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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Effects of Saponin B from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge on tau hyperphosphorylation induced by beta-amyloid peptide (25-35) in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in the expressions of p53, DKK (the inhibitor of Wnt pathway) and phosphorylated tau in rat bilateral hippocampus after beta-amyloid peptide (beta-AP) (25-35) injection, and observe the effect of saponin B from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge (SAaB) in this model. METHODS: After bilateral injection of beta-AP (25-35) into the hippocampus of rats, RT-PCR was performed for observing the changes in p53 and DKK mRNA expressions and immunochemistry carried out to detect the changes in phosphorylated tau protein. RESULTS: RT-PCR showed increased p53 and DKK mRNA expression and immunochemistry revealed increased phosphorylated tau-positive cells in rat hippocampus after beta-AP (25-35) injection, and administration of SAaB significantly ameliorated these changes. CONCLUSION: SAaB can significantly ameliorate beta-AP-induced tau hyperphosphorylation by inhibiting increased p53 and DKK mRNA expressions in response to beta-AP injection.

Amyloid beta-Peptides↗
PubMed1999

Effect of steroidal saponins of Anemarrhenae rhizoma on superoxide generation in human neutrophils.

Effect of six steroidal saponins isolated from Anemarrhenae rhizoma on superoxide generation in human neutrophils was investigated. The steroidal saponins examined were anemarrhenasaponin-I (An-I), anemarrhenasaponin-Ia (An-Ia), timosaponin B-I (TB-I), timosaponin B-II (TB-II), timosaponin B-III (TB-III) and timosaponin A-III (TA-III). An-I, An-Ia, and TB-III suppressed the superoxide generations induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and arachidonic acid (AA) in a concentration-dependent manner, but enhanced that induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). While TB-II also suppressed and enhanced the superoxide generations induced by fMLP and PMA, respectively, the compound significantly enhanced the AA-induced superoxide generation. TB-I enhanced the fMLP-induced superoxide generation in a low concentration range (peak at 40 microM), gave no effect on the PMA-induced superoxide generation and weakly enhanced the AA-induced superoxide generation. TA-III enhanced the fMLP-induced superoxide generation more than twice as much as that by TB-I in the same concentration range. However, TA-III enhanced the PMA-induced superoxide generation and most significantly suppressed the AA-induced superoxide generation.

Arachidonic Acid↗
PubMed2001

Growth inhibition and apoptosis of gastric cancer cell lines by Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge.

In this study, we aimed to determine the growth inhibition and the induction of apoptotic cell death brought about by the herb Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge in gastric cancer cell lines, and to clarify the mechanism of this apoptosis. Water-soluble ingredients of A. asphodeloides, and the gastric cancer cell lines, MKN45 and KATO-III, were used in vitro. Growth inhibition, induction of cell death, morphological features, the presence of DNA ladders, increases in caspase-3-like activity, the effects of a caspase-3 inhibitor on apoptotic cell death, and the release of cytochrome c by A. asphodeloides were analyzed. A. asphodeloides inhibited the growth and decreased the viability of the gastric cancer cell lines. The viability of normal skin fibroblasts in the presence of low concentrations of A. asphodeloides was higher than that of gastric cancer cells. Apoptotic bodies and DNA ladders were observed to be induced in MKN45 and KATO-III by A. asphodeloides. The caspase 3 inhibitor, Ac-DEVD-CHO, inhibited the apoptotic cell death of gastric cancer cells induced by A. asphodeloides. The caspase 3-like activity in MKN45 and KATO-III cells increased after the addition of A. asphodeloides. Cytochrome c was released from mitochondria into the cytosol 8 h after the addition of A. asphodeloides, and reached a peak at 16 h. The peak of cytochrome c release was earlier than that of caspase 3-like activity. We concluded that A. asphodeloides inhibited the growth of the gastric cancer cell lines MKN45 and KATO-III and induced apoptosis. The apoptosis of MKN45 and KATO-III cells induced by A. asphodeloides was associated with the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria, followed by an increase in caspase 3-like activity.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2002

Effect of timosaponin A-III, from Anemarrhenae asphodeloides Bunge (Liliaceae), on calcium mobilization in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells and on vascular tension.

The effects of timosaponin A-III (TA-III), from Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, on Ca(2+) mobilization in vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells and on vascular tension have been explored. TA-III increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)](i)) in endothelials cells at a concentration larger than 5 microM with an EC(50) of 15 microM, and increased [Ca(2+)](i) in smooth muscle cells at a concentration larger than 1 microM with an EC(50) of 8 microM. Within 5 min, the [Ca(2+)](i) signal was composed of a gradual rise, and the speed of rising depended on the concentration of TA-III. The [Ca(2+)](i) signal was abolished by removing extracellular Ca(2+) and was recovered after reintroduction of Ca(2+). The TA-III-induced [Ca(2+)](i) increases in smooth muscle cells were partly inhibited by 10 microM nifedipine or 50 microM La(3+), but was insensitive to 10 microM verapamil and diltiazem. TA-III (10-100 microM) inhibited 0.3 microM phenylephrine-induced vascular contraction, which was abolished by pretreatment with 100 microM N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) or by denuding the aorta. TA-III also increased [Ca(2+)](i) in renal tubular cells with an EC(50) of 8 microM. Collectively, the results show for the first time that TA-III causes [Ca(2+)](i) increases in the vascular system. TA-III acted by causing Ca(2+) influx without releasing intracellular Ca(2+). TA-III induced relaxation of phenylephrine-induced vascular contraction via inducing release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Detection of antifungal activity in Anemarrhena asphodeloides by sensitive BCT method and isolation of its active compound.

Antifungal activity was detected from Anemarrhena asphodeloides by the Bio-Cell Tracer (BCT) method. An active fraction was separated by silica gel column chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC. The molecular weight was determined by GC-MS, and the molecular structure was analyzed by IR, (1)H NMR, and (13)C NMR. The isolated compound was found to be identical to nyasol, (Z)-1, 3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene, which formerly appeared in the literature without any remark on the antifungal activity. This compound showed antimicrobial activity against 38 strains of fungi and five strains of bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged from 12.5 to 200 microg mL(-)(1), except for two strains based on the broth dilution method.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1993

Isolation of pseudoprototimosaponin AIII from rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides and its hypoglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

A hot-H2O extract of rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, the Japanese sino-medicine "chimo," lowered the blood glucose level in alloxan-diabetic mice. Hypoglycemic activity-guided fractionation isolated a new glycoside, pseudoprototimosaponin AIII [1], which was compared with chemically known prototimosaponin AIII [2]. These compounds exhibited hypoglycemic effects in a dose-dependent manner in streptozotocin-diabetic mice but showed no effects on glucose uptake and insulin release, suggesting that the hypoglycemic mechanism may be due to inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis and/or glycogenolysis.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

In vitro synergism between nyasol, an active compound isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides, and azole agents against Candida albicans.

The antifungal activity of nyasol (NYS) alone or with various antifungal agents was measured in vitro against Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. NYS is a compound recently purified from a medicinal plant, Anemarrhena asphodeloides. Among 12 agents, miconazole (MCZ), ketoconazole (KCZ), clotrimazole (CTZ), and cerulenin showed marked synergistic effects against C. albicans. The fractional inhibition concentration (FIC) indices against 4 strains of C. albicans were 0.067-0.31 for MCZ plus NYS, 0.078-0.31 for KCZ plus NYS, and 0.098-0.13 for CTZ plus NYS. These values indicate the possibility of using NYS as an adjuvant to azole agents in the chemotherapy of candidiasis.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1997

New spirostanol glycosides from Anemarrhena asphodeloides.

Two new spirostanol saponins, named anemarsaponin F (2b) and G (4b), along with six known spirostanol saponins were obtained from the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge. On the basis of spectral analyses and chemical evidence, the structures of 2b and 4b were established as neogitogenin 3-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2) [beta-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-galactopyranoside) and lilagenin 3-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta- glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-galactopyranoside, respectively.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1999

Steroidal saponins from Anemarrhena asphodeloides and their effects on superoxide generation.

A new steroidal saponin, timosaponin F, along with six known compounds was isolated from the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence, the structure of timosaponin F was elucidated as (5beta, 25 S):-spirostan-3beta,15alpha,23alpha-triol-3-O-beta- glucopyranosyl-(1--->2)-beta-galactopyranoside. The six known compounds were anemarrhenasaponin I, anemarrhenasaponin Ia, timosaponin BI, timosaponin BII, timosaponin B, timosaponin AIII; their effects on superoxide generation are also reported.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
PubMed2001

Antidiabetic activity of the rhizoma of Anemarrhena asphodeloides and active components, mangiferin and its glucoside.

The antidiabetic activity of the rhizoma of Anemarrhena asphodeloides was investigated in KK-Ay mice, an animal model of genetic type 2 diabetes. The water extract of the rhizoma (AA) (90 mg/kg) reduced blood glucose levels from 570 +/- 29 to 401 +/- 59 mg/dl 7 h after oral administration (p<0.05) and also tended to reduce serum insulin levels in KK-Ay mice. AA-treated KK-Ay mice had significantly reduced blood glucose levels in an insulin tolerance test. Based on these results, the antidiabetic mechanism of AA may be due to decreased insulin resistance. In addition, the active components of AA were confirmed to be mangiferin and its glucoside.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

New steroidal saponins from the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge (Liliaceae).

From the rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge (Liliaceae), four new steroidal saponins named anemarrhenasaponins I-IV (1-4) were isolated, together with known saponins, timosaponin A-III (5), marcogenin diglycoside (6) and timosaponin B-II (7) and a xanthone C-glycoside, mangiferin. These saponins are coprostane type steroidal glycosides. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy↗
PubMed1991

[Saponins of anemarrhenae rhizoma].

Three steroidal saponins 3, 4 and 5a were newly isolated from Anemarrhenae Rhizoma. Compounds 3 and 4 were identical with desgalactotigonin and F-gitonin, respectively. Compound 5a was established as (25S)-26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-22-hydroxy-5 beta-furostane-3 beta,26-diol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----2)-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
PubMed1997

[Effect of processing on chemical composition and medical activity of rhizoma Anemarrhenae].

A comparative study was conducted on the chemical composition and medical activity of different kinds of processed drug of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae. It was found that the content of effective components of zhimu was affected obviously by processing: the rhizome should not be barked when used as drug. It was also observed that different kind of processed drug should be used in line with different particular circumstance.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Isolation and structure determination of xanthone glycosides of Anemarrhena asphodeloides].

Xilingzhimu, the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge (Liliaceae), has been prescribed as antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic and hypoglycemic agents in Chinese traditional medicine. In this paper, two xanthone glycosides I and II, were isolated from Xilingzhimu by conventional method. The structures of I and II were identified on the basis of chemical reactions and UV, IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and DEPT. Compound I was identified as mangiferin and II is a new compound, named neomangiferin. Its structure is 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-mangiferin.

Glucosides↗
PubMed2000

[Effect of tsaoko-anemarrhenae decoction on intracerebral c-fos, c-jun mRNA expression in interrupting pentylentetrazol kindled epileptic rat model].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the molecular biological mechanism of anti-epileptic effect of Tsaoko-Anemarrhenae decoction (TAD) on epileptic model rats. METHODS: The pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced epileptic Sprague-Dawley rats were selected as the animal model. The effects of TAD on the c-fos, c-jun gene expression in the rats' brain were observed by in situ hybridisation. RESULTS: The c-fos, c-jun gene expression was obviously increased, TAD could effectively block the gene expression of c-fos, c-jun, showing better antiepileptic effect. CONCLUSION: The mechanism of TAD anti-epileptic effect might be correlated to the decrease of c-fos, c-jun gene expression.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Studies on the active constituents of Anemarrhena asphodeloides bunge].

From the ethanol extract of the Anemarrhena asphodeloides Buge (Liliaceae), a new steroidal suponin anemarsaponin B and two known saponins anemarsaponin A1 and A2 were isolated. On the basis of chemical evidences and spectral analysis (UV, IR, EI-MS, FAB-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR), the structure of anemarsaponin B was elucidated as 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylfurost-20(22)-ene-3 beta,26-diol-3-O-beta-D- glucopyranosyl(1----2)-beta-D-galactopyranoside. Preliminary pharmacological tests showed that anemarsaponin B could inhibit PAF-induced rabbit platelet aggregation in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[TLC-densitometric determination of sarsasapogenin in Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge].

The sarsasapogenin content in Anemarrhena asphodeloides and its preparations was assayed by TLC-densitometric method. The developing solvent used was benzene-acetone (9:1). The chromatographic plate was sprayed with a mixture of 8% vanillin in alcoholic solution-70% H2SO4 solution (0.5:5). This plate was scanned using 445 nm as wavelength lambda s and 600 nm as wavelength lambda s.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗