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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Simultaneous echocardiographic phonocardiographic recordings at rest and during amyl nitrite administration in patients with mitral valve prolapse.

Simultaneous electrocardiograms, phonocardiograms, and echocardiograms were recorded in 21 patients with mitral valve prolapse. Four patients with holosystolic mitral valve prolapse on echocardiogram had smaller resting end-diastolic volumes than the remaining 17 patients with late systolic echocardiopraphy prolapse (p greater than 0.01). Thirteen of the 17 patients with late systolic prolapse had phonocardiograhically recorded auscultatory phenomena. The initial vibrations of the auscultatory phenomena occurred after the onset of echocardiographic prolapse, but prior to maximal echocardiographic mitral valve prolapse. Amyl nitrite was administered to all patients. Three of the 17 patients with late systolic prolapse developed holosystolic prolapse, while the remaining 14 retained the late systolic prolapse pattern during amyl nitrite inhalation. In these 14 patients, the onset of mitral prolapse occurred earlier in systole due to decrease in the duration of systole prior to onset of mitral valve prolapse (p greater than 0.001). This corresponded with the occurrence of auscultatory phenomena earlier in systole. Twelve patients had left ventricular volumes recorded during amyl nitrite inhalation and all showed a decrease in left ventricular volumes (greater than) 0.001). These findings confirm the temporal relationship of mitral valve prolapse and onset of auscultatory phenomena in these patients. It suggests that the movement of auscultatory phenomena earlier in systole during amyl nitrite inhalation is related to earlier prolapse of the mitral valve, and that a decrease in ventricular valume is a tenable explanation for the earlier onset of prolapse.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1979

[Nitroglycerin and amyl nitrite action on common bile duct during operation for vesicular lithiasis (author's transl)].

Eight patients undergoing cholecystectomy received a single injection of nitroglycerin (0,9 mg) and 8 received amyl nitrite, during a cholangio-kinesimetry. The maximum fall in common bile duct pressure was similar in both group; 3.2 +/- 0.3 torr after nitroglycerin (NTG),3.8 +/- 0.6 torr after amyl nitrite (AN). NTG caused a more persistent lowering of pressure than AN; 614 +/- 42 seconds/343 +/- 27 seconds (p < 0.001). This study showed that it is possible to produce a relaxation of biliary tract muscle fibres with an injection of nitroglycerin and then replace amyl nitrite during anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Near-fatal methemoglobinemia after recreational inhalation of amyl nitrite aerosolized with a compressed gas blower.

Adverse effects associated with recreational inhalation of nitrites are usually mild and rarely life-threatening. We report a rare case of near-fatal methemoglobinemia after inhalation of amyl nitrite after aerosolizing the liquid using a compressed gas blower designed to clean photographic equipment that employed hydrofluoroalkane-134a as a propellant. A 31-year-old previously healthy male became dyspneic and fainted soon after the recreational inhalation of amyl nitrite aerosolized using a compressed gas blower. He was brought to the emergency department with severe cyanotic appearance and profound shock. Oxygen saturation was 82%, unresponsive to oxygen supply. His methemoglobin blood level was 52.2%. After 100 mg of methylene blue (2 mg/kg body weight) was administered intravenously, he recovered consciousness, and dyspnea and cyanosis subsided gradually. This case illustrates the extraordinary hazard of the use of a compressed gas blower in the recreational inhalation of nitrites. Prompt recognition and rapid antidotal treatment may adequately correct near-fatal overdose associated with recreational use of amyl nitrite.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Idiopathic priapism treated with inhalation of amyl nitrite.

Presented is a case of idiopathic priapism that was successfully treated with inhalation of amyl nitrite. Routine treatment measures had failed. The same patient presented on several other occasions in a similar fashion. Each time amyl nitrite was successful. An investigation for diseases known to be associated with priapism proved negative. Due to the frequency of recurrences, definitive surgical management was offered. The patient refused and has been lost to follow up.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Cellular immunotoxicity of amyl nitrite.

Functional deficits in lymphocyte interaction following occasional or chronic exposure to inhaled nitrites may be a potential contributing but not the etiologic factor in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We evaluated the effect of amyl nitrite vapors on mononuclear cell function and demonstrated functional deficits and structural alterations in these cells. In this closed, in vitro system, exposure of cells to amyl nitrite for up to 30 minutes did not effect cell viability. The functional deficits demonstrated were: inhibition of lymphocyte erythrocyte (E) rosette formation, a suppression of lymphocyte mitogen (phytohemagglutinin) and antigen (cytomegalovirus) transformation, a block in the S, G2 and M phases of cell cycling and diminished cell cytotoxicity to CMV infected cells. These effects on cellular function were demonstrated following 5, 10, and 15 minutes of amyl nitrite vapor exposure; some effect on all cellular functions was demonstrated at 5 minutes. The structural alterations seen on scanning and transmission electron micrographs were: reduction of filapodia, smoothing of the cell profile, cytoplasmic protrusions with pseudopod-like extensions, an increase in rough endoplasmic reticulum with swollen cisternae, alterations in size and distribution of golgi components and exocytotic vesicles in the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. These vesicles and increased membrane proliferation suggests an effect on the membrane synthesis mechanism in these cells. These effects may be a potential factor in the alterations of phenotypic markers on T lymphocyte populations, as well as, a potential contributing factor in the functional deficit of mononuclear cells in patients with AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1979

Amyl nitrite use among homosexual men.

The authors interviewed 150 homosexual men to determine the relationship between use of amyl nitrite and certain aspects of homosexuality. They found that the use of amyl nitrite is strongly related to a number of unconventional, deviant sexual practices and to certain medically related problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Amyl nitrite related deaths.

Two cases of death associated with amyl nitrite are discussed. An attempt is made to highlight its noxious properties and the difficulty in attributing death to it when inhaled.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1993

Subtle features of the hemodynamic response to amyl nitrite inhalation: new aspects of an old tool.

Although amyl nitrite inhalation (ANI) antedates all current short acting vasodilators as a clinically useful pharmacologic stressor, few clinicians are aware of the subtle hemodynamic actions of this agent. This study examined transients in left and right heart hemodynamics after ANI in seven men (ages 44 +/- 7 years) undergoing elective cardiac catheterization. High-fidelity central aortic (AoP), left ventricular (LVP), pulmonary artery (PAP), right ventricular (RVP), and right atrial (RAP) pressures were simultaneously recorded from left and right heart multisensor catheters. As expected, ANI caused an acute fall in Ao pressure (27%; p < 0.01) and reflex tachycardia (p < 0.001). Little change was noted in PAP, RVP, RAP, or LV end-diastolic pressures or the time constant of LV isovolumetric relaxation (tau). LV ejection time decreased 23 +/- 10 ms (p < 0.05) and RV ejection time did not change. Baroreflex sensitivity was similar during pressure fall and recovery (6.4 +/- 4.5 vs. 6.1 +/- 3.6 ms/mmHg), however hysteresis (p < 0.05) was noted. Aortic pressure waveforms also changed following ANI. Changes were determined to be in part a consequence of the attenuation and delay in arterial wave reflections. This study extends the understanding of the complex nature of the hemodynamic response associated with ANI.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1991

Dynamic changes in left ventricular outflow tract flow velocities after amyl nitrite inhalation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Doppler echocardiography was performed in 21 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC), in nine patients with no evidence of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy by two-dimensional echocardiography, and in five patients with systemic hypertension and concentric LV hypertrophy. The LV outflow tract (LVOT) peak velocity was recorded by continuous wave Doppler technique at rest and after amyl nitrite inhalation. The LVOT pressure gradient was calculated by the modified Bernoulli equation. A significant increase in heart rate and a drop in systolic blood pressure were observed in all patients after amyl nitrite inhalation; no adverse effects were encountered. The peak LVOT velocity and pressure gradient increased significantly after provocation in all patients, but the increase was much more pronounced in patients with HC (peak LVOT velocity increased from 2.2 +/- 0.8 to 4.3 +/- 1.0 m/sec and peak gradient increased from 22 +/- 17 to 78 +/- 36 mm Hg). The Doppler spectral signal in patients with HC demonstrated a characteristic contour, with peak velocity occurring in late systole. However, the observed increase in LVOT peak velocity was not statistically different between treated (with beta-blockers and calcium blockers) and untreated patients with HC. We conclude that LVOT peak velocity and pressure gradients in patients with HC can be readily assessed by Doppler echocardiography both at rest and after amyl nitrite inhalation. The dynamic changes in LVOT velocity induced by this provocation have certain characteristic features in obstructive HC but appear to be independent of the medical regimen used, at least in the dosages tested in our study.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1999

Irreversible blindness after amyl nitrite inhalation.

PURPOSE: To present a case of blinding bilateral acute optic nerve disease in a 15-year-old male apparently induced by inhalation of amyl nitrite. METHODS: Sequentially over four days he lost his four altitudinal visual hemifields, leaving atrophic discs and only 2/60 and a small field in the better eye. Scannings by CT and MRI and a full laboratory research gave no specific clue to the pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: No similar cases have been described in the more than 100-year history of pharmacological use of amyl nitrite for angina pectoris, and pharmacologically it is hard to point out a rationale behind the sequential visual loss As an alternative to frank toxicity, therefore, we have considered a parainfectious mechanism as related to an influenza-like disease immediately prior to the abuse episode.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of velocity and volumetric indexes of left ventricular filling during increased heart rate with exercise and amyl nitrite.

Physiologic variables, such as heart rate, affect the noninvasive indexes of left ventricular filling, complicating the interpretation of these indexes for clinical assessment of diastolic function. We compared the effect in normal subjects of increased heart rate provoked by both exercise and amyl nitrite on noninvasive velocity and volumetric indexes of left ventricular filling. Velocity indexes were affected in a different pattern with exercise compared with amyl nitrite because peak E wave velocity and relative atrial contribution to filling increased with exercise. In contrast, the volumetric index of rapid left ventricular filling increased similarly with both mechanisms. These findings demonstrate the importance of recognizing the different effects on indexes of left ventricular filling when heart rate is increased by different methods.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effects of amyl nitrite on left ventricular systole times in normal subjects and those with aortic valvulopathy. Echophonomechanographic assessment].

Echophonomechanographic traces showing systole times, the circumferential restriction time, and the ejection fraction were compared in normal subjects, those with aortic stenosis, and those with aortic insufficiency under basal conditions and after 45" inhalation of amyl nitrite. Significant changes in these parameters after stimulation were noted in the normal subjects only, while the differences between the two groups of patients and the controls were also statistically significant under both experimental conditions. The fact that the diseased subjects did not reach the values noted in the controls is attributed to a latent contractility defect under basal conditions that is rendered evident by amyl nitrite. Stress is laid on the usefulness of the drug in the detection of left ventricle myocardial contraction defects via the analysis of ventricular function.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effect of amyl nitrite inhalation on the abnormal T loop of vectorcardiogram.

The effect of amyl nitrite (AN) on the vectorcardiographic T loop was studied in 17 cases who had negative T waves in the left chest leads of ECG. Thirty sec after AN inhalation the maximum T vector was displaced to the left and anteriorly in 15 and to the left and posteriorly in 2 cases. The magnitude of maximum spatial T vector was decreased and the spatial T loop became more circular. Changes in the amplitude of T loop projected to the scalar lead X were closely related with changes in the heart rate which would represent the sympathetic tone.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Ferrihaemoglobin formation by amyl nitrite and sodium nitrite in different species in vivo and in vitro.

The ferrihaemoglobin (HbFe3+) formation by amyl nitrite (AN) or sodium nitrite (NaNO2) was studied in different species including man, in vivo and in vitro. In in vivo studies AN was administered intravenously (i.v.), intramuscularly (i.m.), by inhalation, or orally. NaNO2 was injected i.v.. AN i.v. produced HbFe3+ much more rapidly than NaNO2 in dogs, cats, rabbits, and rats. In dogs, i.m. injection of AN was followed by a very slow linear increase in the HbFe3+ content. Inhalation of AN did not lead to HbFe3+ formation in dogs unless it was rebreathed in a closed (bag) or not completely open (gas mask) system. HbFe3+ was produced by oral AN in dogs, the effect being enhanced by addition of DMSO. Inhalation of AN by human volunteers in a gas mask and from ampoules crushed close to the nose did not induce haemoglobin oxidation to a practically significant extent, but it was associated with headache, tiredness, dizziness, and a fall in blood pressure. In in vitro studies, in contrast to NaNO2, AN produced HbFe3+ instantaneously in erythrocytes of various species and in purified human haemoglobin. AN 1 mol yielded 2 mol Fe3+. Only 20% of the oxygen released during the oxidation of haemoglobin by AN or NaNO2 was recovered. In 0.2 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, 0.01 mol O2/mol AN was consumed. CO2 was released in the presence of AN, but not of NaNO2, from blood, plasma, and 0.02 M NaHCO3 solution. The ratio (lactate)/(pyruvate) decreased when HbFe3+ was formed by AN or NaNO2.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1976

NMR analysis of pharmaceuticals XIV: determination of amyl nitrite in its inhalant dosage form.

An NMR procedure is described for the analysis of amyl nitrite as a drug entity and in inhalant dosage forms. The choices of solvent (carbon tetrachloride) and internal standards (biphenyl or benzyl benzoate) were made with respect to stability problems and the presence of stabilizers in the formulation. The method is precise, with a standard deviation of +/-0.5. The NMR results of synthetic solutions and commercial preparations were compared with those obtained by a published relative NMR procedure and a compendial titrimetric method. The results were generally satisfactory.

Amyl Nitrite↗