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PubMed1963

ATHLETIC INJURIES.

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Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1985

Epidemiology, pathomechanics, and prevention of athletic injuries to the cervical spine.

Athletic injuries to the cervical spine associated with quadriplegia most commonly occur as a result of axial loading. Whether it be a football player striking an opponent with the top or crown of his helmet, a poorly executed dive into a shallow body of water where the subject strikes his head on the bottom, or a hockey player pushed into the boards head first, the fragile cervical spine is compressed between the rapidly decelerated head and the continued momentum of the body. Appropriate rule changes recognizing this mechanism have resulted in a reduction of football quadriplegia by two-thirds. Presumably, educational efforts designed to inform the public of the dangers of diving would have a similar effect. The predominance of the axial loading mechanism is not as clearly defined in trampoline and minitrampoline injuries. However, both of these devices are dangerous when used in the best of circumstances, and their use has no place in recreational, educational, or competitive gymnastics. The emergence of severe cervical spine injuries resulting from ice hockey is recognized. Methods, based on sound scientific evidence, to modify the games so as to prevent these injuries are lacking.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Fatal athletic injuries.

Death during athletic training or competition often brings public media attention. Recent endeavors to attract amateur athletic competitions to Marion County, Indiana prompted a review of athletic fatalities. Trauma during training, arteriosclerotic heart disease, and congenital heart defects cause most fatalities. A prospective study has been initiated to investigate and document these deaths.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The use of dental implants in the treatment of athletic injuries.

This article is designed to help an athletic team dentist treat dental athletic injuries with implants. The different emergency situations that the team dentist will face are discussed, and an attempt is made to group the most likely implants that he or she may encounter. Advantages and disadvantages of each of the implant groups available are discussed in relation to the particular type of bone morphology resulting from athletic dental injuries. Currently, there are 58 root-form implants being sold, with new ones coming out monthly. The athletic team dentist is interested primarily in immediate single-tooth replacement systems, which can be classified into single-tooth blades and root forms. The latter groups can be subdivided into press-fit, cylindrical hollow baskets, cylindrical screws, and cylindrical fin-shaped implant systems. Certain implants systems have been selected, and their advantages and disadvantages described in detail. In addition, similar implants of each type are presented. Some implants which have more efficient prosthetic and delivery systems are mentioned. Several early devices are discussed as well, because the team dentist may encounter one of these in his practice. This paper will serve as a guide for the dentist who assumes the responsibility of treating athletic injuries with the use of dental implants.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1991

[Athletic injuries in wind surfing].

We made an anamnesis of sports related injuries for 189 members of the Swiss Wind Surfing Federation. This data enabled us to calculate an yearly incidence of 0.02 injuries per athlete. By comparison, this frequency amounts to 0.03 for tennis players, to 0.24 in football and 2.30 for competitive cyclists. Feet injuries made up for 36.5% of all cases, whereas legs were affected for 23.5%. The athlete had to stop his training for 25.2 days on average. His work had to be interrupted for 10.2 days and his mean hospital stay was of 2.0 days. One third of all injuries were due to board contact events, 20% happened on the shore and 19% were ascribed to falls on/of the mast. Bruises and other wounds were mainly due to the lack of surf-shoes and/or other protective clothing items.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The use of physical agents in rehabilitation of athletic injuries.

The competitive athlete's motivation to return to activity following injury presents a challenge to the sports medicine specialist to utilize the most effective rehabilitation procedures available. Safe return to competition necessitates maximal restoration of those components of physical fitness affected by injury (such as muscular strength, power, endurance). Various forms of superficial heat and cold application, deep heat modalities, and electrical currents have been used to supplement therapeutic exercise in this process. In recent years, the therapeutic benefits of cold for the control of exercise-induced edema and as a prelude to performance of prescribed exercise have been widely recognized. Although short wave and microwave diathermy appear to have lost much of their appeal as deep tissue heating modalities, the thermal and mechanical effects of ultrasound continue to make it a widely used modality in sports medicine. Adaptation of alternating electrical currents for use in transcutaneous nerve stimulation has given the sports medicine clinician a useful modality for pain management. The more recently developed "Russian" electrical stimulator provides a promising modality for muscle re-education and restoration of muscular strength.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1994

Psychological consequences of athletic injury among high-level competitors.

Injury prohibiting continued athletic participation has been hypothesized to have a predictable emotional impact on athletes (Rotella & Heyman, 1986). However, the psychological impact of injury has not been well documented. This study examined the psychological reactions to injury among 343 male collegiate athletes participating in 10 sports. All athletes were assessed using measures of depression, anxiety, and self-esteem during preseason physical examinations. Injured athletes along with matched controls were later assessed within one week of experiencing an athletic injury and 2 months later. A 4 x 3 (Injury Status x Time of Testing) repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (DM MANOVA) revealed that injured athletes exhibited greater depression and anxiety and lower self-esteem than controls immediately following physical injury and at follow-up 2 months later. These findings supported the general observation that physically injured athletes experience a period of emotional distress that in some cases may be severe enough to warrant clinical intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Tumors about the knee misdiagnosed as athletic injuries.

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal tumors may originally mimic a traumatic condition, and, on the basis of an erroneous diagnosis of an athletic injury, an invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedure may be performed. We determined the number of such cases treated at our institution, and we analyzed the initial and final diagnoses as well as the changes in the indicated oncologic surgical technique due to the initial erroneous diagnosis. METHODS: Twenty-five patients who had a bone or soft-tissue tumor about the knee that originally had been diagnosed as an athletic injury were referred to our institution. The complete clinical, radiographic, and pathological records were reviewed. Studies that had been performed prior to the invasive procedure and at the time of admission to our institution were evaluated to determine differences in the tumor stage and the oncologic treatment that was indicated at each time. RESULTS: Of 667 knee tumors diagnosed in our institution, twenty-five (3.7%) previously had been treated with an intra-articular procedure as a result of a misdiagnosis of an athletic injury. The final diagnoses made at our institution were a benign tumor in eleven patients and a malignant tumor in fourteen. Oncologic surgical treatment was affected in fifteen of the twenty-five patients. CONCLUSIONS: When a knee tumor is initially misdiagnosed as an athletic injury, treatment may be adversely affected by the delay in diagnosis or an inappropriate invasive procedure that results in extension of the tumor. Initial poor-quality radiographs and an unquestioned original diagnosis despite persistent symptoms were the most frequent causes of an erroneous diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Imaging of athletic injuries to the ankle and foot.

Conventional radiographs in conjunction with clinical examination remains the primary method for evaluating the acute athletic injury. In most cases, suspected acute tendon and ligament injuries are initially treated based on physical examination. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, with its multiplanar capability and superb soft tissue contrast, is quickly becoming the method of choice for evaluating chronic foot and ankle pain and further defining the extent of tendon and ligament injuries. This article reviews the common acute and chronic (overuse) foot and ankle athletic injuries with an emphasis on imaging characteristics.

Ankle↗
PubMed1985

Survey of wheelchair athletic injuries: common patterns and prevention.

Twelve hundred wheelchair athletes were surveyed to determine commonly experienced athletic injuries, sports participation and training patterns associated with injuries. Soft tissue trauma, blisters, lacerations, decubiti and joint disorders were the most commonly reported injuries of the 128 respondents. Over 70 per cent of all reported injuries occurred during wheelchair track, road racing and basketball. Common mechanisms of injury were also identified. A significantly higher number of reported injuries were associated with increased sports participation (p less than 001), with the 21-30 year-old age group (p less than .01), and with a high number of training hours per week (p less than .05). There was no significant relationship between number of reported injuries and disability type, National Wheelchair Athletic Association classification, or sex. Decubitus ulcers and temperature regulation disorders were identified as particular risks for the spinal cord injury population. Educating the athlete and coach in means to prevent injury is necessary to promote optimal performance and safe participation.

Adolescent↗