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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2025

Tracking HIV persistence across T cell lineages during early ART-treated HIV-1-infection using a reservoir-marking humanized mouse model.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection depletes CD4 T-cells, and long-term persistence of latent virus prevents full clearance of HIV even in the presence of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), Here we present the HIV-1-induced lineage tracing (HILT) system, a model that irreversibly marks infected cells within a humanized mouse model, which detects rare latently infected cells. Immunodeficient mice transplanted with genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells develop a human immune system, in which CD4 T-cells contain a genetic switch that permanently labels cells infected by HIV-1 expressing cre-recombinase. Through single-cell RNA sequencing of HILT-marked cells during acute infection and post-ART treatment, we identify distinct CD4+ T-cell transcriptional lineages enriched in either active or latent infections. Comparative gene expression analysis highlights common pathways modulated in both states, including EIF2, Sirtuin, and protein ubiquitination. Critical regulators of these pathways, including JUN, BCL2, and MDM2, change to opposite directions in the two states, highlighting gene expression programs that may support HIV persistence across T-cell lineages and states.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Application of ART to time-coded emission tomography.

Devices for single-photon emission tomography currently take projections either in a plane over a full angular range (0--360 degrees) or in a volume with a limited angular range. The planar, pseudo-random, time-coded aperture, in conjunction with an Anger camera, is a device of the limited angular range type. It employs multiple pinholes whose transmission varies as a function of time. Previously, image reconstruction was accomplished by simple back-projection of coefficients obtained by time-correlating pinhole transmission with detector-element count rate, resulting in a low-contrast image. Using the Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART) a method is introduced for division of the correlation coefficients into subsets allowing the three-dimensional reconstruction to be accomplished on a minicomputer. Results from simulations and experimental phantom data show that ART improves depth resolution compared to back-projection, that under-relaxation produces better images in the case of noisy data, and that the division of the correlation coefficients into subsets has no effect on quality. The images depict the expected resolution degradation in the direction normal to the detector plane due to the limited angular range of projections but yield quantitative results whose relative values are good, even though attenuation is neglected.

Mathematics↗
PubMed1979

Z80.1 and the state of the art.

Ophthalmic standards such as ANSI Z80.1, 1979 (Recommendation for Prescription Ophthalmic Lenses) are developed by the joint effort of many disciplines from eye care practitioners to suppliers and manufacturers. The tolerances, agreed upon by consensus, are fundamentally controlled by the state of the art, that is upon the quality of product which can be reliably produced by competent personnel using standard methods of processing. Research has demonstrated that the Z80.1, 1972 standard had been set at a level above the state of the art for today's lenses. Some of the tolerances in the 1979 revision were therefore lowered so as to establish a more realistic guideline. The new standard, if diligently applied by both laboratories and dispensers, should lead, however, to an increase and not a reduction in product quality.

Eyeglasses↗
PubMed1979

Analytic clinical laboratory precision. State of the art for twenty-nine analytes.

Relationships of concentration and coefficient of variation are described for 29 clinical laboratory analytes. Estimated mean regression curves and the standard deviations of individual laboratory coefficients of variation about the mean regression are calculated. Twenty-seven analytes showed a significant relation between concentration and coefficient of variation. State of the art precision is compared to medical goals. The average coefficient of variation for one analyte, calcium, fails to meet medical goals for manual methods. The distribution of individual laboratory precision above average state of the art figures is discussed. The proportion of laboratories failing to meet medical goals is large for osmolality, as well as manual calcium methods.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1977

Art, evolution, and history: a case study of paradigm change in anthropology.

An ethnological controversy over the origin and evolution of decorative art is documented for the period 1896-1904 and is used to test the relevance in anthropology of Thomas Kuhn's outline of the structure of scientific revolutions. Using a combination of archival materials and content analysis of professional periodicals, both the appropriateness and the limitations of Kuhn's scheme are explored. The conclusion is that paradigms and scientific revolutions are valid and useful concepts for use in the history of anthropology, but that for the particular period under study they are insufficient. Nonparadigmatic aspects of anthropology's supporting communities must also be considered, especially anthropology's "permeable boundaries".

Anthropology↗
PubMed1978

Op art and visual perception.

An attempt is made to list the visual phenomena exploited in op art. These include moire frinlude moiré fringes, afterimages, Hermann grid effects, Gestalt grouping principles, blurring and movement due to astigmatic fluctuations in accommodation, scintillation and streaming possibly due to eye movements, and visual persistence. The historical origins of these phenomena are also noted.

Afterimage↗
PubMed1978

North American Indian rock art and hallucinogenic drugs.

It is proposed that the aboriginal rock paintings in two areas of North America may have been produced by shamans while they were under the influence of hallucinogenic agents derived from plants. The first of these areas is the Chumash and Yokuts Indian region of California, where polychrome paintings show designs similar to those visualized during the trance induced by decoctions of jimsonweed (Datura species). The second area is the lower Pecos River region of Texas, where shamanistic figures display traits considered to be conceptual analogues of the mescal bean (Sophora secundiflora) cult as practiced during historic times by Great Plains Indians. Although the evidence is only circumstantial, the proposed connections between these rock drawings and mind-expanding pharmacologic compounds fit well into the documented relationship that encompasses hallucinogenic drugs and certain movable objects of pre-Columbian American art.

Art↗
PubMed1979

Choosing art for your hospital: some basic do's and don'ts.

Artwork can serve many functions in the hospital beyond that of decoration. How to go about selecting the best type of art for your hospital and some of the considerations that should be taken into account when doing so are explained herein.

Art↗
PubMed1975

[The staff of Aesculapius. Symbol of the art of healing and of the doctor].

The Staff of Aesculapius, the symbol of the art of healing and of the doctor, is one of the oldest and best known of all emblems. It has persisted over thousands of years in spite of numerous changes and revivals and is today the universal sign of medical activity. The manifold origins and the logically incomprehensible content of ideas of the rod with its snake, and also its many levels of interpretation are sketched in this contribution. It is shown how, in the histroy of humanity myths, symbols and folklore, which are fed from different sources, finally condense into an optical symbol of human activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Treatment of hypertension: state of the art in 1979.

1. The results of the Veterans Administration Co-operative Study have been extended by the subsequent clinical trials, which included patients of both sexes and with less vascular disease. The later studies confirm the effectiveness of treatment in preventing most complications except myocardial infarction and sudden death. Furthermore, the lower diastolic blood pressure in which treatment has been shown to have a significant beneficial effect has been lowered from 105 mmHg as indicated by the Veterans Study to 100 mmHg as shown by the much larger Australian trial. The possibility of reducing the incidence of sudden death and fatal myocardial infarction has been suggested by other recent control trials using beta-adrenoreceptor-blocking drugs, an approach that needs further exploration. 2. A number of interesting and useful new drugs have appeared which include tienilic acid, minoxidil, saralasin and captopril, and in addition recent controlled trials have re-emphasized the effectiveness of the old drug, reserpine, when combined with a diuretic. The art of treatment of hypertension therefore appears to be in a healthy state and we should expect more advances in the future.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed2026

Agentomics: an agentic system that autonomously develops novel state-of-the-art solutions for biomedical machine learning tasks.

MOTIVATION: Extracting knowledge from biomedical data is crucial for advancing our understanding of biological systems and developing novel therapeutics. The quantity, quality, and resolution of biomedical data constantly evolves, requiring the automation of biomedical machine learning (ML). Existing Automated ML tools lack flexibility, while large language models (LLMs) struggle to consistently deliver reproducible machine learning codebases, and existing LLM Agent-powered solutions lag behind human-engineered ML models. RESULTS: Here, we introduce Agentomics, an autonomous LLM-powered agentic system for end-to-end ML experimentation. Given a biomedical dataset, Agentomics implements various ML modeling strategies, and produces a ready-to-use ML model. Agentomics introduces strict validation checkpoints for standard ML development steps, allowing gradual development on top of working code with defined interfaces and validated artifacts. Further, it offers native support for biomedical foundation models that can be leveraged during experimentation. The generic nature of Agentomics allows the user to create ML solutions for a large variety of datasets and use various LLMs. We evaluate Agentomics across 20 datasets from the domains of Protein Engineering, Drug Discovery, and Regulatory Genomics. When benchmarked against other agentic systems, Agentomics outperformed them in all tested domains. When benchmarked against human expert solutions, Agentomics generated novel state-of-the-art models for 11/20 established benchmark datasets. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: Agentomics is implemented in Python. Source code and documentation are freely available at: https://github.com/BioGeMT/Agentomics-ML.

Machine Learning↗
PubMed1979

Programming, budgeting, and control in health care organization: the state of the art.

The planning, budgeting, and controlling processes (PBCP) largely subsume all of the planning and controlling activities of an organization. This paper discusses these activities within the context of a single management control system, focusing on three topics. First, a brief historical perspective of management concerns which relate to PBCP is presented and several important external pressures currently imposed on the health care industry are discussed. Second, normative models of the processes--programming, budgeting, and controlling--are presented. The discussion focuses on the elements and relationships of these processes, and numerous references to the literature are provided. Third, several issues related to the gap between the state of the art in PBCP for hospitals and the current state of practice are discussed.

Budgets↗
PubMed1978

The art of history taking.

The art of history taking involves the ability to recognize the interrelationship between the details of the medical history and the patient's personal history. For the oral surgeon, this provides important insights into how the patient has reacted to illness in the past as well as how he is most likely to react to current treatment. Specific problems have been reviewed as well as suggested interview techniques to guide the oral surgeon in his management of his patient's reactions. No one expects the doctor to be an iconoclast. He cannot be all things to all patients. He should recognize a problem, acknowledge it as a problem, and be flexible enough to deal with it or refer the patient to someone who can. This kind of understanding will enable the oral surgeon to fulfill his role with appreciation from his patients and an inner sense of professional and personal achievement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[State of the art and prospects on the use of radiofrequency and microwave hyperthermia in cancer treatment (author's transl)].

The use of microwave hyperthermia for cancer treatment is dealt with, first analyzing the present state of the art, second from a prospective viewpoint. Follow current topics are considered: a) biological data from experiments in vitro and of animals; b) fundamental therapeutic modalities: total body hyperthermia, local hyperthermia; c) technological problems: irradiation frequency, applicators, dosimetry (non-interfering probes, microwave radiometers); d) results of preliminary clinical investigations. Prospects refer to following topics: a) technological: improvement or design of systems for producing and controlling hyperthermia; b) fundamental: models, phantoms and postoperative specimens; dielectric and thermal properties on tissues; part of the vascularization; c) clinical: treatment procedures, long-term therapeutic trials (exclusive or combined hyperthermia, cancerous and healthy tissues).

Humans↗