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Professor Arnold Pavlik, a Czech orthopaedic surgeon, became famous mainly for the development of a functional, active method of treating developmental dysplasia of the hip, in his time called congenital dislocation of the hip. A translation is presented of the autobiography Pavlik prepared to achieve his doctorate in medical sciences, but which his early death in February 1962 denied him.
Coping with illness is a topic well established in social psychology, and in other social sciences. In this essay I focus upon coping with health. I restrict myself to health as an invidivual activity. Starting with a differentiation between natural and deliberate health, which was made in the times of the Enlightenment, I look into alternative health accounts represented in German autobiographies.
Industrialization brought about quick changes for workers both in the workplace and in their wider socioeconomic and political environment. Therefore they preserved traditional beliefs and attitudes toward their milieu. With regard to health and illness, these traditional beliefs, drawn from their autobiographies, are illustrated. With time, panel doctors became accepted by workers. Social insurance gave workers access to physicians. Workers did not simply or tacitly accept their medicalization, nor did they oppose the extension of the social power of physicians. They construed health risks as part of their milieu, and not as the result of social changes taking place in all spheres.
Nietzsche's autobiography gestates neither conflicts, nor life problems, nor matter suppressed from his subconscious, nor are the speech distortions of the schizophrenic patient to be found. In all, analysis allows with certainty the conclusion that is was written by a sick person suffering from a psycho-organic disorder of the kind Bonhoeffer referred to by the general term "symptomatic psychosis".
The beginnings of the autobiography and autoergography written by physicians are to be placed for the 16th and 17th century. An early example for this genre of literature which is always actual but in its valency also disputed is the self-evidence of the Halle surgeon Johann Dietz. Into the descriptions of his professional life many details of the events of his era were included. In his description chronicles of the speciality and witness of the time united themselves in a report which remained worth reading up to the present time.
Several Halle graduates of the thirties of the 19th century in their autobiographies in detail reported on their student days. One of them was the Francfort Heinrich Hoffmann who was awarded the doctor's degree in Halle in 1833 and later on by his very often read book for the young became well-known as "Struwwelpeter-Hoffmann". Hoffmann's representations form an interesting supplementation to the statements of other authors which concerned the city and the university of Halle.
We have discussed two contemporary cinematic autobiographies in which narcissistic struggles are presented in the protagonists. Whether Bob Fosse and Woody Allen are themselves suffering from narcissistic character pathology is unknown to us and is not the point of our thesis. Narcissistic issues are presented as predominant life difficulties for the major characters in the movies, and an examination of these narcissistic themes can enlarge our understanding of the current cultural and intrapsychic narcissistic phenomena. By examining how Joe Gideon in All That Jazz and Sandy Bates in Stardust Memories approach relationships with significant figures in their lives, how they deal with the mid-life crisis, and how they struggle with the knowledge of the inevitability of personal death provide insights about the vicissitudes of narcissism at a particular point in the male adult life-cycle.
The first excerpt (pp. 185-86 of the 1970 Dover edition of Living My Life) dates from 1896, shortly after Emma Goldman returned to New York City from a year abroad during which she studied at Vienna's famous Allgemeines Krankenhaus (General Hospital) and received two diplomas, one for midwifery and one for nursing. She was then 27 years old. The second excerpt (pp. 552-55) describes her women's health lectures some years later, as noted. Despite Goldman's use of the term "birth control" in these excerpts, that term was coined by Margaret Sanger only in 1915. Goldman wrote this autobiography during years 1928 to 1931.
Workers' autobiographies of the late 19th and early 20th centuries depict, at length, diseases both in terms of physical description and impact, and in terms of psychological effects. Drastic physical defects and their consequences are explicitly described. Many writers appear weak against the primary presumption of the strong, male body of the workers. Mourning and dejection over the authors' own weaknesses and the illnesses of others (relatives and colleagues) are prevalent. However, the masculinity of the first-person narrator, in principle, is not eclipsed or overshadowed by doubt because of disease and weakened physical condition. Diseases are metaphors for bad social conditions which lead to weakness, whilst the authors succeeded in coping with their weaknesses by compensating with other abilities and talents.
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