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PubMed1997

Application of autogenic training for anxiety disorders: a clinical study in a psychiatric setting.

The effects of autogenic training for anxiety disorders were investigated in a psychiatric setting of a medical school hospital and the predictors of this treatment outcome were identified. Fifty-five patients who meet the DSM-III-R criteria for anxiety disorders were treated individually with autogenic training by the author from October 1981 to October 1995. The medical records of the patients were investigated retrospectively. The results showed that the autogenic training was successful. Twenty-eight patients (51%) were cured, fourteen (25%) much improved, eight (15%) improved and five (9%) unchanged at the end of the treatment. Forty-two patients (76%) were assessed as having had successful treatment. Pretreatment variables, such as patient's clinical characteristics, did not provide a useful guide to the outcome. Four treatment variables did have a bearing on outcome. First, practicing the second standard autogenic training exercise was a satisfactory predictor of a better outcome. Second, practicing generalization training also was a useful predictor. Third, the application of other behavioral treatment techniques was found to be positively associated with outcome. Fourth, longer treatment periods were associated with a better outcome. These findings suggested that autogenic training could be of significant benefit for the treatment of anxiety disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Objectifying the effect of autogenic training on disordered ventilation in bronchial asthma].

Forty-one persons suffering from asthma (aged 20 to 55; duration of disease: greater than or equal 2 years) were divided into 2 groups and participated in courses of instruction in autogenic training. The control group was comprised of 14 patients. The effects of autogenic training on the maximum rate of expiration as well as the limiting respiratory value were recorded. The control group showed a seasonal decrease in the maximum rate of expiration and the limiting respiratory value by 10 to 20% in the period extending from April through November. The autogenic-training patients showed a temporally similar increase in the maximum rate of expiration of 27 and 22%, respectively (the difference to the control group being 47 and 42%, respectively). In 35 patients the increase in the limiting respiratory value was equal to or greater than the effect produced by novodrine. Catamnesis after one year (n = 40): Absence from work in a twelve-month period was 663 days prior to autogenic training and 77 days (11.6%) subsequent to autogenic training. Accordingly, autogenic training may be considered to be an objectively effective component of a combination of therapeutical methods used in the treatment of bronchial asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Effect of autogenic training on drug consumption in patients with primary headache: an 8-month follow-up study.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of Schultz-type autogenic training on headache-related drug consumption and headache frequency in patients with migraine, tension-type, or mixed (migraine plus tension-type) headache over an 8-month period. BACKGROUND: Behavioral treatments often are used alone or adjunctively for different types of headache. There are, however, only a few studies that have compared the efficacy and durability of the same treatment in different types of primary headache, and the effects of treatment on headache-related drug consumption rarely have been assessed even in these studies. METHODS: Twenty-five women with primary headache (11 with mixed headache, 8 with migraine, and 6 with tension-type headache) were evaluated via an open-label, self-controlled, 8-month, follow-up study design. After an initial 4 months of observation, patients began learning Schultz-type autogenic training as modified for patients with headache. They practiced autogenic training on a regular basis for 4 months. Based on data from headache diaries and daily medication records, headache frequencies and the amounts of analgesics, "migraine-specific" drugs (ergots and triptans), and anxiolytics taken by the patients were compared in the three subgroups over the 8-month period. Results.-From the first month of implementation of autogenic training, headache frequencies were significantly reduced in patients with tension-type and mixed headache. Significant reduction in frequency was achieved in patients with migraine only from the third month of autogenic training. Decreases in headache frequencies were accompanied by decreases in consumption of migraine drugs and analgesics resulting in significant correlations among these parameters. Reduction in consumption of anxiolytic drugs was more rapid and robust in patients with tension-type headache compared to patients with migraine, and this outcome failed to show any correlation with change in headache frequency. CONCLUSION: Schultz-type autogenic training is an effective therapeutic approach that may lead to a reduction in both headache frequency and the use of headache medication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Immediate effects of autogenic training].

The research investigated the autogenic training (AT) immediate effects, analysing the emotional reactions of patients during their learning of the AT standard exercises. An improvement has been observed in all the conditions even before the beginning of the course, thus demonstrating the presence of the drug-doctor-phenomenon; the control subjects, entered in a waiting list, showed no further improvement at this phase of the study.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Autogenic training in geriatric psychiatry patients].

Autogenic training (a.t.) as an additional therapeutic method was applied to 20 psychogeriatric inpatients in daily exercises. The patients were suffering from major depression, dementia, psychoneurotic disorders and Parkinson's disease. By using only the basic exercises, supported by some learning helps, 14 out of the 20 patients were able to learn and practice a.t. with quite good success, especially in the treatment of sleep disorders and restless states. Involving the nursal staff proved to be of great importance. Finally special aspects of the application of a.t. in psychogeriatric inpatients are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Autogenic training for tension type headaches: a systematic review of controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: To determine from the published evidence whether autogenic training as sole therapy is effective for prevention of tension-type headaches in adults. METHOD: Systematic review of controlled trials. Literature searches were performed in January 2005 in six major databases, specifically Medline, EMBASE, AMED, CENTRAL, PsychInfo and CINAHL and information was extracted and evaluated in a pre-defined manner. RESULTS: Seven controlled clinical trials were included in the review. The methodological quality of these studies was low. Patient samples were generally representative of the more severely affected cases. None of the studies show autogenic training to be convincingly superior to other interventions care. Some trials suggested that the effect of autogenic training is no different from hypnosis and inferior to biofeedback. CONCLUSION: There is no consistent evidence to suggest that autogenic training is superior to other interventions for prevention of tension headaches, or different from other forms of relaxation. Further studies should investigate the use of standard autogenic training in patients with moderate headache.

Autogenic Training↗
PubMed1978

[Autogenic training today (author's transl)].

Autogenic training (AT) creates an autonomic shift within the Hypnoid; in neurophysiological terms conceivable by a lower level of vigilance, synchronisation of EEG and modulation of afferent impulses. The said status differs clearly from wakefullness, drowsiness or sleep. AT however means more than just achievement of a hypnoidal state by ways of the classical six standard exercises, but to our opinion its use within a complex psychotherapy. We very much combine it with analytically orientated group therapy. Accordingly we oppose mass presciption of the standard exercises outside the medical sphere. Application of AT outside of psychotherapy within "psychohygienic indication" should carefully be considered only with strongly motivated persons, as otherwise the lack of motivation is likely to lead to failures.

Autogenic Training↗
PubMed1994

Autogenic training: a narrative and quantitative review of clinical outcome.

This review of controlled outcome research on Autogenic Training complements the literature by pooling narrative and quantitative approaches, by including only studies with experimental controls, by integrating the English and German literature, and by adding research findings published since the last review. Whereas previous reviews have already reported positive effects of Autogenic Training for migraine, insomnia, and test anxiety, additional supportive findings for angina pectoris, asthma, childbirth, eczema, hypertension, infertility, Raynaud's disease, and recovery from myocardial infarction are discussed here. The impact of protocol variations on outcome is described, and the specificity of Autogenic Training relative to other stress management techniques is highlighted. Quantitative findings suggested that Autogenic Training was associated with medium-sized pre- to posttreatment effects ranging from d = .43 for biological indices of change to d = .58 for psychological and behavioral indices thus matching effect sizes for other biobehavioral treatment techniques like biofeedback and muscular relaxation. Length of treatment did not affect clinical outcome. The discussion emphasizes how narrative and quantitative strategies complement one another.

Autogenic Training↗
PubMed1999

Autogenous training--an anxiolytic and a factor contributing to the improvement of the quality of life.

Autogenous training in its narrow sense of meaning belongs to the group of supportive psychotherapeutic techniques. In fact, it is an autosuggestive relaxation. Autogenous training has been for decades successfully used as prevention to anxious reactions. Since anxiety is an etiological factor of numerous psychic and psychosomatic disturbances, positive implications of autogenous training have been considerably broadened. Life without anxiety belongs to a more qualitative form of life. Autogenous training directs the trainee towards introspection and self-analysis. Self-respect (self-esteem) is the consequence of our own work on ourselves.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1989

Spectral analysis of the central nervous system effects of the relaxation response elicited by autogenic training.

This study examined the effects of the relaxation response, elicited by autogenic training, on central nervous system (CNS) activity. We used computerized spectral analysis of EEG activity as a dependent measure. After baseline EEG data were obtained for all subjects, the experimental group practiced standard autogenic exercises for 15 experimental sessions with home practice. The control subjects received the same number of sessions under identical conditions, except that they listened to a pleasant radio show without home practice. Subjects were then posttested to assess the acute and chronic effects of autogenic training and the relaxation response on CNS activity. The results indicated significant acute effects differences between groups; the experimental group showed greater increases in theta and greater decreases in alpha percent total power. The results suggest that the relaxation response elicited by autogenic training produces significant acute changes in EEG activity and a characteristic spectral pattern; the results also suggest that focusing attention on a repetitive, internal stimulus is a key element in Benson's relaxation response model.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Autogenic training in psychophysiological preparation for parachute jumps].

The efficiency of specific psychophysiological preparation--autogenic training--to parachute jumps was measured in two groups of cadets (test subjects and controls). Hetero- and autogenic training was carried out according to a scheme specially developed for this type of activity. The study of questionnaires and physiological data demonstrated that the specific psychophysiological preparation by means of autogenic training for a certain type of activity helped to develop active self-control over one's own state and emotions, alleviated tension, arrested adverse neurotic manifestations (sleep disturbances, depression, anxiety), contributed to the feeling of confidence in the successful completion of the jump and promoted positive tuning towards subsequent jumps.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1977

[Experimental examination on the development of altered states of consciousness by autogenic training in comparison to sensory deprivation].

In a sample of 32 trainees of autogenic training the alterations of the state of consciousness during the exercises were recorded by means of a questionnaire (APZ). To check the influence of acoustic stimulation the subjects were exposed to various sounds by headphone. The data were compared with the results of an experiment with sensory deprivation. A significant correspondence was found between the altered states of consciousness through sensory deprivation and autogenic training under usual low stimulus condition. According to these results autogenic training can be understood as a technique of self-induced sensory deprivation.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of hypnosis and autogenic training on acral circulation and coping with the illness in patients with progressive scleroderma].

In 12 patients with systemic sclerosis the influence of hypnosis and autogenic training on the acral blood circulation and the coping with the disease was investigated in a pilot study. In the first step significant increases in the skin temperature of the finger (mean +/- SD: 3.9 +/- 1.2 degrees C) could be found after relaxation hypnosis. In the second step six patients (study group) gained experience with autogenic training. The other six patients served as control group. In the study group, the skin temperature of the fingers (short-term effect) was significantly higher than in the control group (1.9 +/- 1.0 degrees C). Long-term effects of the autogenic training (mean acral rewarning time, duration and course of the Raynaud attacks, acral lesions of the hands, psychosomatic status of complaints, type of relation to the disease as precondition for coping with the disease) were not found within the relatively short follow-up period of 4 months. Two patients, however, reported that they could shorten the duration of Raynaud attacks by autogenic training. In our patients heterogenicity and an increased score of multiple psychosomatic complaints were registered at the outset. As far as the type of relation to the disease is concerned, the patients could be assessed as almost adapted. Hypnosis and autogenic training can be recommended as complementary therapy in systemic sclerosis.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Treatment of childhood migraine with autogenic training and skin temperature biofeedback: a component analysis.

Using a controlled group outcome design, skin temperature biofeedback with autogenic training and autogenic training only was compared to a waiting list as a treatment for childhood headache. Thirty children with migraine headaches, ages 7 to 18 years were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions. Statistical analyses of headache activity indicated that children in the treatment groups improved in headache frequency and duration but not intensity as compared to the waiting list control group. These findings were consistent through a 6 month follow-up. In terms of clinical improvement, 80% of the biofeedback group, 50% of the autogenics group, and none of the waiting list control group were symptom-free. These findings were discussed in relation to past childhood headache studies and implications for current treatment of children with headaches.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The use of autogenic training in the combined therapy of bronchial asthma patients].

Since 1976 in the Allergologic Clinic autogenous training is applied in asthmatic patients as group therapy combined with respiratory exercises. In 10 asthmatic patients in the conditions of an acute experiment the forced vital capacity, forced expiratory flow for I s and maximum mean expiratory flow were followed up after autogenous training. An improvement of the ventilation indices was found. The autogenous training is a suitable nonmedicamentous method as a part of the total rehabilitation therapy in asthmatic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Comment on autogenic training and hypertension.

We comment on a report by Watanabe, et al. regarding the effects of autogenic training on hypertension. Using previous reports in the United States, we mention methodological problems on how to evaluate the effects of autogenic training and express our hope that they would provide further research to clarify the effects of autogenic training on hypertension.

Autogenic Training↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of autogenic training on glucose regulation and lipid status in non-insulin dependent diabetics].

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to examine the benefits of autogenic training in patients with type 2 diabetes and 40 diabetics treated with oral antidiabetic agents were assigned to receive autogenic training. Treatment effects on GHb levels, glycemia, lipids and lipid peroxidases were evaluated after 12 weeks. RESULTS: Subjects demonstrated significant improvements of GHb level (8.94 +/- 2.21% vs. 7.9 +/- 2.395) (p < 0.005). Fasting glucose was significantly lower after treatment (11.6 +/- 6.1 mmol/l vs. 8.32 +/- 4.53 mmol/l) (p < 0.005). The serum level of HDL cholesterol was significantly higher after autogenic training (1.21 +/- 0.11 vs. 1.36 +/- 1.42) (p < 0.005). Cholesterol level was significantly lower after training (6.63 +/- 1.66 mmol/l vs. 6.10 +/- 1.12 mmol/l) (p < 0.05). Lipid peroxidase was significantly lower after treatment (4.05 +/- 0.58 vs. 3.69 +/- 1.26) (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: Autogenic training in selected patients, especially those who are most responsive to stress would provide benefits for glucosE control and lipid metabolism that are not always achieved by conventional treatment.

Adult↗