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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Disseminated Nocardia asteroides infection in an immunocompetent woman following an arm injury.

A case of disseminated infection with Nocardia asteroides in a 55-year-old immunocompetent woman after mild trauma to the arm is reported. Secondary dissemination was identified in the skin, right kidney, liver, peritoneal cavity, lungs and thigh. The patient was successfully treated with surgical drainage and a 9-week course of antibiotics including cefotaxime, amikacin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) and doxycycline. The administration of TMP/SMX in combination with doxycycline was clinically beneficial despite in vitro resistance.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The physician's role in preventing small arms injury.

The first step in defining a public health problem is to describe its scope and nature. For most diseases, this involves details on the victims, morbidity and mortality, and the agent of the disease. In the case of the small-arms 'disease', apart from data on the injuries caused, most other information resides with criminal justice agencies that are primarily concerned with criminal activity. In the United States, beginning in the state of Wisconsin, an approach based on the nation-wide data system of car crash deaths has been developed, linking medical examiners, coroners, police data and other information to provide a comprehensive picture of firearm-related deaths. The next step should be to develop standardized firearm-markings that would aid in controlling the illicit trade in small arms and more detailed information on the relationship between type of firearm and injury. Physicians can do much to aid prevention of small arms injury by advocating this public health approach.

Firearms↗
PubMed1999

Hand and arm injuries associated with repetitive manual work in industry: a review of disorders, risk factors and preventive measures.

Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common self-reported, work-related illness in the UK, with upper limb disorders ranking second only to back complaints. The rapid increase in disablement cases, the reduced productivity resulting from the disorders, and, perhaps, the threat of litigation which is on the increase, has led to an increased awareness of the problems and an increasing desire to reduce the incidence of such disorders. This paper reviews the problem of upper limb disorders and focuses on those disorders that could be associated with repetitive manual work in industry. The disorders are described and categorized, and potential occupational risk factors are discussed and related to the injuries. In addition, a number of preventive measures, in the form of ergonomics design changes and changes in workplace practice are reviewed. There are frequent calls for well-designed epidemiological studies, so that meaningful dose-response relationships can be drawn up. A significant part of good study design is associated with measurement and analysis of the user-tool interface and the working environment. With this in mind, a variety of measurement techniques are described. Furthermore, this paper highlights the need for study designs to be founded on a better understanding of the potential damage mechanisms, and points the way towards which areas should be investigated.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed2001

The platform transfer splint: 2 case reports of a mobility aide for persons with arm injuries or conditions.

Limited or impaired mobility is a major obstacle to maximizing length of stay efficiency for inpatient rehabilitation. Trauma patients and others with multiple limb impairments present a mobility challenge to all rehabilitation centers. Of particular concern are patients with forearm fractures who are nonambulatory. With shorter inpatient stays, patients are being discharged home or to other settings with continued weight-bearing restrictions. These patients put great demands on their caregivers as a result of their limited mobility. The Platform Transfer Splint (PTS) has been developed to overcome limitations seen in this patient population. It is an upper extremity splint that allows weight bearing through the humerus for patients with impairments of the forearm or hand. With use of the PTS, patients can become independent in transfers and wheelchair propulsion. Two case studies are presented to show the impact of the PTS on patient mobility and discharge disposition. Fabrication of the splint is also discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2000

[CT findings in fire arm injuries of the pelvis. Personal experience].

PURPOSE: We investigated the yield of CT in firearms wounds with pelvis involvement by evaluating the CT features of pelvis, bone walls, and associated injuries, if any. CT plays a major role, while conventional radiography remains an important integration in the workup of pelvis bone injuries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We report a retrospective series of pelvis gunshot wounds studied with CT in a 5-year period; the patients were all men, with a mean age of 38 years (range 18-56). When only the pelvis was involved, CT was performed from the transverse umbilical plane to the pubis, in order to include the continuous abdomen. We used an intravenous contrast agent to study the aorta and its iliac branches, pelvic vessels, active hemorrhagic effusions and bladder filling. RESULTS: Penetrating firearms wounds were found in 21 cases and perforating ones in 7. In the penetrating wounds, the bullet course was most frequently (75%) stopped by the pelvic bones, with retention and CT visualization within muscular and bone structures. The incidence of bone injuries, especially crash wounds, was high, with 18 cases (64%). In both types of wounds with anterior course, we demonstrated bladder perforation in 2 cases, vascular damage in 2 and perforation of intestinal loops in 6. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Paradoxically, pelvic bone fractures may be "protective" for the pelvic content; however the involvement of large arteries and veins and multiple perforations of intestinal loops are no less dangerous than the upper abdominal wounds. CT is an important diagnostic tool that permits accurate and prompt evaluation of pelvic organs such as intestine, bladder and bone structures. Thus, CT permits prompt assessment of pelvic structures involvement by firearms wounds, which provides the clinician with useful imaging findings of bullet damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Unusual case of fire-arm injury].

A rare case of firearm-injury is described. The bullet getting into the sigmoid colon by the antiperistaltics was transferred into the colon transversum.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1984

Management of arm arterial injuries.

Management, morbidity, and mortality of arterial injuries of the arm are dependent upon site of injury, promptness and accuracy of diagnosis, and involvement of contiguous structures. To determine results and establish principles of management, a retrospective analysis was undertaken of 109 arm arterial injuries from the thoracic inlet to the wrist in 102 patients. Iatrogenic injuries were excluded. Arterial injuries were classified into those affecting the upper arm (subclavian, axillary, and brachial) and those affecting the lower arm (radial, ulnar, and interosseous). This proved to be a useful classification because of differences in management and results at these two levels. Thirty-six or one third of injuries involved the upper arm (13 subclavian, seven axillary, and 16 brachial) and 73 involved the lower arm (30 radial, 29 ulnar, 12 radioulnar, and two interosseous). Of the 19 individuals in hypovolemic shock when first examined, 12 (63%) had sustained upper arm injuries. Fifty-four percent of all patients had nerve involvement when initially examined, the majority (76%) sustaining lower arm injuries. Vein grafts were required during 19 repairs whereas resection and end-to-end repair were successful on 62 occasions. No synthetic grafts were used. Ligation alone was performed 18 times, only among those with lower arm injuries. Two patients died, both of hypoxic brain damage. Twenty-eight percent of patients suffered late disability despite an adequate vascular repair. Overall, 7% of patients with upper arm injuries and 21% of those with lower arm injuries were disabled when last seen. Upper arm arterial injuries are more of a threat to life than are lower arm injuries, but lower arm arterial injuries are more disabling, mainly because of associated nerve involvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Tolerance limit of human upper extremity with arm restraint plate on eject seat to simulated aerodynamic loads].

To obtain tolerance limit of human upper extremity with arm restraint plate on eject seat to windblast, impact was applied to the upper extremity of 13 human corpses and 7 living monkeys by a spring driven impact device. Relationship between impact load, moment of elbow joints and arm injuries with arm restraint plate were studied. Relationship between biomechanical characteristic curve of human elbow joint and clinical injuries was obtained. The results indicated that tolerance limit of human upper arm is higher than forearm. Safety limit of human anterior arm to simulated aerodynamic load is 1.26 kN.

Aerospace Medicine↗