case is presented of an uncircumcised man with clinical and histologic features of balanitis circumscripta plasmacellularis who was successfully cured by circumcision. The distinction of this lesion from similar lesions is rather important, and a large group of disorders such as premalignant, infective and other inflammatory penile diseases should be definitely taken into consideration on the differential diagnosis. It seems that circumcision might be the current 'gold standard' for treatment of this disorder.

Balanitis↗
PubMed1992

Balanitis and balanoposthitis.

Balanitis is an inflammation of the glans penis. There are several etiologic agents, including bacterial and yeast infections, parasitic infestations, and trauma or irritants. Plasma-cell balanitis and balanitis xerotica obliterans are two distinct clinical entities. The authors review the clinical and pathologic features and the treatment options for these conditions.

Balanitis↗
PubMed1980

[Chronic pseudo-erythroplasic balanitis and vulvitis: histological study (author's transl)].

A case of pseudoerythroplasic vulvitis with histological features similar to purpuric telangiectasic and lichenoid balanitis is reported. The plasma cell infiltrate is usually discrete in these cases of chronic pseudoerythroplasic vulvitis and balanitis (CPVB). The authors suggest that these GPVB and Zoon's balanitis may represent different stages in the course of a same pathological process.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Circumferential laser vaporization for severe meatal stenosis secondary to balanitis xerotica obliterans.

PURPOSE: A new technique for treating meatal stenosis due to balanitis xerotica obliterans was used. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three patients with complete urinary retention and 1 with severe obstructive symptoms due to balanitis xerotica obliterans were treated with circumferential carbon dioxide laser vaporization of the urethral meatus. RESULTS: All 4 patients void spontaneously at 1 to 4.5 months of followup with peak flow rates of 1.25 to more than 3.0 standard deviations less than the mean normal peak flow rates at similar voided volumes. All patients are pleased with the postoperative results. CONCLUSIONS: Circumferential carbon dioxide laser vaporization monotherapy shows promise in treatment of meatal stenosis associated with balanitis xerotica obliterans.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Balanitis xerotica obliterans in children.

This report is based on 7 children with balanitis xerotica obliterans. Of these patients 5 had stenosis of the urethral meatus that required meatotomy and the postoperative results were good. The frequency of balanitis xerotica obliterans in children at our center, as well as the findings of other authors, suggests that possibly more cases would be diagnosed during infancy if all dried foreskin were examined systematically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Balanitis caused by group B streptococcus.

The Lancefield group B streptococcus is a cause of serious genitourinary tract infections in peripartum women. However, it rarely has been implicated as a pathogen in genital infections of male subjects. We report severe recurrent balanitis owing to group B streptococcus in a sexually active young man. Group B streptococcus was cultured from the vagina of his asymptomatic consort on 1 occasion. It is postulated that penile cellulitis developed by invasion of group B streptococcus through a traumatic abrasion acquired during sexual intercourse. The preferred antibiotic treatment for balanitis caused by group B streptococcus is penicillin or erythromycin. Prevention of additional episodes may be difficult, since therapy of the female carrier state with antibiotics has not provided long-term eradication of group B streptococcus.

Adult↗