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PubMed1979

Sperm antibody activity in human fallopian tube fluid.

Fallopian tube fluid and sera from 33 fertile and 48 infertile patients were investigated for spermatozoal antibodies by gelatin agglutination, immobilization, and indirect immunofluorescence tests. Oviductal fluids were obtained as washings after tubal catheterization. The incidences of antisperm activity in oviductal washings ranged from 9% to 58.3% depending on the tests used. These incidences were higher in infertile patients. Only immunoglobulin (Ig) A antisperm antibody was significantly more common in infertile patients than in fertile patients (P less than 0.01). Gelatin agglutination and antisperm IgG activity in the oviductal washings could be correlated to that in the sera. No relationship was seen between antisperm activity in the oviductal washings and that in the sera for sperm immobilization antibodies and IgA antisperm antibodies.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Etiology of nongonococcal urethritis.

Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the urethra from 48 (42 per cent) of 113 men with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), four (7 per cent) of 58 without overt urethritis, and 13 (19 per cent) of 69 with gonorrhea. Postgonococcal urethritis (PGU) developed in 11 of 11 men who had C. trum antibody to C. trachomatisis developed. The immunotype specificity of chlamydial antibody corresponded to the immunotype isolated. Among culture-negative patients. chlamydial antibody prevalence correlated with the number of past sex partners and with previous NGU. Herpesvirus hominis, cytomegalovirus, T-mycoplasma, Mycoplasma hominis, other bacteria, and Trichomonas vaginalis were not implicated in NGU or PGU. Thus, the cause of chlamydia-negative NGU and PGU remains obscure. Endocervical chlamydia were found in sex partners of 15 of 22 NGU patients with and two of 24 without urethral chlamydial infection (p smaller than 0.001). Tetracycline treatment of both sex partners appears advisable.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1979

The immune response to vasectomy and its relation to the HLA system.

We examined 188 men who had undergone vasectomy up to 6 years previously and, for comparative purposes, 100 men who were about to undergo the operation. Blood specimens were available from a total of 283 men. Sperm antibody assays using immunofluorescence, microagglutination, and microimmobilization confirmed that the prevalance of several types of antibody is higher after vasectomy. Immobilizing and agglutinating antibodies appeared to be the most important. Trends in antibody prevalence according to the time after the operation were analyzed. Screening against lymphocytes and lymphoid lines showed that the anti-sperm activity of era was not related to anti-HLA or anti-Ia activity. Associations were examined between different types of sperm antibody, and between these antibodies and autoantibodies to other antigens. When antibody prevalence was studied in relation to HLA types, the HLA antigen A28 was found to be strongly associated with production of head agglutinating antibody (and immobilizing and immunofluorescent equatorial antibodies) after vasectomy. This is one of the first clear-cut examples of antibody production associated with the HLA system.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1976

Translation of the mRNA for rabbit uteroglobin in cell-free systems. Evidence for a precursor protein.

Uteroglobin, an hormonally induced protein composed of two similar subunits, represents around 50% of the proteins synthesized and secreted into the uterine lumen of rabbits treated sequentially with estradiol and progesterone. The endometrium of these animals was used as a source for the isolation of the mRNA for uteroglobin. Poly(A)-rich RNA, extracted from purified polysomes with phenol chloroform and isolated on oligo(dT)-cellulose columns, contains one fourth of the total protein coding activity of the endometrium. Between 20--25% of the polypeptides synthesized by this RNA in cell-free systems derived from Krebs II ascites cells or wheat germs react with a monospecific antiserum prepared in guinea pigs against uteroglobin. The material bound to the antibody was identified as a precursor of uteroglobin according to the following criteria. 1. The product synthesized in vitro can be displaced from the complex with the specific immunoglobulin by purified uteroglobin. 2. Analysis of the immunoprecipitate on polyacrylamide gels containing urea and dodecylsulfate demonstrate the existence of a single labelled polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight larger than the uteroglobin subunits. 3. The tryptic digest of this polypeptide, labelled in vitro with [3H]lysine, shares seven peptides with mature uteroglobin labelled with the same amino acid in perfused uteri, and exhibits and additional peptide not present in uteroglobin. 4. Injection of the same mRNA preparation into Xenopus oocytes results in the production of uteroglobin. The endometrium of intact animals treated with estradiol alone also contains the same mRNA bound to polysomes but in a smaller proportion, indicating that the progesterone-induced synthesis of uteroglobin is accompanied by an accumulation of the specific mRNA in the polysomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Determination of sperm-antibodies in sera of sterile women by affinity-chromatography (affinity-chromatography of sperm-antibodies).

The total amount of humoral sperm antibody protein is determined following its isolation by affinity-chromatography on spermatozoa. Serum proteins are eluted by Sorensen phosphate buffer. Antibodies attached to spermatozoa suspended in Sephadex G 75 columns resist elution by Sorensen buffer. They can be quantitatively washed out by 8 ml Tris HCl-buffer pH 8,9 and be determined as proteins by the Folin-Ciocalteu method.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1979

Experimental findings with spermantibodies: condom therapy (a case report).

A couple with no demonstrable cause for their infertility, except for a pronounced antisperm activity in the blood serum of the female partner, were instructed to use a condom while our laboratory monitored the wifes antibody titer. The antibody activity declined sufficiently and an artificial husband insemination were performed after seven months of therapy. A precise report of the spermantibody activity over an eleven month period are given by the authors.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1978

Sex hormones and the immune response. II. Perturbation of antibody production by estradiol 17beta.

The administration of 75 microgram/kg of estradiol 17beta at successively later stages in the immune response of female guinea pigs to penicilloyl-coupled cavian globulins showed that this steroid reduces the rate of attainment of the maximum titer, the magnitude of the titer achieved, and the rate of titer decay. Control titers maximized at the third experimental week and diminished to one third the peak value by the 6th week. When steroid treatment was begun coincidentally with inoculation (week 0), the peak titer was delayed by 3 weeks, and by 2 weeks when hormone priming was begun at week 1 or 2. The highest antibody titers achieved in the presence of estrogen were 25-30% lower than those of sesame oil controls. The greatest immunosuppressive effect was observed when estradiol was given at the peak of the immune response, the titer dropping by 50% and remaining at that level for the next 4 weeks in spite of continued antigen inoculation and steroid treatment. Titer decay after the end of the inoculation course was prevented by estradiol but not by progesterone, CHP, or these same oil vehicle.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Examination of the role of FSH in periovulatory events in the hamster.

The need for endogenous FSH in the periovulatory events such as oocyte maturation, ovulation, luteinization, maintenance of luteal function and follicular maturation was examined in the cyclic hamster. A specific antiserum to ovine FSH, shown to be free of antibodies to LH and to cross-react with FSH of the hamster, was used to neutralize endogenous FHS at various times. Administration of this antiserum during pro-oestrus did not affect oocyte maturation and ovulation, as judged by the normality of the ova to undergo fertilization and normal implantation. It also had no effect on the process of luteinization or on the maintenance of luteal function as indicated by the normal levels of plasma and luteal progesterone during pro-oestrus and oestrus during the cycle and in pregnancy. All these processes were, however, disrupted by administration of an antiserum to ovine LH, thereby demonstrating their dependence on endogenous LH. Although FSH antiserum given at pro-oestrus did not prevent the imminent ovulation, it blocked the ovulation occurring at oestrus of the next cycle. This antiserum was effective in preventing the ensuing ovulation when given at any other time of the cycle until the morning of pro-oestrus. It is concluded that, in the hamster, high levels of FSH during pro-oestrus and oestrus are required for initiating maturation of a new set of follicles which are dependent on the trophic support of FSH throughout the cycle until the morning of pro-oestrus. Such follicles then appear to need only LH for subsequent ovulatory and associated processes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antibodies to spermatozoa. VII humoral and cellular aspects of sperm inmunity and infertility.

The occurrence of sperm antibody in serum and cervical mucus of women from intertile couples in the serum of their male partners, as well as cellular immunity to sperm, has been studied by agglutination and immobilization techniques. For a total of about 260 couples, the tests on serum showed that 18% of the women and 8% of the men were positive by the Kibrick technique and that 15% of the women and 4% of the men were positive by the F-D technique. The women who were positive in their cervical mucus were 8% of the group by the K-agg (Kibrick agglutination) technique, 2% by the MIS-agg. (Microscale agglutination) technique, and 40% by the MIS-imm. (Microscale immobilization) tecnique. In considering all three techniques. 42% of a group of 132 women were positive. Cellular immunity to sperm, by the Migration Inhibition method, was positive in 18% and zero per cent of infertile and fertile women, respectively.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1976

Attempt at "immunological castration" as an approach to the problem of the involvement of testosterone in control of expression of certain mouse antigens.

Adult male mice of the strain B10.A were immunized with a testosterone-protein conjugate, testosterone 3-(O-CARBOXYMETHYL)-oxime-bovine serum albumin which contained 27-75 steroid residues/mol BSA. Two different immunization doses of the conjugate were used, respectively, 2 x 40 mug and 2 x 200 mug in complete Freund's adjuvant or in alum adjuvant. There were two groups of control males, non-immunized and immunized with BSA in adjuvant. In the pooled immune sera, antibodies to testosterone were determined by radioimmunoassay; their titre ranged between 7 and 10. On histological sections of testes, inhibition of spermatogenesis (manifested by a sower frequency or even absence of tubules producing mature sperm, reduced frequency of tubular cells and their degenerative changes) was observed in almost all males immunized with the higher dose of the conjugate. In such animals, increased frequency of interstitial cells (except vascular elements) and enlarged nuclei of Leydig cells were found. In spite of these signs of a hyperproduction of testosterone by the Leydig cells, the product seemed to have lacked its normal biological activity as suggested not only by the low activity of spermatogenesis, but also by a significantly subnormal level of the androgen-dependent serum protein Ss.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Sperm autoantibodies as a consequence of vasectomy. II. Long-term follow-up studies.

Thirty-four out of fifty-two vasectomized men studied previously were studied again about 5 years after vasectomy for sperm-agglutinating and sperm-immoblizing antibodies, and for antibodies to human protamine. Only one man lost his already weak antibody activity, whilst one out of eight men, negative at 1 year, appeared to be positive at 5 years. Slightly higher titres in one of the three sperm antibody tests were found in the sera of about 30% of the men. Only in three (9%) was there a rise of two or more steps in more than one technique. Agglutinins and immobilizins were shown to be strongly correlated, as was the case with antibodies to human protamine and head-to-head agglutinins. Seminal plasma sperm agglutinins were detected in the samples of only four (out of thirty) men, in low titres. Circulating immune complexes tested with various techniques were only found in a few sera and not consistently. This prolonged study shows that sperm autoantibodies formed within 1 year after vasectomy are persistent. Their role in remaining infertility after reanastomosis requires further study.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1977

Ultrasound as a new method of male contraception.

Twenty male cats were treated once or twice with 1 watt/sq cm of ultrasound for 10 minutes. Each of 24 male dogs received one to three treatments with 1 watt/sq cm for 10 minutes. Another six dogs were treated with 2 watts/sq cm for 15 minutes. Four Cebus apella monkeys were treated with the same dosage as that used for the cats and dogs. A dosage of 1 watt/sq cm for 10 minutes was also applied to four human patients without the use of anesthetics, and no pain or side effects were noted. In all treated animals as well as in human patients the results indicate that ultrasound significantly suppresses spermatogenesis according to the dosage and frequency of treatment, without any effect on Leydig cells or blood testosterone levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The transient HLA antigenic loss dependent on hormonal state of organism in a healthy woman.

In a healthy 44-year-old female blood donor with HLA phenotype HLA-A 2, A 10/B 7, BW 15 repeatedly the transient loss of HLA antigens was proved during the menstrual period and supposed ovulation. Within the interval between menstruation and ovulation the antigens could reliably be proved. The results support the view that in women hormonal effects may influence the HLA antigenic expressivity. The significance of this observation for reliable typing of HLA antigens in women is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The heterocytotoxicity of human serum. III. Studies of the serum levels and distribution of activity in human populations.

A metabolic inhibition assay has been employed to investigate the distribution of serum heterocytotoxicity mediated by natural antibody activating the classical complement pathway and by antibody-independent activation of the alternative complement pathway in human serum samples derived from various groups of individuals. Levels in female cancer patients and in women taking oral contraceptives were significantly elevated over normal controls. Newborn infants exhibited approximately half of the average adult levels. Levels were maximally elevated in patients with visceral cancer, particularly in individuals with adenocarcinomas, while patients with sarcomas exhibited reduced levels. These and other data derived from the literature suggest that the metabolic inhibition assay may provide a useful measure of natural antibody and activation of the alternate complement pathway representative of mechanisms of natural immunity vs tumours.

Adult↗