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PubMed1988

[Study of mortality rate in acute poisoning and its characteristics in a region with developed agriculture].

The lethality rate from acute intoxications was studied for the period 1975-1986 in the Tolboukhin district, Bulgaria, a district with a highly developed modern agriculture. A total of 119 persons died from intoxications during the period studied which makes 0.39% of all deceased and a mortality rate of 3.89/100,000 population. Men were five times more than women. 40% of the diseases were in the age group 41-60 years and 23.5% were above 60 years of age. Children up to 14 years were only 4. The peasants prevailed. The domestic (casual) intoxications are leading (62.2%), followed by suicides (32.8%) and professional intoxications (5%). Only 32.7% died in hospital, the remaining 61.3% died elsewhere. The main cause of death was alcohol (44.6%), followed by pesticides (mainly phosphororganic compounds--24.4%), on the 3d and 4th place are drugs and industrial products (including toxic gases--9.2%). Among the hospitalized patients prevailed those with pesticide intoxications (mainly phosphororganic compounds), followed by drugs and corrosive poisons. Among the non-hospitalized patients the alcoholic intoxications are leading, followed by industrial products. Appropriate conclusion are made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Eco-environment contribution of agroforestry to agriculture development in the plain area of China--Huai' an Prefecture, Jiangsu Province as the case study area.

For improving the environmental quality and ensuring supply of wood and non-timber forest products, many forests have been planted in plain areas of China. Scientists have studied their benefits, almost all of the approaches were based on fixed-point data, and few was considered on the non-efficient factors and temporal scale effects. This paper studies the positive and negative benefits at a large temporal scale, and the effects of plain afforestation on stockbreeding and rural economy. The benefits of plain afforestation, correlation coefficiency of agroforestry and production factors are analyzed via stochastic frontier modeling in Huanghuaihai Plain Area of China; elastic coefficient of agroforestry, husbandry, farming, and total output of agricultural sector are calculated through adopting partial differential equation. Some conclusions can be drawn that, plain forests have an important effect on the development of plain agriculture. But shelterbelts and small-scale forests have different effect on the development of agricultural economy. Shelterbelts have negative effect on the industries, but small-scale forest has positive effect. On the whole, contribution of forest resource to value of animal husbandry and gross production value of agriculture is positive, and to the value of farming is negative.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1980

Population and agricultural development models: the promise of the third generation.

The author briefly describes the work of Malthus and the development of first- and second-generation economic-demographic models. He then discusses a proposed third-generation model which "examines conjointly both consequences and determinants of population growth, and analyzes them at the level of the agricultural household." A project being conducted by the Food and Agricultural Organization to construct a third-generation model using data from the Philippines and two other countries is described

Agriculture↗
PubMed1986

Agricultural development and emigration: rhetoric and reality.

"The untested premise of trade liberalizing U.S. development programs such as the Caribbean Basin Initiative is that commodity trade can substitute for international labor migration. Analysis of U.S. tomato producing regions in Sinaloa, Mexico and Florida suggests that the effect of trade liberalization on international labor migration is uncertain." The emphasis is on how such development projects might affect the flow of illegal migrants to the United States.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1994

Reversing the flow: agricultural development and changing migration patterns in rural Maharashtra.

"In this paper we investigate the impact of rapid change from subsistence to irrigated farming [in Maharashtra, India,] and human dynamic responses to these changes from a longitudinal perspective (1975 to 1987). The study focuses on a single village, providing an in-depth and extensive analysis of both in and out-migration, characteristics of migrants, motivations for migration, experience at destination, and links with home areas, both social and economic.... The importance of migration, not only to the study village, but also to other rural areas from which in-migrants came, is also assessed." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)

Acculturation↗