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PubMed1987

Phenylketonuria in Kuwait and Arab countries.

Seven cases of phenylketonuria including a pair of siblings were detected among 451 institutionalized mentally retarded individuals in Kuwait. A further 13 cases from eight Arab families of different nationalities were ascertained among referral cases. The occurrence of phenylketonuria in Kuwait and other Arab countries is discussed in view of the high consanguinity rate and large family size. Our findings stress the need for neonatal screening.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

First international conference on infections in children in Arab countries.

This conference was the first of its kind but the need for similar meetings in the future was recognized by the participants. Considering the vast importance of infectious diseases in children in Arab countries, research in this area should receive a high priority in pediatrics. Improvements of diagnosis, management and prevention would appear particularly rewarding and could lead to significant results in a relatively short period of time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Comment on large gender difference on death anxiety in Arab countries.

In the recent interesting and excellent article by Abdel-Khalek (2) the large mean difference between Death Anxiety Scale (6) for males and females in Lebanon was noted. I have also noted such large differences in other studies with subjects in Arab countries (1, 3, 4). These studies and that of Abdel-Khalek (2) provide a total of 12 gender differences in four different countries--Egypt, Kuwait, Lebanon, and Libya. Although these large gender differences would be notable in comparison to those of most studies in the United States or other English-speaking countries, the comparison was made with the differences provided by the two studies that presented norms and norm-like information (5, 8). These two studies contain 12 pairs of means for both sexes. Eight of the 12 Arab difference means were higher than the highest American difference mean (chi 2 = 12.00, p less than .01). The reason(s) for the larger gender differences on death anxiety are not known, but it appears reasonable to suggest that in countries in which there are large sex-role differences that likely include bravery, men would be more expected to report lower death anxiety than women. Cross-cultural and demographic research with the recently developed Death Depression Scale (7) would likely yield interesting findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in Egypt and the neighboring Arab countries: a regional form with three different patterns of clinical expression.

Childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in the western world is essentially an acute self-limited disorder. In contrast, the clinical expression of the disease in Arab countries, as revealed by a study of 160 patients from Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Oatar and North Sudan, is heterogenous forming a spectrum that includes three distinct clinical forms: (a) the acute self-limited form, (b) the intermediate form, and (c) the chronic adulthood-like form. The relative proportions of these forms were 40. 15 and 45%, respectively. The chronic form shows limited response to steroids, and runs a platelet count less than 100,000 microliters for more than 1 year, with a tendency for later spontaneous elevation in platelet counts during the first few years of a long follow-up. The intermediate form shows a transient steroid-induced complete remission giving place to widely fluctuating platelet counts above and below 100,000 microliters once the steroid dosage is reduced to maintenance levels. Platelet counts in excess of 100,000 microliters were achieved in this group by extending steroid maintenance therapy fo 6--9 months. In spite of a tendency to chronicity and partial resistance to steroids i the intermediate and chronic forms, the overall response to steroids was enough both to reduce the number of cases requiring splenectomy to 15%, and to prevent the development of major complications in all the children included in the study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Childhood diabetes in Arab countries. Diabetes Epidemiology Research International Study Group.

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a chronic disease of childhood that is associated with high costs, mortality and morbidity, but which is of unknown etiology. Globally, the incidence and prevalence of the disease are highly variable. Study of IDDM among Arab children, who have similar genetic characteristics, but markedly different environmental backgrounds, could provide important insight into its cause. Few studies of IDDM in Arab populations have been carried out, but the limited data available indicate that there are marked variations in the risk of the disease and in its distribution between the sexes. It is therefore very important that IDDM registries be established in Arab countries since this could lead to a greater understanding of the disease and perhaps its prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Hospital quality management system in a low income Arabic country: an evaluation.

PURPOSE: The paper seeks to present findings from an evaluation of a quality management system implemented in a low-income country hospital. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: This is a single-case before and after evaluation. FINDINGS: The quality system, although only 70 per cent implemented, resulted in increasing compliance with a few selected standards and produced modest improvements in patient satisfaction and utilisation. Hospital doctors and managers wanted to continue to develop the system and described conditions they thought important to spread to other hospitals. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: No objective, clinical outcomes data were gathered, and the short timescale meant that the system was not fully implemented at the time of the evaluation. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: It is possible to improve patient care in rural hospitals with a few extra resources, in a culture not familiar with management processes, and to engage otherwise poorly motivated doctors in systematic improvement. However, certain conditions are necessary for introducing, sustaining and spreading quality improvement programmes. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This study and report is one of the first, detailed and systematic evaluations of a hospital quality management system in a highly resourced constrained situation in an Arabic country, which has implications for improving health care in other developing countries.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1990

[Psychiatric problems in patients from Arab countries].

In 1979-1988 at the Prague Psychiatric Clinic 26 patients from Arab areas were hospitalized. The reason for admission were acute mental disorders involving paranoid, paranoid hallucinatory, manic or depressive syndromes, alcoholism and aggressive behaviour. No bizarre or at least remote psychopathological symptoms were recorded. The author draws attention to the frequent incidence of alcoholism and aggressiveness: these manifestations are at variance with traditions of Arab morality. In the diagnostic evaluation syndromological conclusions proved more useful than nosological ones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

A splice junction mutation in intron 2 of the carbonic anhydrase II gene of osteopetrosis patients from Arabic countries.

Clinical manifestations in patients with carbonic anhydrase (CA) II deficiency include osteopetrosis, renal tubular acidosis, and cerebral calcification. Of the 39 reported cases of the carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome, 72% were patients from North African and Middle Eastern countries, most, if not all, of whom were of Arabic descent. We have analyzed DNAs from members of six unrelated Arabic kindreds and found five to be homozygous and one heterozygous for a novel splice junction (donor site) mutation at the 5' end of intron 2. These findings suggest that a common "Arabic" mutation may be the predominant cause of CA II deficiency in this region. The mutation introduces a new Sau3A1 restriction site which allows polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnosis of this mutation that should be useful in diagnosis, carrier detection, and prenatal diagnosis. The presence of mental retardation and relative infrequency of skeletal fractures distinguish the clinical course of the patients with the Arabic mutation from those of the American and Belgian patients with the His 107-->Tyr mutation.

Acidosis, Renal Tubular↗