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PubMed1979

Community-acquired acinetobacter pneumonia.

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var anitratus, a nonfermentative grampnegative bacillus, has been infrequently reported as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia. In this paper we describe the course of six recent patients with community-acquired, bacteremic pneumonia due to this organism and review the six previously reported cases. Our experience suggests this organism is a more common cause of community-acquired pneumonia than previously thought. Acinetobacter pneumonia occurs in older persons with chronic disease, especially alcoholism. It is a fulminant illness with respiratory distress, hypoxemia, leukopenia and shock. Chest roentgenograms reveal a lobar or bronchopneumonic infiltrate which often becomes bilateral within 24 hours of admission to the hospital. Pleural effusions are common. The mortality rate is 43 per cent. Factors that predict a fatal outcome are granulocytopenia, empyema and therapy with inappropriate antibiotics. Therapy with appropriate antibiotics, especially carbenicillin and an aminoglycoside, increases survival.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed2025

New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in the USA from October, 2013, to March, 2022: a retrospective molecular epidemiological analysis.

BACKGROUND: Most US carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) isolates harbour carbapenem-hydrolysing class D β-lactamases. Other carbapenemases, such as New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM), are uncommon but emerging. We describe the epidemiology of NDM-producing CRAB reported to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). METHODS: We defined cases as A baumannii with blaNDM confirmed by molecular testing and isolated from any specimen source from a patient in the USA between Oct 1, 2013, and March 31, 2022, and passively reported to the CDC from regional, state, local public health, and CDC laboratories. Epidemiologically linked cases had epidemiological linkage (eg, overlapping health-care facility stay) with one or more other cases. We assessed case relatedness through analysis of whole-genome sequence data using traditional multilocus sequence typing (MLST; Oxford scheme [sequence typeOX]) and core genome MLST. To understand the potential origins of NDM-CRAB in the USA, we compared sequences of cases to US CRAB without NDM and to NDM-CRAB from non-US locations. FINDINGS: We identified 327 NDM-CRAB cases from 264 patients in 21 US states. Among patients with available epidemiological information, 192 (90%) of 214 had epidemiological linkage to at least one additional case and 13 (7%) of 193 were hospitalised outside the USA 12 months or less before index specimen collection. Five regionally distinct sequence type clusters were identified among the 264 case patients; three (sequence type OX218, sequence type OX281, and sequence type OX1697) were closely related to international NDM-CRAB isolates. INTERPRETATION: We identified regionally distinct NDM-CRAB strains, suggesting localised transmission in the USA. Some NDM-CRAB strains in the USA are closely related to strains identified outside the USA, suggesting that spread followed importation. FUNDING: None.

Acinetobacter baumannii↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Osteomyelitis of the mandibular condyle secondary to dental extractions.

Although osteomyelitis of the mandibular condyle secondary to dental extraction is scarcely mentioned in the medical and dental literature, we have seen three cases within a two-year period. The first two patients were examined for an eroded condyle three months and 18 months following the extractions. The third patient, who was treated one month after extraction for acute osteomyelitis of the condyle, has done well. All three patients required operations and administration of long-term antibiotics.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed2026

Whole-Genome Analysis Reveals Antimicrobial Resistance and Population Structure of Environmental and Veterinary Acinetobacter baumannii.

Acinetobacter (A.) baumannii is an important multidrug-resistant pathogen increasingly recognized across animal and environmental settings, and carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) is classified as a critical-priority pathogen by the World Health Organization. This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and genomic characteristics of 122 A. baumannii isolates comprising 72 veterinary and 50 environmental isolates collected in Andhra Pradesh, India. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), resistance and virulence gene profiling, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), core-genome analysis, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) phylogeny, and pan-genome analysis were performed. Overall, 58.2% of isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and 41.8% were extensively drug-resistant (XDR). Sequence type (ST) 52 predominated among veterinary isolates, whereas ST2 was more frequent among environmental isolates. The presence of carbapenem-resistant isolates along with the ST2 lineage enhances the similarity to clinical A. baumannii. Several intrinsic resistance genes, including blaOXA-23, armA, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, tet(B), mph(E), and msr(E), were more prevalent in the ST2-associated population. Virulence-associated determinants were widely conserved. Core-genome MLST (cgMLST) and core-genome SNP (cgSNP) analyses identified highly related isolates within both lineages, while pairwise SNP differences were 0-7. Pan-genome analysis identified 4204 gene clusters and distinct accessory gene patterns between ST2 and ST52. These findings indicate that resistance gene distribution was closely associated with lineage structure and support integrated genomic surveillance of A. baumannii across animal and environmental reservoirs.

Acinetobacter baumannii↗
PubMed1975

Long-term therapy of chronic bacterial prostatitis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Trimethoprim (TMP) meets all of the theoretical requirements of diffusion into, and actual concentration in, human prostatic fluid. When TMP is combined with the sulfonamide sulfamethoxazole (SMX), potentiation of antibacterial activity is achieved and the development of resistant bacterial strains is less likely to occur. In our initial use of TMP-SMX in the treatment of 13 men with chronic bacterial prostatitis due to gram-negative organisms, patients were given two tablets of TMP-SMX twice daily for only 14 days. The results were that two patients (15%) were cured, nine patients (70%) were improved (sterile prostatic fluid during therapy) but eventually relapsed, and two patients (15%) were unchanged by therapy. In our present study 19 patients (31.6%) were totally cured and 9 of 23 (39.1%) gram-negative organisms were permanently cleared from prostatic fluid; 8 of the 9 patients (42.1%) were improved but eventually relapsed with the same organism; 5 of the 19 patients (26.3%) were considered unchanged by therapy.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed1979

[A case of meningitis due to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus].

Meningitis due to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus is rare. These rare bacteria were isolated from culture fluid in patient resembling to Neisseria meningitis with clinical and laboratory findings. The patient was treated with sensitive antibiotic.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed1977

[Immunoprophylaxis and serodiagnostic studies of abortion in cows caused by bacteria of the Mimeae group and the genus Yersinia].

Tested was the prophylactic effect of a vaccine against abortions in cows caused by bacteria immunologically related to R Brucella organisms. Results pointed to the substantial drop in the number of abortions in the vaccinated animals. Reported are also results of serologic investigations by the complement-fixation test with cows showing abortions and sterility.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1977

Community-acquired Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var anitratus pneumonia.

Two patients had community-acquired Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var anitratus pneumonia. Both patients were alcoholic and one was cirrhotic. One patient died and the other received two weeks of gentamicin therapy and survived. Misinterpretation of the sputum Gram stain delayed diagnosis and institution of proper therapy in both cases. In addition to organisms sensitive to penicillins such as Neisseria or Haemophilus, Acinetobacter must be considered in the differential diagnosis of community-acquired Gram-negative coccobacillary pneumonia.

Acinetobacter↗