Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “AGGLUTINATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Avidity of antibody and agglutinability of antibody-sensitized latex in latex agglutination test.

This paper describes the avidity of IgG antibody used for preparation of latex sensitized with IgG antibody (IgG-sensitized latex) and the agglutinability of IgG-sensitized latex in slide reversed passive latex agglutination (RPLA). Using immunodiffusion techniques, it was found that anti-canine C-reactive protein (CRP) sera from four rabbits immunized with canine CRP had the same antibody titers. However, the antibodies had different levels of avidity. When lattices were sensitized under the same condition with the IgG antibodies of different avidity levels separated from the above-mentioned antisera using Protein A and canine CRP-Sepharose 4B immunosorbent, these demonstrated different patterns of agglutinability in slide RPLA. The latex sensitized with IgG antibody of higher avidity demonstrated a stronger agglutinability.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1997

The fat emulsion agglutination test: a reliable and cost effective alternative to the latex agglutination test for rapid bedside CRP measurement.

We compared two tests for bedside C reactive protein (CRP) measurement: the latex agglutination test (LAT) and the fat agglutination test (FAT). FAT is based on the property of CRP to agglutinate fat emulsions in the presence of CaCl2. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FAT and LAT to detect a CRP > 10 mg/l, determined with radial immunodiffusion (n = 500 pediatric patients, CRP range 0- > 80 mg/l), were 91%, 82% and 90% respectively for FAT and 82%, 95% and 85% for LAT. FAT reagent could be stabilized with NaN3 (0.02%) for at least one year, when stored at 4 degrees C (n = 49). NaN3 (0.02%) had no effect on agglutination of FAT (n = 40). In conclusion, in pediatric patients, FAT is a reliable and cost effective alternative to LAT, if serum samples are used.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1994

Platelet release reaction during EDTA-induced platelet agglutinations and inhibition of EDTA-induced platelet agglutination by anti-glycoprotein II b/III a complex monoclonal antibody.

To characterize the nature of EDTA-induced platelet agglutination, the spontaneous release of beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) was examined during EDTA-induced platelet agglutinations. A slight release of beta-TG and PF4 was observed when EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood from cases with EDTA-induced platelet agglutination was kept for 60 minutes, whereas a high spontaneous release of these proteins was found from normal blood anticoagulated with EDTA. These findings imply that EDTA-dependent platelet agglutinin may stabilize the platelet membrane surfaces. Secondly, we found that pretreatment of fresh blood with anti-glycoprotein (GP) II b/III a complex monoclonal antibody dramatically reduced EDTA-induced platelet agglutinations. This study indicated that the binding sites of EDTA-dependent antibody might be GP II b/III a complex. The use of an anti-GP II b/III a complex monoclonal antibody may be useful in avoiding analytical errors in some cases with EDTA-induced pseudothrombocytopenia.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Agglutination-separation reactions of red blood cells sensitized with Newcastle disease virus: quantities, agglutination characteristics, and serology of altered virus and HN spikes released following neuraminidase reactivation.

Red blood cells (RBC) become sensitized following the elution of strain 575 Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The neuraminidase (NA) in the haemagglutinin (HA)-sialic acid configuration is inactive. The HA on sensitized RBC agglutinates normal RBC. The sialic acid on normal RBC initiated reactivation of the NA-a newly described function. Then normal-sensitized RBC agglomerates separated at 37 degrees C in the irreversible agglutination-separation (AS) reactions. With separation the AS products. HN spikes (150-200 kDa) and altered NDV, which contain fewer HN spikes than intact allantoic NDV, were removed from the sensitized RBC and the NDV membrane. Extraction of HN spikes from the membrane required more sialic acid than the removal of AS products from RBC. Thus 2 reactions were delineated for the orderly removal. Amounts of each released AS product suggest the source of the HN spikes. AS reactions and ether treatment of NDV increased the HA titres up to 19.2 fold. HA-sialic acid configurations were estimated by the amounts of normal RBC agglutinated by sensitized RBC and also by agglutination with fetuin. Elution of B1 vaccine, HN spikes from ether-treated NDV as well as AS products separated on sephadex resulted in incompletely sensitized RBC; fewer configurations were titrated with normal RBC; all failed to respond to anti-NA antibody. In contrast, sensitized RBC or suspensions of 575 NDV, but not the B1 vaccine strain, responded to both anti-NA and anti-HA antibody. Sensitization, slow elution, and responding to anti-NA antibody, which was accompanied by fluorescent foci on sensitized RBC, required intact NDV and the infrequent HA-sialic acid configuration. The NA was inactive for the HA-sialic acid configuration but cleaved fetuin, indicating substrate specificity. An inactive NA would allow time for fusion and NDV penetration rather than elution by an active NA early in NDV infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Sexual Agglutination in the Unicellular Green Alga Chlamydomonas eugametos: Identification and Properties of the Mating Type plus Agglutination Factor.

Gametes of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas eugametos agglutinate via their flagella. The mating type plus agglutination factor was solubilized by relatively mild treatments such as a short pH shock or an osmotic shock indicating that it is an extrinsic membrane component. It was also extracted in the nonionic detergent Triton X-100. A simple two-step procedure consisting of gel filtration over Sepharose 4B-cross-linked followed by anion exchange chromatography of the void volume yielded an electrophoretically pure preparation of a single high molecular weight glycoprotein. The agglutination factor sedimented as a 9.3 S particle (assuming a density of 1.50) in sucrose gradients. This low value, compared with the high apparent molecular weight seen during gel filtration and electrophoresis, suggests that the agglutination factor is a rod-like molecule. This was confirmed by viewing rotary-shadowed preparations in the electron microscope. A population of long slender molecules was revealed (328 +/- 20 nanometers), many of which had a knob at one end and a flexible region about one fourth of the length from the other end.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1975

The agglutination reactions of Haemophilus paraphrophilus and H. paraphrohaemolyticus, and some observations on the agglutination of H. Aphrophilus and H. haemoglobinophilus (H. canis).

Agglutination tests were used to study the surface antigens of two recently described species of the genus Haemophilus, H. paraphrophilus and H. paraphrohaemolyticus, and their antigenic relationship to other members of the genus. The results obtained with a few strains of H. haemoglobinophilus and H. aphrophilus are also reported. The species H. paraphrophilus appears to be homogeneous; no major cross-reactions were observed. The species H. paraphrohaemolyticus contains at least three serotypes, of which two have been defined in terms of agglutination reactions. Cross-agglutinations occurred between one strain of H. paraphrohaemolyticus and strains of the other V-dependent species, H. parainfluenzae and H. parahaemolyticus. Of the X-dependent species, H. haemoglobinophilus seems to be homogeneous, and the species H. aphrophilus is not. A non-specific antibody against horse blood in the medium occurred erratically and was present in only two antisera, those raised to H. aphrophilus strain Khairat and H. haemoglobinophilus strain no. NCTC8540.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1977

Immunohistological analysis of intravascular agglutination in a case of ABO incompatible blood transfusion by means of mixed cell agglutination reaction.

Applicability of the mixed cell agglutination reaction (MCAR of Davidsohn) in histological examination was tested in a case of ABO incompatible blood transfusion, who had died of severe head injury two days after an accident. Massively disseminated intravascular aggregation of erythrocytes was identified as immune agglutination by the modified method of MCAR (ISHIYAMA & OKADA) with precise knowledge of topographic isoantigen localization in tissues. The immune specific agglutination mimics intravascular changes such as hyperemia, stagnation and hemorrhage derived from various circulatory disturbances obtained in routine autopsy materials.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1974

Immunochemical studies on lipopolysaccharide from agglutinable and non-agglutinable vibrios.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) prepared from Vibrio cholerae and a non-agglutinable (NAG; not agglutinable with O-group I serum according to Gardner and Venkatraman [13]) vibrio strain, isolated from a patient with cholera-like clinical symptoms, have been compared with respect to their chemical composition and immunological behavior. In addition to a significant difference in the chemical composition between the two lipopolysaccharides, the LPS from V. cholerae, unlike that from the NAG vibrio, requires prior treatment with alkali for it to be an effective antigen in the indirect hemagglutination test with sheep cells. It has been suggested that the alkali acts by removing excess O-acetyl group from LPS of agglutinable vibrios. LPS from the NAG vibrio consistently showed a lower antibody response in rabbits in terms of agglutinin and vibriocidal titer. Also, the class of agglutinin antibody elicited by LPS of the NAG vibrio was predominantly immunoglobin M, and that from V. cholerae was immunoglobulin G under comparable conditions.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cathepsin D agglutinators and neutral protease agglutinators in rheumatoid arthritis. II. Production of CDA and NPA by rheumatoid synovium and phagocytosis of CDA by synovial phagocytic cells.

Tissue culture methods demonstrated the production of agglutinators against the cathepsin D site in IgG (CDA) and a neutral protease site in IgG (NPA) by rheumatoid synovial tissue. Seven of 11 specimens from seropositive and 2 of 7 specimens from seronegative RA patients were positive for CDA, whereas 2 of 11 specimens from seropositive and 1 of 7 specimens from seronegative patients were positive for NPA. None of the 6 control specimens was positive for both types of agglutinators. Chromatography of two synovial tissue incubates showed that the CDA were of the IgG type. By the immunofluorescence technique, plasma cells containing CDA were demonstrated in rheumatoid synovial tissue and draining lymph nodes of rheumatoid joints. The staining for CDA in the synovium was different from the staining for pepsin agglutinators in adjacent sections. Phagolysosomes containing CDA were found in synovial exudate cells from rheumatoid patients as well as in phagocytosing lining cells and macrophages of the sublining layer of rheumatoid synovial tissue. These findings suggest that antibodies directed at hidden antigenic sites in IgG revealed by endogenous proteolysis take part in the immune reaction and in the inflammation of rheumatoid joints.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed2002

A comparative study on detection of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale antibodies in meat-type turkeys by dot immunobinding assay, rapid agglutination test and serum agglutination test.

The objectives of the present study were to develop a dot-immunobinding assay (DIA) and a serum agglutination test (SAT) for detection of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, to compare the rapid agglutination test (RAT) and the SAT, and to make a serosurvey of O. rhinotracheale exposure on turkey farms in Turkey. Antiserum against O. rhinotracheale bacterin was prepared in rabbits and 72 serum samples were collected from turkeys with respiratory signs on four farms. Comparison of the tests showed that 55.5, 48.6 and 40.3% of serum samples were positive by RAT, SAT and DIA, respectively. The sensitivity of the DIA appeared to be lower than that of the agglutination tests but the specificity is not known.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Latex agglutination and adenoviruses. I. Detection of polyclonal antibodies by latex agglutination test.

A latex agglutination (LA) test was developed for the detection and measurement of polyclonal anti-adenovirus antibodies. Latex particles, coated with purified hexon, penton or fibre antigens displayed specific agglutination with 21 rabbit immune sera directed against the different antigens and the complete virus of 10 human and 2 animal adenovirus types. The sensitivity of LA was compared to that of passive haemagglutination, complement fixation (CF) and immunodiffusion reactions. In experiments with immune sera as well as with human serum samples the sensitivity of LA test proved to be in the same range as that of CF test. Because of its easy and rapid performance (slide agglutination within 4 min) LA method may substitute for CF reaction in serological adenovirus diagnosis.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1980

Concanavalin A agglutinability of dextran gel spheres. A physical model for cells agglutination.

Dextran is a polysaccharide which can interact with concanavalin A, and insolubilized dextran spheres are available with different degrees of swelling in water. One grade of these dextran gel spheres can be agglutinated extensively by concanavalin A, while another grade with the same binding constant is not affected. Photomicrographs and measurement by capillary suction show that deformability and good contact between these gel spheres can be correlated with their agglutinability.

Agglutination↗
PubMed2004

Serological survey of Leishmania infection in dogs from the municipality of Peso da Régua (Alto Douro, Portugal) using the direct agglutination test (DAT) and fast agglutination screening test (FAST).

Leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum is a prevalent disease in dogs and humans. A serological survey of Leishmania infection in dogs was carried out in the endemic region of Alto Douro (north Portugal). Two hundred and ninety-four dogs from the municipality of Peso da Régua were examined for clinical signs of canine leishmaniasis (CanL), and sera samples were evaluated by the direct agglutination test (DAT) and the fast agglutination screening test (FAST). The sero-prevalence of infection was 20.4%, after screening the study population by FAST and subsequent confirmation by DAT. The overall prevalence of disease was 3.1%. Only 15.0% of the sero-positive dogs had clinical signs of CanL. A high degree of agreement (88.4%; kappa value = 0.71) was found between DAT and FAST. This study further demonstrates that FAST can be used as a simple, rapid and sensitive screening test for canine Leishmania infection in areas of high endemicity and, together with DAT, is a valuable tool in the assessment of CanL.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1998

The latex agglutination test: standardization and comparison with direct agglutination and dot-ELISA in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in India.

Laboratory diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is usually based on the detection of Leishmania amastigotes in samples of bone marrow or splenic aspirate obtained by invasive procedures. Serological tests serve as a useful adjunct and are especially valuable in early or highly immune cases where amastigotes may be too scanty to be seen easily. The direct agglutination test (DAT) is generally considered the most suitable of the four types of tests currently employed (IFAT, counter immuno-electrophoresis, ELISA and DAT). However, the latex agglutination test (LAT) was recently reported to be a rapid and sensitive screening tool for VL and one which could be carried out at the patient's bedside. Further standardization and evaluation of LAT has now revealed that although it is comparable with DAT and dot-ELISA in terms of sensitivity it is far inferior because of cross-reactivity with other infections. This lack of specificity makes LAT unsuitable for routine diagnosis of VL even though it is rapid and sensitive. DAT still appears to be the best choice as a diagnostic tool, as it is very specific and does not require expensive equipment or reagents or much technical competence and the result can be visually interpreted. These merits make DAT very suitable for the diagnosis of VL in endemic areas of India.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of the agglutination and the co-agglutination techniques in T-tying of Streptococcus pyogenes.

A comparison of two different methods in T-typing 200 Norwegian group A strains is reported. The traditional agglutination technique was compared with the co-agglutination method of Christensen and co-workers. Fifty-five strains could not be typed by either method. The typing results for 128 of the strains were in agreement. The most common T types were the folloiwng: 1, 4, 8, 12, 13, 28, and strains belonging to the T pattern 5/11/12/27/44.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of five commercial tests: complement fixation, microparticle agglutination, indirect immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and latex agglutination, in comparison to immunoblotting for Mycoplasma pneumoniae serology.

A panel of 68 serum specimens from 41 subjects exhibiting various immunological patterns to Mycoplasma pneumoniae as determined by detection of a 180 kDa protein in immunoblotting was used to compare five commercially available tests based on different methods: complement fixation test (CFT), microparticle agglutination (MAG), indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa), and latex agglutination (LA). The tests were performed according to the manufacturers' instructions. For the determination of immunity to M pneumoniae, the five tests were in good accordance with immunoblotting: sensitivity was 100% for all the five assays, specificity ranged from 95.6% (MAG) to 82.6% (Elisa) and overall agreement ranged from 98.2% (MAG) to 92.8% (Elisa). The comparisons of antibody rates obtained by the four quantitative tests (CFT, MAG, IFA, Elisa) showed correlation coefficients ranging from 0.87 (CFT-IFA) to 0.67 (CFT-Elisa). Six significant antibody rises demonstrated by immunoblotting patterns were detected by all the tests but Elisa in one case. As a whole, the commercial assays gave satisfactory results for routine determination of immune status to M pneumoniae: CFT was the cheapest test and MAG and LA were the easiest to perform.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Highly specific agglutinating O- and OK-immunoglobulins for identification of Escherichia in the agglutination test on glass].

Escherichia agglutinating O- and OK-immunoglobulins of class G were obtained by the method of ion exchange chromatography; in studying with live and heated O- and K- cultures of the test strains from the International escherichia collection these immunoglobulins proved to be diagnostically highly specific and useful for the identification of escherichia strains in the express agglutination reaction on glass.

Agglutination Tests↗