[Stages of development of allergic disorder of bronchila patency in bronchial asthma].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “Allergic disorders”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Diagnosis and treatment of allergic disorders.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Allergens↗
Antihistamines: pharmacology and clinical use.
Antihistamines are a diverse group of drugs which possess the ability to inhibit various histaminic actions. By and large, they bear a certain structural resemblance to histamine, and act principally to prevent histamine-receptor interaction through competition with histamine for histamine receptors. Consequently, they are helpful therapeutically in preventing, rather than reversing, histaminic actions. Individual antihistaminic drugs act to inhibit histaminic action at one or another histamine receptor (H1 or H2-receptor), but not at both receptors. The large number of antihistaminics which have been available for many years and employed chiefly as 'antiallergic' drugs are classified as H1-receptor inhibitors; they are most effective therapeutically in inhibiting manifestations of histamine-induced wheal and erythema formation and pruritus. H2-receptor inhibitors, agents which are able to inhibit histamine-induced gastric acid secretion, have been developed more recently. Antihistaminics in general and H1-receptor inhibitors in particular, exert a wide variety of pharmacological activities. Their use is frequently accompanied by undesirable side-effects, notably CNS depression, dryness of mucous membranes, and gastrointestinal effects. Used judiciously and in proper dosage, antihistaminic drugs are helpful in the control of allergic disorders, allergic rhinitis and urticaria in particular; newly developed H2-receptor inhibitors show therapeutic promise in the treatment of peptic ulceration.
Administration, Topical↗
The conflicting role of parasitic infections in modulating the prevalence of asthma.
Nothwithstanding difficulties associated with the limitations of survey techniques and methodology employed to define asthma, the evidence accumulated to date suggests that the reported differences in the prevalence rates of this disease from country to country and within local populations of the one country are real. It is accepted that allergy is not the sole cause of asthma but nonetheless hypersensitivity to environmental allergens is a significant triggering factor in most countries of the world. Comparisons between countries might therefore be influenced by the time of the year when the survey is taken since the prevalence of seasonal asthma would be higher in the period of pollinosis. Environmental factors, and in particular the relative atmospheric concentrations of pollens and the density of house dust mite (D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae) in dwellings, must therefore be considered when accumulating prevalence data. The prevalence rate for childhood asthma is high in Australia, United Kingdom, United States of America and New Zealand, and medium to low in the Scandinavian countries and Switzerland. It is not clear what factors contribute toward these differences since several studies indicate that racial characteristics per se are not pre-eminent in defining susceptibility to asthma. Most surveys indicate that the prevalence of childhood asthma is low to very low among low-income populations living in tropical areas. While it is possible to implicate inadequate diagnosis, genetic factors, nutritional status and allergen exposure as factors contributing towards the low prevalence, it has become fashionable to attribute this observation to the influence of certain helminthic infections. Parasites stimulate the production of high levels of serum IgE, the bulk of which has as yet an undetermined specificity. The suggestion that this IgE blocks mast cell receptors leaving insufficient sites available for sensitization by allergen-specific IgE antibody is attractive. However, since the kinetics of binding to mast cell receptors is unlikely to be the same for all IgE molecules, irrespective of their specificity, this hypothesis appears to be an oversimplification of the problem. It is more likely that parasitic infections repress the synthesis of IgE antibody to environmental allergens, although the mechanism for this is unclear. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the time course of exposure to parasites versus sensitization by environmental allergens may be critical. Another possibility is that parasitic infections in some way nullify the effect of allergens at the level of the target organ, perhaps through the modulating role of eosinophils. If it is established that parasitic infections, particularly in early childhood, suppress the capacity of potentially atopic children to develop asthma and other allergic disorders, there would be some justification in attempting to circumvent allergic disorders in susceptible individuals by a harmless preparation of parasite antigens.
Adolescent↗
[Effect of treatment on the dynamics of olfactory disorders in allergic respiratory diseases].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Humans↗
[Vascular disorders in allergic diatheses].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
[Immunological aspects in lung diseases (author's transl)].
The immunological aspects of allergic disorders of the lung (Type I-IV by Gell and Coombs, drug hypersensitivity, auto-immune diseases) and non-allergic lung diseases (emphysema in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, bronchial carcinoma) are described. The short review is closed with remarks about the immunological defence in the bronchial mucosa.
Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease↗
Comparisons among HC 20-211 (Ketotifen), clemastine, DSCG and beclomethasone dipropionate in nasal challenge.
Nasal challenge tests were used to compare the protective effect of pre-treatment with HC 20-511 (Ketotifen), a new antiallergic compound, clemastine, DSCG and beclomethasone dipropionate in 14 patients with hay fever. HC 20-511 and clemastine were tested in a double-blind fashion and DSCG and beclomethasone openly. Most of the patients experienced an intense nasal reaction when challenged with pollens without pre-treatment. The intensity of nasal reactions was determined by subjective symptoms, clinical findings and nasal peak expiratory flow values. All the drugs tested relieved the symptoms and signs induced by pollens in nasal challenge tests. This tendency was not, however, statistically significant for any of the drugs. When using the changes in nasal expiratory flow rate as a criterion of protectiveness, the differences among the compounds tested were also slight. HC 20-511 seems to be a promising antiallergic agent. However, long term clinical trials still are needed to establish its efficacy in various allergic disorders.
Adolescent↗
Population and family studies to demonstrate Ir genes: HLA haplotype in atopic allergy.
47 normal healthy controls and 45 atopic individuals together with five families with allergic diathesis and sensitive to mite antigen were typed for 13 HLA antigens. In general population, HLA-A1 and HLA-A8 were found to be higher than in normal controls. But the difference was significant at a level of p 0.05 after correction was made for the number of HLA antigens used. In one family, an HLA-A1 -B8 haplotype seems to be linked to the manifestation of atopic disease. The pattern of association of an HLA-A9 -B7 haplotype with the disease process in another family indicates that multiple genes may be involved in the manifestation of a variety of allergic disorders. Although more than one HLA haplotype of HLA-associated Ir gene for one antigen have been postulated, we still do not have enough evidence to suggest linkage between HLA haplotypes and atopic allergy. Further studies utilizing mixed lymphocyte culture and carefully matched control with a large number of subjects and more families are in progress to study the genetic basis of allergic diseases.
Asthma↗
Eosinophilic cystitis. A study of 16 cases.
The authors describe 16 examples of eosinophilic cystitis. Cases were predominately in older men, and usually were associated with other conditions of the bladder or prostate. In contrast, most of the 21 cases reported in the English language were in women and children who had a low incidence of associated bladder conditions, but often had allergic disorders and eosinophilia. It appears that either bladder injury or allergy predisposes to eosinophilic cystitis. The bladder-injury type probably occurs fairly commonly and can be misdiagnosed both clinically and pathologically. In most of the present series, the clinical diagnosis was carcinoma of the bladder, and some biopsy specimens superficially resembled specimens from cases of nonspecific chronic inflammation. There was muscle necrosis in most examples, and significant replacement fibrosis of muscle in all the latter sometimes masquerading as mucosal fibrosis. Giemsa stain for eosinophils and trichrome stain for muscle fibrosis are helpful diagnostic aids. Also, eosinophilic cystitis appears related to allergic cystitis and interstitial cystitis.
Aged↗
Immunology of the gut: role of the eosinophil.
The gut wall is one of the conspicuous sites of eosinophil accumulation, presumably because of local chemotactic stimuli. It is reasonable to assume that one chemotactic factor is released by the mast cell, which is often found in proximity to the eosinophil. The association of eosinophils and eosinophilia with allergic disorders has long been recognized, and recent work has shown that increased eosinophil production is mediated by the lymphocyte. That process shares characteristics with other immunological actions. An increased rate of eosinophil tissue accumulation and destruction may be the factor which initiates the mechanism for increased production. None of many hypotheses about the 'function' of the eosinophil is substantiated; nevertheless it seems likely that this member of the immunological apparatus, which tends to be distributed in the front line (mucosal and cutaneous tissues), fulfils some normal protective or homeostatic function. Aside from that assumed normal function, there is growing clinical evidence that eosinophils can at times cause host injury, for example in such states as eosinophilic gastroenteritis and endomyocarditis.
Animals↗
Human milk oligosaccharides and polyphenols: Mechanisms, effects, and applications in allergies.
Human milk offers the best nutrition to the infant, which is crucial for the child's proper development and health status across the lifespan. Besides providing the substances optimally supplying the baby with energy and building materials, breast milk contains several immunometabolically active components. Those include molecules fully de novo synthesized by the mother, such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMO), and substances of nonhuman origin, transferred to the infant through mother's milk, such as dietary plant polyphenols. In this review, we outline the basic biology of HMO and polyphenols and deeply characterize their effects on the development of allergic disorders on the basis of available literature reporting data from in vitro, animal, and human studies. Further, we review the abundance of HMO and polyphenols, commonly present in mother's milk, and their mutual interactions in the context of the mechanisms underlying predisposition to, or protection against, the development of allergies. Finally, we discuss the potential of HMO and polyphenols in allergy prevention and therapy.
Humans↗
Effects of positive psychotherapy on anxiety and quality of life in chronic Urticaria.
INTRODUCTION: Individual, social, and economic consequences including anxiety and poor quality of life are recognised to result from allergic disorders. A positive, realistic viewpoint that emphasises balance and the body is provided by positive psychotherapy. The purpose of this randomized, controlled intervention study was to investigate how counseling based on positive psychotherapy affected anxiety and quality of life. METHODS: Patients in the intervention group had eight sessions of individual counseling based on positive psychotherapy in addition to standard treatment. Other than standard care, the members of the control group received no interventions. The Dermatological Quality of Life Scale (DYQS), Urticaria Activity Score, State-Trait Anxiety Scale, and Personal Information Form were employed as data collection instruments. The study had 66 patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU), 32 of whom were in the intervention group and 34 of whom were in the control group. RESULTS: The mean scores of the intervention group decreased significantly from pre-test to post-test for urticaria activity (UAS7: 28.22 ± 11.17 to 4.22 ± 4.30, p < 0.001), dermatological quality of life (DLQI: 38.63 ± 7.61 to 5.09 ± 6.19, p < 0.001), situational anxiety (61.63 ± 7.73 to 26.03 ± 4.71, p < 0.001), and trait anxiety (61.56 ± 7.90 to 25.13 ± 3.66, p < 0.001). Furthermore, post-test scores between the intervention and control groups showed statistically significant differences in favor of the intervention group in all primary outcomes, including the total UAS7 score (intervention: 4.22 ± 4.30 vs. control: 21.56 ± 11.81, p < 0.001) and the total dermatological quality of life score (intervention:5.09 ± 6.19 vs. control:30.85 ± 10.17, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Counseling based on positive psychotherapy has been shown to improve people's quality of life while lowering anxiety and urticaria symptoms. This study demonstrates how these treatments can enhance the quality of life for patients with chronic urticaria by lowering their anxiety and illness symptoms.
Humans↗
Frequency of atopy and allergy in an anaesthetic patient population.
Ten thousand patients presenting for anaesthesia in the British Isles were questioned about a possible history of atopic or allergic disorders. The overall percentage frequency of atopy was 8.5, comprising eczema 2.4, hay fever 3.8 and asthma 3.5. The frequency of allergies was 13.5, of which penicillin was the most common (6.2). Females had a significantly greater frequency of atopy or allergy than males. Patients with a history of atopic disorders had a higher frequency of allergies than the non-atopic group (36.2% compared with 11.4%) and vice versa.
Adolescent↗
The effect of sodium cromoglycate on analgesic-induced asthmatic reactions.
The onset of increased airways obstruction after analgesic ingestion by asthmatics with analgesic idiosyncrasy suggests an immediate type 1 allergic response. The effect of sodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on this response was assessed in nineteen patients with this syndrome. DSCG prevented asthmatic attacks in only three patients, all non-atopic, suggesting that analgesic idiosyncrasy is not an allergic disorder, The effectiveness of DSCG in preventing asthmatic attacks in some patients with analgesic idiosyncrasy would suggest that a trial of this preparation should be undertaken before commencing continuous corticosteroid therapy.
Asthma↗
The danger of "yellow dyes" (tartrazine) to allergic subjects.
Oral administration of 50 mg tartrazine to 122 patients with a variety of allergic disorders caused the following reactions: general weakness, heatwaves, palpitations, blurred vision, rhinorrhoea, feeling of suffocation, pruritus and urticaria. There was activation of the fibrinolytic pathway as shown by reduction of plasminogen with high pre-kallikrein and low kallikrein values. Reduction in complement activity (CH50) was seen in three out of sixteen reactions.
Azo Compounds↗
Inhibitory effects of imidazolines on histamine liberation from human leukocytes and on tracheal smooth muscle tone.
Antigen-induced IgE-mediated release of histamine from human leukocytes, an in vitro model of allergic reactions, was blocked by imidazole and imidazole-compounds such as oxymetazoline and clonidine. The H-2-antihistamines antagonized this effect of imidazolines. Alpha- and H-1-receptor blocking agents did not antagonize the effect. The contractile effects of the imidazolines were tested on tracheal preparations from the cow and guinea-pig. Imidazole was found to be a rather potent contracting agent, while oxymetazoline only caused weak contractions. Clonidine relaxed the tracheal muscles, when used in the concentration range which were inhibitory in the leukocyte experiments. The contractions caused by imidazolines were non-competitively inhibited by clemastine, while the relaxing effects were blocked by a combination of propranolol, phentolamine and cimethidine. The results suggest that imidazolines which inhibit histamine release and relax bronchial smooth muscles may be of therapeutic importance in the treatment of human allergic disorders.
Animals↗
Prospective studies of the effect of breast feeding on incidence of infection and allergy.
The effect of exclusive breast feeding in the first few weeks after birth on infant morbidity due to infectious and allergic disorders was investigated in three separate prospective studies. In a rural community in India, breast-fed infants had a significantly lower incidence of respiratory infection, otitis, diarrhoea, dehydration and pneumonia. In an urban population in Canada, breast feeding was associated with a marked decrease in the occurrence of otitis and respiratory disease and to a lesser extent of diarrhoea and dehydration. In newborn siblings of children with atopic disease exclusively breast-fed for a minimum of six weeks, the incidence of eczema, recurrent wheezing, elevated serum IgE-antibodies to cow's milk, complement activation in vivo after milk challenge and hemagglutinating antibodies to beta-lactoglobulin was significantly lower compared with formula-fed matched group. These observations provide clinical data attesting the immunologic advantages of human milk.
Animals↗