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PubMed1992

Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of khellin and visnagin in Ammi visnaga fruits and pharmaceutical formulations.

An improved, simple, selective, and sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay for khellin and visnagin in Ammi visnaga L. fruits was developed by using an internal standardized technique. The HPLC column was a reversed-phase microBondapack C18 column, the mobile phase was water: methanol:acetonitrile (49:49:2), and the flow rate was 1.5 mL/min. Khellin and visnagin were detected and analyzed with a spectrophotometer set at 250 nm. Results of the HPLC analysis indicate a relative standard deviation of less than 0.04%. The analytical procedure was used for the quantification of khellin in various pharmaceutical dosage forms, such as ampules, tablets, and suppositories, with relative standard deviations of 1.2, 1.4, and 1.7%, respectively. As little as 10 ng of khellin or visnagin could be detected accurately in less than 13 min.

Calibration↗
PubMed1996

New possible molluscicides from Calendula micrantha officinalis and Ammi majus. II. Molluscicidal, physiological, and egg-laying effects against Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus truncatus.

In the present study, the effects of CuSo4 and crude extracts of the different parts of Calendula micrantha officinalis and Ammi majus, i. e., leaves, stems, roots, and flowers, on adult Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus truncatus were investigated. Generally, leaves and flowers of both plants exhibited marked potency in killing the snail vectors of schistosomiasis. The recorded LC50 and LC90 values showed that C. officinalis was more toxic to both snails than A. majus, and B. truncatus are more sensitive to the extracts of both plants than B. alexandrina. Snails that are produced from snails previously exposed to low doses were more sensitive to the tested extracts, which may give primary indication of no possibility of inherited resistance. Moreover, prolonged exposure to the sublethal concentrations of A. majus have a definite lethal effect on the egg laying and longevity of both snails. Also, treatment with sublethal doses of both plants clearly inhibited the transaminase activity (ALAT, ASAT), diminished the total protein content, and increased markedly total lipid contents in the hemolymph of both snails.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed2005

Use of supplementary genotypes in AMMI analysis.

Improving stability of crop yield in a target production environment is an important breeding objective. It is well known that selection for better stability generally results in lower mean yields and, conversely, that selection for higher mean yields may lead to poorer stability. This paper explores the equivalence between the singular value decomposition used in AMMI analysis and the spectral decomposition used in principal components analysis. This equivalence enables scores of a "supplementary genotype" made up of the highest yield value within each environment to be obtained, and these may serve as the ideal check treatment for selection purposes. These scores are used to (1) display this check in a biplot graph, thereby providing a qualitative comparison with the real genotypes related to their interaction with environments; (2) obtain estimates of the squared distances from the projection of each real genotype to the projection of the "supplementary treatment", thereby allowing conclusions to be made on the yield stability of each real genotype. This procedure was effective in identifying the most stable soybean cultivars in an example shown for illustration.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2026

The first complete genome sequence of Ammi majus latent virus from the new natural host culantro.

A potyvirus (isolate AMLV-CQ) infecting culantro (Eryngium foetidum L.) imported from Vietnam was identified by RT-PCR. The complete genome sequence of AMLV-CQ was determined to be 9,549 nucleotides in length. It contains a large open reading frame encoding a 3,082-amino-acid putative polyprotein, flanked by 5´ and 3´ untranslated regions (UTRs) of 77 and 226 nt, respectively. AMLV-CQ is closely related to five other completely sequenced potyviruses, sharing 68-69% nucleotide and 69-70% amino acid sequence identity. However, the coat protein (CP) gene shares 89% nucleotide and 93% amino acid sequence identity with that of a partially sequenced potyvirus, Ammi majus latent virus (isolate AMLV-WF17). These results suggest that AMLV-CQ and AMLV-WF17 are isolates of the same species. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a complete genome sequence of an AMLV isolate, and culantro was identified as a new natural host for this virus. In addition, a one-step RT-PCR assay was developed that provides a rapid, robust, and highly sensitive approach for the detection of AMLV.

Eryngium↗
PubMed1990

Induction of two prenyltransferases for the accumulation of coumarin phytoalexins in elicitor-treated Ammi majus cell suspension cultures.

Two dimethylallyl diphosphate:umbelliferone dimethylallyltransferase (prenyltransferase) activities, catalysing the 6-prenylation and the 7-O-prenylation, respectively, of umbelliferone in the course of phytoalexin synthesis, increased in Ammi majus cell suspension cultures in response to elicitor treatment. Both enzyme activities were dependent on Mg2+ or Mn2+ with significant preference for Mg2+ in the 6-prenylation reaction. Whereas dark-grown cells did not contain these activities, both prenyltransferase activities were induced rapidly by the addition of elicitor reaching a first maximum after 10-14 hr and a second maximum beyond 30 hr. Other coumarin specific, elicitor-induced enzyme activities of A. majus cells, in contrast, showed only one maximum of activity within the 50 hr experimental period, while the pattern of induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity resembled that of the prenyltransferases with maxima at ca 8 hr and 20-30 hr. Preliminary data suggest that the apparent biphasic induction of these enzyme activities is due to post-translational enzyme modifications.

Alkyl and Aryl Transferases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High performance liquid chromatography analysis of the furanochromones khellin and visnagin in various organs of Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. at different developmental stages.

The content of the furanochromones khellin and visnagin, in the organs of Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. at different developmental stages, has been examined. Determinations have been performed by means of a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique which allows both the separation and the quantitative determination of these chromones. Unripe fruits are the richest in both chromones, but the collection of ripe dry fruits--as it occurs in Egyptian folk-medicine--seems more reasonable because they might not undergo degradation processes during desiccation and storage.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1989

Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum and Ammi majus on calcium oxalate urolithiasis in rats.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed and Ammi majus fruit on experimentally-induced kidney stones. Oxalate urolithiasis in male rats was produced by the addition of 3% glycolic acid to their diet. After 4 weeks, highly significant deposition in the kidneys was noticed and changes in water intake and body weight recorded. Daily oral treatment with T. foenum-graecum significantly decreased the quantity of calcium oxalate deposited in the kidneys thus supporting its use in Saudi folk medicine. The effects obtained by A. majus were, however, not significant.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Extract of a spice--omum (Trachyspermum ammi)-shows antiaggregatory effects and alters arachidonic acid metabolism in human platelets.

An ethereal extract of omum (Trachyspermum ammi; Hindustani: ajwan)--a frequently consumed spice--was found to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA), epinephrine and collagen; in this respect it was most effective against AA-induced aggregation. Inhibition of aggregation by omum could be explained by its effect on platelet thromboxane production as suggested by the following experimental observation. (i) Omum reduced TxB2 formation in intact platelet preparations from added arachidonate, and (ii) it reduced the formation of TxB2 from AA-labelled platelets after stimulation with Ca2+-ionophore A23187 by a direct action on cyclooxygenase as it did not affect the release of AA from labelled platelets. An increased formation of lipoxygenase-derived products from exogenous AA in omum-treated platelets was apparently due to redirection of AA from cyclooxygenase to the lipoxygenase pathway.

Arachidonic Acid↗
PubMed1998

Determination of furanochromones and pyranocoumarins in drugs and Ammi visnaga fruits by combined solid-phase extraction-high-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography-high-performance liquid chromatography.

A new, simple and rapid solid-phase extraction method for the determination of furanochromones and pyranocoumarins in Ammi visnaga L. fruits and pharmaceuticals by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was developed. The isolation of compounds examined was carried out on octadecyl BakerBond SPE columns using various concentrations of methanol, acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran in water. High and reproducible recoveries were obtained. To compare the results of quantitative analysis a preparative TLC procedure was also elaborated and carried out.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1998

Acetylated flavonol triglycosides from Ammi majus L.

Two new acetylated flavonol triglycosides: kaempferol and isorhamnetin 3-O-[2"-(4"'-acetylrhamnosyl)-6"-glucosyl] glucosides, were isolated and identified from the aerial parts of Ammi majus L. In addition, three known flavonol glycosides namely; isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside were detected.

Acetylation↗
PubMed2001

Establishment of hairy root cultures of Ammi majus.

Axenically grown Ammi majus plantlets were inoculated with seven different Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains. Hairy root lines were established only after inoculation with the two agropine strains: A4 and LBA9402. The growth rate of hairy root cultures was about thirty times faster than that of callus and cell suspension cultures. Polymerase chain reaction with primers for the genes rolB and rolC confirmed the integration of the T-DNA fragment of Ri plasmid of A. rhizogenes to the genome of hairy roots obtained after transformation by both Agrobacterium strains. The furanocoumarins (psoralen, xanthotoxine, bergapten and imperatorin) usually found in seeds of A. majus were not detected in callus, cell suspension and hairy root cultures using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). However, umbelliferone, a precursor of furanocoumarins, was detected in callus, cell suspension and hairy root cultures. The umbelliferone content in extracts of hairy root cultures, obtained after transformation by A4, was similar to that determined in A. majus seeds (19 µg/g DW) and higher than those obtained for cell suspension and callus cultures (2 and 9 µg/g DW, respectively).

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Occupational allergic rhinitis and contact urticaria caused by bishop's weed (Ammi majus).

Bishop's weed (Ammi majus) has been known to induce toxic phytophotodermatitis. We now describe IgE-mediated rhinitis and contact urticaria caused by exposure to bishop's weed in a 31-year-old atopic female florist. A skin prick-prick test with bishop's weed flowers gave an 8-mm wheal, and the bishop's weed-specific IgE level in the patient's serum was 9.7 PRU/ml (RAST class 3). In an immunoblotting experiment with the patient's serum, nine IgE-binding protein bands with the molecular weights 19, 34, 39-41 (doublet), 52-61 (doublet), and >67 (triplet) kDa were detected in bishop's weed extract. The patient became symptomless after she had ceased to work as a florist.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The involvement of a Ca2+ channel blocking mode of action in the pharmacology of Ammi visnaga fruits.

Based on a screening program of medicinal plants for their possible calcium antagonistic mode of action, the most active lipophilic extract of Ammi visnaga fruits (DAB 10) was fractionated by CC and investigated pharmacologically at K+ (60 mM)-depolarized guinea-pig aortic strips. Visnadin, khellin, and visnagin were identified and determined as the effective principles in this testing model with the dihydropyranocoumarin visnadin being the most active. Further selectivity tests against norepinephrine (100 microM)-induced contractions evaluated a possible pharmacological differentiation between these compounds as the furanochromones khellin and visnagin inhibited both spasms to a similar extent while visnadin's activity was significantly higher against K(+)-spasms, suggesting an involvement of a calcium channel blocking mode of action for visnadin.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

SAS applications for Tai's stability analysis and AMMI model in genotype x environmental interaction (GEI) effects.

A user-friendly graphical data analysis to perform stability analysis of genotype x environmental interactions, using Tai's stability model and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) biplots, are presented here. This practical approach integrates statistical and graphical analysis tools available in SAS systems and provides user-friendly applications to perform complete stability analyses without writing SAS program statements or using pull-down menu interfaces by running the SAS macros in the background. By using this macro approach, the agronomists and plant breeders can effectively perform stability analysis and spend more time in data exploration, interpretation of graphs, and output, rather than debugging their program errors. The necessary MACRO-CALL files can be downloaded from the author's home page at http://www.ag.unr.edu/gf. The nature and the distinctive features of the graphics produced by these applications are illustrated by using published data.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1975

Histology of the iris in geese and ducks photosensitized by ingestion of Ammi majus seeds.

Geese and ducks were photosensitized by the ingestion of Ammi majus seeds, and exposure to sunlight. Mydriasis was a characteristic clinical feature of this syndrome in both species. Histologically the iris of the affected birds showed vacuolisation and varying degrees of atrophy of the muscle of the sphincter pupillae. The effect of pilocarpine and physostigmine on the normal and mydriatic eyes was studied. The possible mode of action of photosensitization and the significance of these findings in the light of the use of psoralens in human medicine is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1965

Visnagin: biosynthesis and isolation from Ammi visnagi suspension cultures.

During an examination of Ammi visnaga Lam. suspension cultures for the biosynthesis of furanochromones and related medicinal compounds, visnagin was isolated in crystalline form and identified. Thus, certain medicinally important secondary plant metabolites may be produced in appreciable amounts by plant tissue cultures.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1997

Ergotism and photosensitization in swine produced by the combined ingestion of Claviceps purpurea sclerotia and Ammi majus seeds.

Poisoning of domestic animals happens frequently in the southeast of Buenos Aires Province (Argentina). Intoxications are produced mainly by the ingestion of plants and mycotoxins, but animals are rarely affected simultaneously by both types of agents. One herd of pigs suffered simultaneous intoxications by ergot alkaloids from Claviceps purpurea sclerotia and furocoumarins from Ammi majus seeds. Pigs were fed a diet composed of wheat (poor quality) or corn and protein and vitamin supplements. This diet was completed with forage sorghum. Nervous signs were first observed 5-7 days after the initiation of feeding the suspect ration. These signs were followed by cutaneous irritation. Snout ulcers, eyelid edema, and conjunctivitis were observed in several piglets. Ten days after the start of feeding the incriminated ration, 8 abortions were observed. Many of the sows that were nursing piglets developed udder edema and teat cracking. Dermal lesions were observed in most of the animals with unpigmented areas in the skin but not in a Duroc-Jersey boar. Removal of the incriminated diet and feeding of another diet prepared with good-quality wheat allowed all the animals to recover in 15 days. The herd experienced normal pregnancies and parturitions, litter sizes, and piglet weights when fed a cleaned portion of the poor-quality wheat. No photosensitization lesions were observed. Examination of impurities in the suspected wheat indicated the presence of 2.2% of A. majus seeds and 0.14% of C. purpurea sclerotia. The quantitative analysis indicated the presence of 3.2 g xanthotoxin and 0.65 g bergaptene/100 g A. majus seeds and 0.73 g ergot alkaloids (expressed as ergonovine) per 100 g of C. purpurea sclerotia. Qualitative analysis demonstrated the presence of ergotamine, ergocristine, and ergonovine. These results indicate that clinical signs and lesions were caused by the ingestion of large quantities of these biologically active compounds.

Animal Feed↗