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PubMed1992

Inefficient bacteriolysis of Escherichia coli by serum from human neonates.

To assess bacteriolysis in human neonates, Escherichia coli O7w:K1:NM were incubated with sera from eight healthy neonates, serum pooled from the eight neonates, and serum pooled from healthy adults. The adult serum killed E. coli. In contrast, the bacteria were not killed during incubation with sera from the eight neonates, the pooled neonatal serum, or with heat-inactivated adult serum. However, the combination of pooled neonatal serum and heat-inactivated adult serum killed the bacteria. Supplemental IgG-containing antibodies that bound to E. coli did not enhance the bactericidal activity of the neonatal serum. Ten of 12 blood isolates of E. coli from septic neonates but only 8 of 15 isolates from septic adults were serum-sensitive (killed during incubation with adult serum) (P less than .05). Therefore, neonatal serum killed E. coli inefficiently and was deficient in non-IgG heat-stabile component(s) required for bacterial killing. Compared with adults, neonates were more frequently septic with serum-sensitive strains of E. coli.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Ampicillin-induced bacteriolysis of Escherichia coli is not affected by reduction in levels of anionic phospholipids.

Anionic phospholipids have been shown to interact with both membrane-associated proteins and integral membrane proteins. The objective of this work was to determine whether bacteriolysis induced by treatment with ampicillin was influenced by the levels of anionic membrane phospholipids in Escherichia coli strain HDL11. The pgsA gene, encoding phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase, in HDL11 is under the control of lacOP, and the levels of anionic membrane phospholipids are consequently dependent on IPTG. The results indicate that limiting the amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin did not affect the lysis process in both growing and nongrowing bacteria.

Ampicillin↗

PubMed1981

Bacteriolysis of Veillonella alcalescens by lysozyme and inorganic anions present in saliva.

Veillonella alcalescens subsp. dispar was grown in a synthetic medium containing either radiolabeled thymidine or uridine to monitor cell lysis by assay of the release of deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid (RNA), respectively. Biochemical analyses demonstrated that, although human or hen egg white lysozymes alone did not release deoxyribonucleic acid or RNA, the nucleic acids were liberated in equal amounts from lysozyme-treated cells by the addition of low concentrations of the sodium salts of HCO-3, SCN-, Cl-, and F-, RNA release was dependent on enzyme and anion concentration. Human lysozyme was more potent than hen egg white lysozyme, and bicarbonate was the most effective anion in promoting bacteriolysis. Surprisingly, ultrastructural analyses differed from biochemical results. Lysozyme alone caused lysis in approximately 40% of the cell population. Detailed ultrastructural examination revealed aggregated cytoplasmic components which appeared as small clumps, explaining why nucleic acids were not measurable in the biochemical assays. In reaction mixtures containing lysozyme plus inorganic salts, electron microscopy results were compatible with biochemical data. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated that the addition of inorganic salts to lysozyme-treated cells resulted in the solubilization of the protoplasmic aggregates of lysed cells, presumably freeing the complexed RNA, and in the rapid lysis of the remaining cells (approximately 60%). These data suggest that electron microscopy must be used in conjunction with biochemical assays to assess lytic damage of bacterial cells.

Anions↗

PubMed1982

Bacteriolysis of Streptococcus mutans GS5 by lysozyme, proteases, and sodium thiocyanate.

Streptococcus mutans GS5 was grown in a synthetic medium containing radioactive thymidine to monitor cell lysis by assay of the release of DNA. Bacteriolysis was achieved by sequential treatment of the cells with either hen egg white lysozyme and sodium thiocyanate or a combination of hen egg white lysozyme and a proteolytic enzyme followed by addition of the thiocyanate. In the absence of sodium thiocyanate, a small percentage of the total macromolecular thymidine was released in control reaction mixtures during incubation. This amount of released DNA more than doubled in trypsin-treated cells, but the inclusion of lysozyme in reaction mixtures prevented assay of the DNA. Lysis was found to be optimal in the late log phase of growth and was dependent on the concentrations of both lysozyme and protease. Concentrations of trypsin or chymotrypsin as low as 0.01 microgram/ml were found to be effective in enhancing the lytic process. The addition of protease to lysozyme-inorganic salt reaction mixtures altered both the pH and ionic strength profiles of cell lysis. At pHs of 5.5 or lower, both the lysozyme-NaSCN and the lysozyme-trypsin-NaSCN systems were inactive in mediating lysis. The loss of insoluble cell wall peptidoglycan by lysozyme treatment was pH independent and did not appear to be affected by the addition of protease. Either diluted whole saliva or neutrophil extracts could replace trypsin to enhance cell lysis further.

Bacteriolysis↗

PubMed1988

The biochemistry of bacteriolysis: paradoxes, facts and myths.

Degradation of cell wall components of certain microbial species following phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages might involve the activation, by leucocyte cationic proteins, of the bacterial autolytic wall enzymes, leading to bacteriolysis. Lysozyme (a distinct cationic agent), which is the main muramidase present in leucocytes and in body fluids, might function not only as an enzyme but also as a potent activator of autolysis. Sulphated polyelectrolytes, proteolytic enzymes and oxygen radicals, which are released in inflammatory sites, might inactivate the autolytic wall enzymes, leading to the accumulation of peptidoglycan-polysaccharide complexes within macrophages. Activated macrophages are instrumental in initiating chronic inflammatory reactions. Undegraded microbial cell wall components also function as immunomodulators and as enhancers of non-specific resistance to infections and to malignancy.

Anions↗

PubMed1977

[Humoral immunity aspects of meningococcal infection. I. A method of performing and the characteristics of the immune bacteriolysis reaction].

Immune bacteriolysis test with meningococcus, group A, was used for the purpose of serum antibody study. Meningococcus cultures with a bright orange fluorescence of the colonies in oblique illumination (the I type) proved to possess the greatest lysability. Guinea pig serum sorbed with meningococcus suspension was found to be the best source of the complement. Sera obtained after 1 to 3 days of rabbit immunization, containing mostly IgM antibodies, had the greatest bactericidal capacity. Only those fractions which contained IgM possessed bactericidal activity in the hyperimmune rabbit sera with a high IgG antibody concentration. No lytic activity was displayed against meningococcus by unfractionated hyperimmune sera.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Immune bacteriolysis reaction in the assessment of immunological effectiveness of serogroup B meningococcal vaccine].

The immunological efficacy of serogroup B meningococcal protein-polysaccharide vaccine was studied in newly developed immune bacteriolysis test. Serogroup B meningococcus strains had different sensitivities to the bactericidal effects of immune sera. A single injection of the vaccine caused an induction of bactericidal antibodies to meningococcus vaccinal strain. Three weeks after vaccination 77.7% of the vaccines developed an appreciable increase of the titers of bactericidal antibodies to the homologous strain of meningococcus. The concentration of bactericidal antibodies to strain 2394 differing from the homologous strain by its serotype did not increase. In the controls no changes in the titers of bactericidal antibodies to both strains of meningococcus were observed, the level of antibodies being the same as that before vaccination in the group of subjects immunized with B vaccine; this proves the specificity of the immunizing effect to serogroup B meningococcus vaccinal strain (No 125).

Antibodies, Bacterial↗

PubMed1976

[II. The process of spontaneous bacteriolysis in water and micropredator bacteria].

In her conference presented in Public Health School in Ankara in June 1975, the author summarizes the present knowledge on spontaneous bacteriolysis process in water and gives information on the bacteria which are thought to be mostly responsible for auto-purification of water, with special emphasis on Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strains.

Antibiosis↗

PubMed1961