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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Hypotensive action of an intra-nasally applied angiotensin II-antagonist.

Intranasal administration of the specific angiotensin II-antagonist (1-NSuc-5-Val-8-Phg) A II was investigated in anaesthetized rats with different forms of experimentally elevated blood pressure. Renin- or angiotensin II-induced blood pressure increases were markedly reversed by the angiotensin II-antagonist applied intra-nasally. In rats with acute accelerated elevation of blood pressure the analogue induced also a significant decrease. No change could be observed in rats with chronic renal hypertension.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Increase in the effectiveness of anti-influenza immunization by use of a combination of inactivated and live vaccine].

The authors applied a new principle of effective immunization against influenza using a moderately attenuated live vaccine which after 5 passages in developing chick embryos had retained a high reproduction activity in the human upper respiratory tract, while the vaccines were not contagious for their susceptible contacts. The safety of intranasal adminstration of the new vaccine is achieved by giving it to primed subjects previously given oral immunization with the same vaccine or intranasal administration of the standard hyperattenuated vaccine. Since the current inactivated influenza vaccine is the standard hyperattenuated vaccine. Since the current inactivated influenza vaccine is not sufficiently effective epidemiologically, the authors use additionally a single intranasal administration of a highly immunogenic live vaccine. The combined immunization with killed and live influenza vaccines proved to cause no reactions and to be highly immunogenic. Intensive humoral immunity was observed to develop in 86% of vaccines, this genic. Intensive humoral immunity was observed to develop in 86% of vaccines, this figure exceeding considerably the results of administration of the inactivated vaccine alone.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1979

[Effect of an autovaccine on the course of an experimental staphylococcal infection].

The effect of autovaccine on the state of cellular immunity in mice with staphylococcal infection was studied. The maximum decrease of staphylococcal dissemination in internal organs, espeically in the lungs, as well as an increase in the intensity of phagocytosis by peritoneal macrophages were observed after the administration of the vaccine by the method of inhalation. The intranasal administration of the vaccine also proved to be more effective than subcutaneous injection. The cumulation of immune response was more pronounced after the aerosol administration of autovaccine, especially in cases of pathological processes in the respiratory organs.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Prevention of death in Semliki Forest virus-infected mice by administration of defective-interfering Semliki Forest virus.

Adult mice inoculated with Semliki Forest virus (SFV) were protected from a lethal infection of the central nervous system by intranasal administration of defective-interfering (DI) SFV. DI SFV was prepared by eight passages at high m.o.i. in BHK 21 cells. Mice were treated with unpurified, unconcentrated tissue culture fluid which had been u.v.-irradiated to inactivate the infective virus present. Prevention of death was maximal when the DI virus was administered simultaneously with the infecting inoculum, and under the same conditions multiplication of infective virus in the brains of treated mice was reduced by 10(5)-fold. It was shown that DI SFV was propagated in mouse brains followed intranasal inoculation and it was concluded that protection was brought about through the intrinsic interfering capacity of the DI virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Reduction of respiratory tract binding of benzo[a]pyrene in mice by immunization.

Male inbred A/J mice immunized by combined ip and intranasal administration of a bovine serum albumin conjugate of 5-fluoro-12-methylbenzanthryl-7-acetic acid developed tracheal antibodies capable of binding the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BP). Immunized mice administered 92 ng of [3H]BP intranasally exhibited a one-third reduction in BP content in respiratory tract tissues (nose and trachea) when compared with control mice 20 hours after BP administration.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1979

Guinea pig lung lavage cells after intranasal BCG sensitization.

Recent studies have suggested that intranasal administration of antigen can induce local cell-mediated immunity in lung lavage cells. The present study was designed to examine the changes in composition of lung lavage cells and their capacity to produce the lymphokine migration inhibitory factor after intranasal immunization with BCG in guinea pigs. Results indicate that guinea pigs responded to respiratory tract BCG infection with an increase in immunocompetent cells in the bronchoalveolar tract and with production of migration inhibitory factor. After local pulmonary BCG administration, the total number of cells increased as compared with that of the uninfected animals, the increase being statistically significant within 2 weeks. This marked increase in the total cell population is due to a more than doubling of the number of macrophages in the lavage fluid. Animals also developed at this time positive delayed hypersensitivity to intradermally administered purified protein derivative. A significant increase in the total lymphoid cells and macrophage population was observed again at 6 weeks after sensitization, suggesting that the response is biphasic in nature. At 6 weeks, however, there was also a significant rise in total lymphocytes and T cell population in addition to macrophage numbers. This increase in T cells correlated with an increase in production of migration inhibitory factor in the presence of purified protein derivative. These data suggest that the immune response of the respiratory tract after BCG challenge involves increased recruitment of immunocompetent cells locally at the site of infection and that these cells are capable of producing effector molecules in terms of the elaboration of migration inhibitory factor.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Lung response to congenitally athymic (nude), heterozygous, and Swiss Webster mice to aerogenic and intranasal infection by Nocardia asteroides.

Congenitally athymic (nude, Nu/Nu), heterozygous (Nu/+), and Swiss Webster mice were exposed to virulent Nocardia asteroides GUH-2 inhaled from aerosols or administered intranasally. Clearance of the bacteria from the lungs was determined at 6 h and 1, 2, 3 and 7 days after infection. N. asteroides aspirated into the lungs from intranasal administration were killed less rapidly and induced more severe pulmonary infections than did comparable numbers of organisms inhaled from aerosols. Bacterial clearance and histological data indicated that nude mice were significantly more susceptible to nocardial infection than were heterozygous littermates or Swiss Webster mice. From these data we conclude that: (i) pulmonary defenses cope less well with intranasally administered N. asteroides than with aerosolized organisms, (ii) alveolar macrophages alone appear not to be an efficient barrier to nocardial infections, and (iii) T cells are important to pulmonary clearance and prevention of dissemination of N. asteroides from the lung.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hemolytic activity of plasma and urine from rabbits experimentally infected with Legionella pneumophila.

Rabbits were infected with Legionella pneumophila by intravenous administration of allantoic fluid from eggs infected with this organism. Heated plasma from animals with severe illness caused by L. pneumophila lysed erythrocytes from guinea pigs in a radial hemolysis assay. Plasma from control rabbits did not lyse guinea pig erythrocytes in parallel assays. Urine from two of the infected animals also showed hemolytic activity. Attempts to induce illness in rabbits by intranasal administration of L. pneumohpila were less successful. Allantoic fluid from embrynated hen eggs developed hemolytic activity when maintained eithr in vitro at room temperature or in eggs whose embryos were killed by refrigeration. Hemolytic activity in filtrates of allantoic fluid from eggs infected with L. pneumophila, as previously reported, may not be due to the presence of bacterial hemolysins in the fluid.

Allantois↗
PubMed1978

DDAVP (1-desamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin) treatment of central diabetes insipidus--mechanism of prolonged antidiuresis.

DDAVP, 1-desamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin, is a synthetic analog of arginine vasopressin which produces prolonged antidiuresis after intranasal administration to patients with complete central diabetes insipidus. We have studied the mechanism of the prolonged antidiuretic effect by specific radioimmunossay of DDAVP in plasma of patients and by in vitro studies on the adenylate cyclase-cylic AMP system of the rat outer renal medulla. When DDAVP was administredd to patients, all responded, but the duration of response among patients varied from 5-21 h. The peak level of DDAVP in plasma was achieved up to 4 h after administration indicating a slow absorption from the nasal mucosa. The disappearance time of DDAVP from plasma correlated significantly with the duration of antidiuresis, P less than 0.001. On a molar basis DDAVP was 3-fold greater than AVP in its stimulation of outer medullary adenylate cyclase activity and 10-fold greater than AVP in its stimulation of cyclic AMP content. The prolonged antidiuresis of intranasally administered DDAVP is due to slow absorption, presistence in plasma, and enchanced effect on the kidney.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1977

Preseasonal IgE ragweed antibody level as a predictor of response to therapy of ragweed hay fever with intranasal cromolyn sodium solution.

Intranasal administration of a 4% solution of cromolyn sodium for the treatment of ragweed hay fever was tested in an 8-week double-blind matched-pair study involving 66 patients. Patients on active drug received 5.2 mg into each nostril 6 times daily; control patients received a placebo spray. The treated group showed a significant reduction in mouth breathing (p less than 0.001), stuffy nose (p less than 0.002), runny nose (p less than 0.003), and postnasal drip (p less than 0.035). Patients receiving the active drug also reported fewer sneezing episodes (p less than 0.003) and nose blowing episodes (p less than 0.015). One patient using cromolyn solution developed nasal ulceration, tongue swelling, coughing, and wheezing. Other side effects were minimal and occurred with equal frequency in both groups. In the treated group relief of symptoms was most marked in patients with high preseasonal levels of IgE ragweed antibody. Intranasal 4% cromolyn solution appears to be an effective drug for the treatment of ragweed hay fever; measurement of the preseasonal level of IgE ragweed antibody is a useful screening test to identify patients most likely to achieve a maximal beneficial response to treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Intranasal DDAVP-test in the study of renal concentrating capacity in children with recurrent urinary tract infections.

Intranasal administration of DDAVP (1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin), a synthetic analogue of vasopressin, followed by measurement of urine osmolaity 6 h afterwards, represents a convenient, reliable and simple method for the estimation of renal concentrating capacity in children. The DDAVP-test is as accurate and reproducible as the water deprivation test, irrespective of the degree of concentrating capacity. Mean urine osmolality after DDAVP in children without renal disease was found to be 984 +/- 218 mosmol/kg water (m +/- 2 SD). In children with recurrent pyelonephritis, urine osmolality after DDAVP was decreased. The values were significantly lower with bilateral changes than with unilateral changes of chronic pyelonephritis in the i.v. urograms. In chronic pyelonephritis the concentrating capacity appears to be earlier impaired than other parameters of renal function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Renal prostaglandins: relationship to the development of blood pressure and concentrating capacity in pre-term and full term healthy infants.

The relationships between urinary prostaglandins (PGs)E2 and F2 alpha and the postnatal development of blood pressure and renal concentrating capacity were investigated in 14 pre-term and 32 full term healthy infants. Mean PGE2 and PGF2 alpha excretion was 18.9 and 10.1 ng/h/1.73 m2, respectively, in pre-term infant. In full term infants mean urinary PGE2 was significantly lower (13.4 ng/h/1.73 m2) and PGF2 alpha significantly higher (22.2 ng/h/1.73 m2). The decrease of the PGE2/PGF2 alpha ratio (P less than 0.001) was accompanied by an increase in blood pressure. High PGE2 levels in pre-term infants were inversely correlated with urinary cAMP excretion. A decreasing PGE2/PGF2 alpha ratio in full term infants was associated with increasing urinary osmolality. After intranasal administration of antidiuretic hormone (DDAVP) in 8 full term infants the increase in urinary osmolality and cAMP excretion was accompanied by a drop in PGE2 excretion to less than half the basal values. These findings suggests that the postnatal changes in urinary PG excretion are associated with a concomittant increase in blood pressure and in the concentrating capacity of the neonatal kidney.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1976

Betamethasone valerate compared by the oral and inhaled routes in childhood asthma.

The value of betamethasone valerate by inhalation in the prophylactic therapy of severe childhood asthma has been established. To determine whether the efficacy of this drug is due to a local or a systemic action a double-blind crossover study of 28 days' treatment with oral betamethasone valerate and 28 days' treatment with inhaled steroid was carried out in 10 asthmatic children. Daily doses used were 1 mg orally and 800 mug by inhalation. Nine patients had fewer symptoms, higher peak expiratory flow rates, and a lower bronchodilator requirement on inhaled than on oral therapy. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction was diminished on inhaled therapy. Five children requested early termination of the oral therapy period because of unacceptable symptoms. Nine parents stated a preference for the period of inhaled therapy. It is concluded that betamethasone valerate is highly effective by inhalation but that a comparable oral dose has no appreciable clinical effect.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1979

Easily hydrolyzable, water-soluble derivatives of (+/-)-alpha-5-[1-(indol-3-yl)ethyl]-2-methylamino-delta2-thiazoline-4-one, a novel antiviral compound.

The preparation of a series of indole N-acyl and N-carbamic esters of (+/-)-alpha-5-[1-(indol-3-yl)ethyl]-2-methylamino-delta2-thiazolin-4-one (1) is reported. These derivatives were synthesized as potential water-soluble precursors of the antiviral thiazolinone 1, for evaluation by intranasal administration against influenza and other respiratory infections caused by viruses. Salts of the basic carbamic esters (16--19) possess the required water solubility, undergo rapid hydrolysis and decarboxylation at pH values greater than 6, and have high activity against influenza A2 and Coxsackie B1 viruses in vitro. In influenza A2 infected ferrets a representative ester (16) reduced the severity and duration of disease symptoms and reduced nasal wash virus titres but caused local irritancy.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Cell-mediated immune responses in humans after induced infection with influenza A virus.

Cell-mediated immune responses were examined in 19 normal volunteers after intranasal administration of three strains of influenza A virus. Eight volunteers manifested respiratory tract illness along with fourfold rises of serum antibody and/or virus shedding. Samples of peripheral venous blood were obtained before and two days, five days, and four weeks after challenge. During acute illness, infected volunteers showed lymphopenia, which persisted for up to four weeks after challenge. The lymphopenia involved thymus-derived, bone marrow-derived, and null cells. Blastogenic responses of lymphocytes to stimulation with phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and streptokinase-streptodornase were depressed during acute illness, and responses to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A remained depressed at four weeks after infection. Thus, influenza infection in humans can result in prolonged depression of numbers and functions of circulating lymphocytes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Contact transmission of avian leukosis virus.

Intravenous inoculation of four age groups of White Leghorn chicks with ALV-F42, a group A field strain of avian leukosis virus (ALV), indicated that persistent tolerant infection could be induced as late as 2 weeks post hatch, though most birds responded with neutralizing antibody. Contact infection by environmental exposure to ALV was 100% effective in newly hatched and 28-day-old chicks. All contact-infected birds responded immunologically after transient viremia. A follow-up of immune birds from these six groups demonstrated that active multiplication of ALV continued despite neutralizing antibody. Infectious virus was shed by oral and cloacal routes, as well as through vertical transmission by hens to their embryos. Up to 10(8) infectious units of virus/g of feces was shed by 12-day-old viremic birds, and to a lesser extent virus was also shed in saliva as measured by oral washing. The cycle of contact transmission was also evaluated by the assessment of the efficacy of four portals of entry, where exposed skin was most effective in permitting infection, followed by oral, nasal, and conjunctival routes.

Administration, Intranasal↗