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PubMedDate not supplied

Community determinants of U.S. legal abortion rates.

The availability of abortion services--the number of facilities and the number of types of agencies providing abortions--is the most powerful determinant of variations in abortion rates in U.S. metropolitan communities. The increase in abortion availability is also the most important factor in explaining the increase in abortion rates that occurred between 1973 and 1975. Other factors affecting abortion rates (but less substantially) include rural residence, population density, female labor force participation, the proportion Catholic and the proportion receiving public assistance.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1993

Variation in spontaneous abortion rate relates to the indication for therapeutic donor insemination.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between indications for donor insemination and the rate of spontaneous abortion of these pregnancies. METHODS: All therapeutic donor insemination pregnancies from our clinic over a 15-year period were categorized according to the indications for insemination, recipient's age, cycle of conception, use of ovulation-inducing agents, use of fresh or frozen semen, and pregnancy outcome. Spontaneous abortion rates were compared between groups segregated according to the indication for donor insemination; differences in maternal age were taken into account. Statistical evaluation was done using chi 2 analysis. RESULTS: Women whose partners produced some sperm in their ejaculates had a spontaneous abortion rate of 21.8%, as compared to 15.4% for women whose partners were azoospermic (P < .05). When couples with oligospermia were segregated by degree of oligospermia, those with counts greater than 2 x 10(6)/mL had an abortion rate of 26.2%, as compared to 11.7% in those with counts less than 1 x 10(6)/mL (P < .025). CONCLUSIONS: The indication for performing therapeutic donor insemination has an influence on the resultant spontaneous abortion rate. Several possible reasons for this relationship may exist, but more data will be needed for verification. A better understanding of the influences that the indication for donor insemination has upon the outcome will facilitate more accurate counseling of candidate couples.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed2005

Estimating Australia's abortion rates 1985-2003.

AIM: To estimate national rates of induced abortion in Australia from 1985 to 2003, using Medicare claim statistics for private patients and hospital morbidity statistics for public patients. DESIGN AND SETTING: Estimates were based on Australian and South Australian data collections relating to abortions. SA hospital morbidity statistics were compared with SA statutory notifications of abortions to estimate the accuracy of these collections. Medicare statistics on abortion procedures performed on private patients in South Australia were then compared with hospital morbidity statistics for private patients. National statistics on abortion derived from Medicare and hospital morbidity statistics were adjusted for inaccuracies found in these sources. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Numbers of induced abortions in Australia for each year from 1985 to 2003; abortion rates per 1000 women aged 15-44 years. RESULTS: Abortion numbers based on Medicare claims by private patients overestimated by 18.7% the number of abortions derived from statutory notifications in South Australia during the period 1988-89 to 1999-00. Hospital morbidity data using principal diagnosis codes relating to medical abortion overestimated statutory notifications by 2.3% (mainly because of readmissions). National statistics were adjusted for these overestimations and for the estimated 14.1% of private patients who would not have submitted Medicare claims (based on surveys of private-clinic patients in New South Wales and Victoria). The estimated Australian abortion rate increased from 17.9 per 1000 women aged 15-44 in 1985 to a peak of 21.9/1000 in 1995, then declined to 19.7/1000 in 2003 (estimated number of abortions, 84,460). CONCLUSION: There are no data currently available for deriving accurate numbers of induced abortions in Australia. Suggestions are made for collection of national statistics.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1996

Declining induced abortion rate in Finland: data quality of the Finnish abortion register.

BACKGROUND: Induced abortion rates have declined in Finland since 1973. A possible explanation offered has been that of deteriorating data collection. METHODS: To assess the completeness of the Register, we compared the information from a consecutive sample of hospital records (N = 482) to the Finnish Abortion Register in 18 hospitals in three counties. A smaller consecutive sample (N = 345) was collected from the same hospitals to assess the validity of the Register information. RESULTS: Only five abortions (1 percent) found in the hospitals were not reported in the Abortion Register. A total of 95 percent of all the length of pregnancy (definition problems), the classification of the abortion procedure, and social class (out-of-date classifications). Furthermore, early complications were poorly reported. CONCLUSIONS: The data from the Finnish Abortion Register are a reliable source for monitoring trends in the abortion rate and its variation by subgroups, but are an unreliable source for the study of the medical aspects of induced abortion.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1988

Correcting spontaneous abortion rates for the presence of induced abortion.

This paper introduces a method for correcting spontaneous abortion rates by taking into consideration the fact that a number of spontaneous abortions are "prevented" by induced abortions. This correction may be important in settings of high induced abortion incidence. The method is then applied to the data of the Italian region of Lombardy. The results obtained are compared to those obtained with previous correction methods, and it is concluded that the present method is useful and appropriate when data on induced and spontaneous abortions are available by gestational age.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2005

[Clinical pathological observation on acupuncture increasing medicine-induced complete abortion rate].

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the method for effectively increasing complete abortion rate of medicine-induced abortion and observe pathological changes. METHODS: Two hundred cases were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 100 cases in each group. The observation group were treated by acupuncture at Hegu (LI 4), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Neiguan (PC 6) and Kunlun (BL 60), and the control group were not treated by acupuncture. The abortion rate, bleeding condition, adverse reaction and pathological changes were observed in the two groups. RESULTS: The complete abortion rate was 96.0% in the observation group, better than 88.0% in the control group (P < 0.05). There were significant differences between the two groups in bleeding time and pathological changes (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture can increase complete abortion rate of medicine-induced abortion, with shorter bleeding time and less residual villus.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1998

Endometriosis and spontaneous abortion rate: a cohort study in infertile women.

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain if there is an association between endometriosis and spontaneous abortion. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Medical School Hospital. POPULATION: 174 infertile women laparoscopically diagnosed with endometriosis and 174 infertile women in which endometriosis was ruled out by laparoscopy, in the same period of time. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Spontaneous abortion. Non-progressive gestational sac and/or histological study. RESULTS: Per woman abortion rate was 7.47% (13/174) in the endometriosis group, similar to 5.74% (10/174) in the infertile women without endometriosis (RR=1.32: CI=0.53-3.36). Nor were there any differences in the per pregnancy abortion rate: 20.96% (13/62) in endometriosis vs. 16.94% (10/59) in non-endometriosis (RR=1.3; CI=0.47-3.57). The abortion rate was similar in the different AFS stages: 22.86% (8/35) in stage I, 16.67% (3/18) in II, 25% (1/4) in III and 20% (1/5) in IV. In stage I no differences were observed in patients who were managed expectantly or with medical treatment. CONCLUSION: Endometriosis is not associated with an increased abortion rate. The severity of disease expressed by AFS staging is not associated with an increase in the abortion rate. In stage I the treatment of endometriosis did not decrease abortion rates.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Structural determinants of the abortion rate: a cross-societal analysis.

Data for a sample of 89 countries are used to examine societal-level predictors of the legal status of abortion and its incidence as indicated by abortion rates. Measures of socioeconomic development, women's labor force participation, and dominant religion are considered as predictors of abortion. Logistic regression analysis reveals that socioeconomic development has a positive effect on the probability of abortion being legal. Both a greater dominance of Catholicism and Islam in a society reduce the probability that abortion is legal. Results of tobit analyses show that development has curvilinear effects on abortion rates, with lower rates of abortion at both the lower and higher ends of development. Findings also indicate a positive effect of female labor force participation on the abortion rate that initially grows stronger with increases in socioeconomic development, but weakens with further increases. Finally, a greater proportion of Catholics in a population lowers the abortion rate.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1996

State abortion rates. The impact of policies, providers, politics, demographics, and economic environment.

This paper uses data on abortion rates by state from 1974-1988 to estimate two-stage least squares models with fixed state and year effects. Restrictions on Medicaid funding for abortion are correlated with lower abortion rates in-state and higher rates among nearby states. A maximal estimate suggests that 19-25% of the abortions among low-income women that are publicly funded do not take place after funding is eliminated. Parental notification laws for teen abortions do not significantly affect aggregate abortion rates. A larger number of abortion providers in a state increases the abortion rate, primarily through inducing cross-state travel.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1992

The influence of the post-Chernobyl fallout on birth defects and abortion rates in Austria.

OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the influence of the radioactive fallout after the Chernobyl disaster on the rate and regional distribution of birth defects and abortion rates in southern Austria. STUDY DESIGN: During 1985 to 1989 a total of 66,743 births was monitored. Twelve sources provided data on 1695 cases of birth defects, 1579 of which were suitable for analysis. All cases were analyzed in terms of their calculated conception date and divided into three main groups according to their vulnerable phase of embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and oogenesis. To study possible regional changes, the findings were plotted in 17 political subdistricts. The overall abortion rate and the counseling frequency at termination clinics was determined. RESULTS: No significant changes in the incidence of birth defects, abortion rate, or counseling rate at pregnancy termination clinics were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Assessing the teratologic potential of low-dose radiation is difficult and requires adequate grouping of birth defects, sufficient baseline data, and highly reliable registries.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1998

Reducing pregnancy and induced abortion rates in China: family planning with husband participation.

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the effectiveness of a family planning intervention with and without husband's participation in reducing pregnancy and abortion rates in Shanghai, China. METHODS: In this 3-arm randomized trial among 1800 nonsterilized married women, educational interventions targeting both spouses and targeting the wife only were compared with usual family planning care. RESULTS: Among women not using intrauterine devices (IUDs), the intervention with husband's participation had an effect in reducing pregnancy rates (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.12, 1.1) and abortion rates (adjusted OR = 0.29, CI = 0.09, 0.94) compared with control subjects, and a significant effect in reducing pregnancy rates (adjusted OR = 0.29, CI = 0.10, 0.85) and abortion rates (adjusted OR = 0.24, CI = 0.07, 0.77) compared with wife-only subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Family planning interventions involving husbands may reduce pregnancy and abortion rates among non-IUD users.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2006

Effect of Gutai Decoction on the abortion rate of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Chinese herbal medicine Gutai Decoction (GTD) on the abortion rate of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). METHODS: Observed were two hundred and forty-seven women having received IVF-ET and with beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG) > 25 IU/L on the 14th day after transferring. All were treated conventionally with progesterone 20 - 80 mg per day after transferring and if necessary the treatment was supplemented with Progynova 2 - 4 mg per day, with the medication withdrawn gradually from the 9th week of pregnancy till stopped completely. Among them 131 cases received GTD medication additionally, for 109 cases of whom the medication started from the 2nd day of transferring (taken as Group A) and for the other 22 cases from the 14th day after transferring (taken as Group B), the other 116 cases with no additional GTD treatment given were taken as the control group, with the medication lasting to the 12th week. The abortion rate in them was observed. RESULTS: The abortion rate in Group A, Group B and the control group was 12.84%, 13.64% and 23.28%, respectively, the difference between the GTD treated groups and the control group was significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Chinese medicine GTD could reduce abortion rate in women receiving IVF-ET.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of economic conditions and access to reproductive health services on state abortion rates and birthrates.

The effects that such factors as wages, welfare policies and access to physicians, family planning clinics and abortion providers have on abortion rates and birthrates are examined in analyses based on 1978-1988 state-level data and longitudinal regression techniques. The incidence of abortion is found to be lower in states where access to providers is reduced and state policies are restrictive. Calculations indicate that decreased access may have accounted for about one-quarter of the 5% decline in abortion rates between 1988 and 1992. In addition, birthrates are elevated where the costs of contraception are higher because access to obstetrician-gynecologists and family planning services is reduced. Economic resources such as higher wages for men and women and generous welfare benefits are significantly and consistently related to increased birthrates; however, even a 10% cut in public assistance benefits would result in only one birth fewer for every 212 women on welfare. Economic factors showed no consistent relationship with abortion rates.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1997

Similar pregnancy and spontaneous abortion rates after treatment with low-dose human menopausal gonadotropin versus pure follicle stimulating hormone in women with luteal phase defects.

The study presented herewith was designed to compare the pregnancy and abortion rates in patients treated with gonadotropin preparations with and without LH content based on data suggesting that higher serum LH levels during the follicular phase may reduce subsequent pregnancy rates and increase spontaneous abortion rates. Infertile patients with luteal phase defects related to releasing eggs prior to complete follicular maturation were treated with either ultra-low dose (75 IU) hMG or pure FSH. The pregnancy rates for first treatment cycles for hMG versus pure FSH was 22.7% and 20.3%, respectively. The spontaneous abortion rates were also similar (8.0% and 9.1%). There were no multiple births resulting from these 36 pregnancies. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome was not observed in any of the 164 stimulation cycles. Thus these results show no advantage in choosing a preparation devoid of LH therefore giving the patient the opportunity to purchase the least expensive medication that is available.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1998

A review of induced abortion rates in England and Wales, 1969-1994.

This study examines trends in induced abortion rates in England and Wales, from 1969 to 1994. A comparison of the trends between the different age groups shows contrasting changes and interesting features. The only age group to show a continuous increase since 1969 has been females aged 11 to 14 years. This may be due to birth cohort effect, as younger women begin sexual activity in a social environment of higher risk than previous cohorts. These considerations have important implications for the organisation of preventive services particularly health education. In spite of the availability of improved and better contraceptive services and sex education, the cohort analysis suggests that induced abortion rates in each successive cohort was higher than the preceding cohort.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2004

Advanced provision of emergency contraception does not reduce abortion rates.

A number of small studies have demonstrated increased use of emergency contraception (EC) when women have a supply available at home. It has been suggested that widespread use of EC could reduce abortion rates. We undertook a community intervention study designed to determine whether offering advanced supplies of EC to large numbers of women influenced abortion rates. All women aged between 16 and 29 years living in Lothian, Scotland, were offered, through health services, five courses of EC without cost to keep at home. Of a population of around 85,000 women in this age group, the study showed that an estimated 17,800 women took a supply of EC home and over 4500 of them gave at least one course to a friend. It was found that nearly half (45%) of women who had a supply used at least one course during the 28 months that the study lasted. In total, an estimated 8081 courses of EC were used. EC was used within 24 h after intercourse on 75% of occasions. Abortion rates in Lothian were compared with those from three other health board areas of Scotland. No effect on abortion rates was demonstrated with advanced provision of EC. The results of this study suggest that widespread distribution of advanced supplies of EC through health services may not be an effective way to reduce the incidence of unintended pregnancy in the UK.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1983

Abortion rate in pregnancies following ovulation induced by human menopausal gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin.

Despite the high incidence of fetal loss following gonadotropin therapy, the etiologic, factors that contribute to this loss remain unknown. In 203 women who conceived following gonadotropin therapy, the abortion rate was 28.5%. However, in 84 women who conceived a second time, also with gonadotropin treatment, the abortion rate was 11.9%. Second- and third-degree hyperstimulation of the ovary are accompanied by a 50% abortion rate, and the occurrence of abortion is more frequent in the first pregnancy. The contribution of multiple pregnancy, maternal age, and number of gonadotropin treatment cycles are also evaluated and discussed.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗