Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ADOLESCENCE”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Stigmatization of Hispanic children, pre-adolescents, and adolescents with mental illness: exploration using a national database.

This paper examines descriptive statistics for the primary payer, length of stay, and admission source of an acute care hospitalization of Hispanic children--pre-adolescents, and adolescents with a primary psychiatric Diagnostic Related Group (DRG)--and relates these variables to the concept of stigma. This paper was a secondary analysis that used data from the National Inpatient Sample database. Psychosis was the most frequent diagnosis of Hispanic youth who were hospitalized. More Hispanic pre-adolescents had a psychiatric DRG than any other ethnic group but fewer Hispanic adolescents were diagnosed with a psychiatric DRG than any other ethnic group. For Hispanic pre-adolescents and adolescents, the primary payer was Medicaid versus private insurance for White pre-adolescents and adolescents. The length of stay was approximately the same for all ethnic groups. The admission source differed for Hispanic pre-adolescents and adolescents with the majority of pre-adolescents being admitted routinely and the majority of Hispanic adolescents being admitted through emergency departments. Recommendations are made for future research, clinical practice, and public policy related to the stigmatization of Hispanic children and adolescents with mental illness.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell markers in antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV-infected and high risk seronegative adolescents. Adolescent Medicine HIV/AIDS Research Network.

OBJECTIVE: To examine potential hematologic and immunologic markers for healthy adolescents and for adolescents infected with HIV. DESIGN: The REACH Project (Reaching for Excellence in Adolescent Care and Health) of the Adolescent Medicine HIV/AIDS Research Network (AMHARN) recruits HIV-infected and high-risk HIV-uninfected adolescents, aged at least 13 but less than 19 years. The study evaluates biomedical and behavioral features of HIV infection as observed while under medical care for HIV infection and adolescent health. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected subjects at 16 clinical sites. Cell phenotypes were determined using standard single, dual or three-color flow cytometry. RESULTS: This report includes data at enrollment for 94 HIV-positive adolescents who had never received antiretroviral therapy (ART) (mean age, 17.4 +/- 1.0 years for males and 16.5 +/- 1.3 years for females) and 149 HIV-negative adolescents (mean age, 16.7 +/- 1.2 years for males and 16.6 +/- 1.2 years for females); this is the antiretroviral therapy-naive subset drawn from 294 HIV-positive and 149 HIV-negative adolescents enrolled in the REACH Cohort. The total leukocyte count was significantly reduced in the HIV-positive females in comparison with the HIV-negative females (P < 0.001). There was a reduction in natural killer cells (P < 0.05) in HIV-positive females (mean, 140.6 +/- 104.2 x 10(6) cells/l) in comparison with HIV-negative females (184.3 +/- 142.5 x 10(6) cells/l), whereas no differences were found between the two groups of males. The reduction in the total CD4 cell count in HIV-positive males and females in comparison with the HIV-negative subjects was the consequence of a decrease in both the naive CD4 and memory CD4 components. There was a striking increase in the mean number of CD8 memory cells in HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative adolescents, and a corresponding increase in the percentage of these cells. In contrast, naive CD8 cells were present in increased numbers but their percentage was decreased. CONCLUSIONS: These studies of adolescents provide normative data for high-risk healthy adolescents as well as baseline immunologic data for a cohort of ART-naive HIV-positive adolescents. This comparison suggests that this untreated, recently infected group had relatively intact immunologic parameters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The relationship between salivary cortisol concentrations and anxiety in adolescent and non-adolescent pregnant women.

The main purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between salivary cortisol concentrations and self-report anxiety in 50 adolescent and 178 non-adolescent women during the last month of pregnancy. The subjects were randomly selected from a previous study involving women who attended antenatal care from September 1997 to August 2000 at 17 health services in Southeast Brazil. Salivary cortisol was measured with an enzyme immunoassay kit, and anxiety was assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventories (STAI) of Spielberger. After saliva collection, the participants completed the STAI. Mean concentrations of cortisol for both pregnant adolescents (14.17 +/- 6.78 nmol/l) and non-adolescents (13.81 +/- 8.51 nmol/l) were similar (P = 0.89). Forty-three percent of the pregnant adolescents and 30.5% of the non-adolescents felt anxious at the time of being questioned (State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) scores >40; P = 0.06). Cortisol concentrations in adolescents were negatively related to the SAI scores (r = -0.39; P = 0.01) which assess a temporary condition of anxiety. There was a statistically significant difference in mean cortisol concentrations between adolescents with low (<=40) and high (>40) SAI scores (P = 0.03, t-test), but no differences for non-adolescents. The negative relationship between salivary cortisol concentrations and anxiety scores in adolescents may be due to puberty-related hormone differences during this period of life. Pregnant adolescents may possess unique biological or psychological characteristics compared to adults and non-pregnant adolescents. Thus, we need to know more about the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis of pregnant adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Communicating with children and adolescents about their cancer.

BACKGROUND: Communication with children and adolescents with cancer about their disease and treatment and the implications of these is an important aspect of good quality care. It is often poorly performed in practice. Various interventions have been developed that aim to enhance communication involving children or adolescents with cancer. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of interventions to enhance communication with children and/or adolescents about their cancer, its treatment and their implications. SEARCH STRATEGY: The following electronic databases were searched: Cochrane Library; Medline; PsycLit; Cinahl; Cancerlit; EMBASE; Sociofile; Health Management Information Consortium; ASSIA; LISA; ERIC; PAIS; Information Science Abstracts; Dissertation Abstracts; JICST; Pascal; Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts; Mental Health Abstracts; AMED; MANTIS. Bibliographies of identified studies were also checked and contact made with experts in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and non-randomised controlled trials and before and after studies that evaluated the effects of interventions to enhance communication with children and/or adolescents about their cancer, treatment and related issues. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data relating to the interventions, populations and outcomes studied and the design and methodological quality of included studies were extracted by one reviewer and checked by another reviewer. A narrative summary of the results is presented. MAIN RESULTS: Six studies met the criteria for inclusion. They were diverse in terms of the interventions evaluated, study designs used, types of people who participated and the outcomes measured. One study of a computer-assisted education programme reported improvements in knowledge and understanding about blood counts and cancer symptoms. Two out of two studies of school reintegration programs reported improvements in some aspects of psychosocial wellbeing (one in anxiety and one in depression), social wellbeing (two in social competence and one in social support) and behavioural problems; and one reported improvements in physical competence. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Interventions to enhance communication involving children and adolescents with cancer have not been widely or rigorously assessed. The weak evidence that exists suggests that some children and adolescents with cancer may derive some benefit from specific information-giving programs and from interventions that aim to facilitate their reintegration into school and social activities. More research is needed to investigate the effects of these and other related interventions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Adolescents' experiences of parental employment and parenting: connections to adolescents' well-being.

This paper examines whether the relationship between parental work and adolescents' well-being would be mediated through parenting behaviour. The primary focus was on the experiences of adolescents. Questionnaire-based data from families (both parents and one children, n = 77) and adolescents (n = 126) were collected in Finland in 2000 and 2001, respectively. The adolescents were on average 14 years old. Results showed that the relationships between parents' negative work experiences and adolescents' depression (all perceived by adolescents) were partially mediated by adolescents' experience of lessened autonomy granting in parenting and increased conflicts between parents and adolescents. In addition, the relations between fathers' negative work experiences and adolescents' negative attitude regarding school (all reported by adolescents) were mediated by adolescents' perceptions of increased conflicts between fathers and adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Marital conflict and adolescent distress: the role of adolescent awareness.

The present longitudinal study (1989-1991) of seventh-grade adolescents (173 boys, 197 girls; M age = 12.7 in 1989) living in the rural Midwest examined the influence of children's awareness of marital conflict and reported level of parental hostility on symptoms of adolescent distress. The theoretical model guiding the research indirectly linked marital conflict to adolescent perceptions of parents' hostility through the mediating effects of parents' and observers' report of hostility toward the adolescent and through adolescent awareness of the frequency of interparental conflict. Controlling for earlier levels of psychological distress, we hypothesized a direct path between adolescent report of parent hostility and adolescent maladjustment. Maximum likelihood estimation of the proposed model showed that marital conflict was significantly related to parents' and observers' reports of parent hostility toward the adolescent and to adolescent awareness of conflict frequency. Both parent hostility and adolescent awareness of the frequency of marital conflicts were significantly related to adolescent perceptions of parent hostility. When controlled for earlier distress, adolescent report of parent hostility significantly predicted the later internalizing and externalizing symptoms of these teenagers. The model predicted externalizing problems for boys but not girls. Otherwise, there were no gender differences in the postulated causal processes.

Acting Out↗
PubMed2001

Parent-adolescent conflict and adolescent antisocial and prosocial behavior: a longitudinal study in a Chinese context.

This longitudinal study examined the relationships between parent-adolescent conflict and antisocial and prosocial behavior in Chinese adolescents. Results showed that father-adolescent conflict and mother-adolescent conflict were concurrently related to adolescent antisocial and prosocial behavior. Longitudinal analyses showed that parent-adolescent conflict predicted antisocial behavior but not prosocial behavior. Adolescent antisocial and prosocial behavior was also found to be related to father-adolescent conflict across time. The findings suggest that the linkage between father-adolescent conflict and adolescent social behavior is stronger than that between mother-adolescent conflict and adolescent social behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Peer relations in adolescents: effects of parenting and adolescents' self-concept.

In this study we examined the link between the parent-adolescent relationship and the adolescent's relationship with peers. The proposed model assumes that the quality of the parent-child relationship affects the adolescent's self-concept, which in turn affects the adolescent's integration into the world of peers. The sample consisted of 508 families with adolescents (12- to 18-years-old). The data were obtained at the subjects' homes, where a battery of questionnaires was administered individually to mothers, fathers and adolescents. Several constructs relating to the quality of parent-child relationship were assessed: parental acceptance, attachment, involvement, responsiveness, love withdrawal and monitoring of the child. The measures of the adolescent's self-concept included Harter's Perceived Competence Scale for Adolescents and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale. The indicators of the quality of peer relations were: degree of peer activity, having a best friend, perceived acceptance by peers and attachment to peers. Assessment of the hypothesized model showed that the adolescent's self-concept serves a mediating role in the relationship between maternal child-rearing style and involvement with peers. The mediating role of self-concept was greatest for maternal acceptance. Paternal child-rearing style, however, appeared to have an independent effect on the adolescent's involvement with peers that is not accounted for by the adolescent's self-concept. The prediction of the quality of adolescents' peer relations yielded similar results for both mothers and fathers. The results suggest that a positive self-concept and warm supportive parenting each contribute unique variance to satisfactory peer relations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Adolescent chronic pain: patterns and predictors of emotional distress in adolescents with chronic pain and their parents.

Adolescents with chronic pain also report severe disability and emotional distress. A clinical sample of 80 adolescents and accompanying parents were investigated to first measure the extent of distress, and second to investigate the relationships between adolescent distress, parental distress and adolescent coping. Measures of pain intensity, anxiety, depression, disability and coping were obtained from adolescents. Parents completed measures including their own anxiety, depression and parenting stress. Overall, adolescents reported high levels of disability, depression and anxiety, and parents reported high levels of depression, anxiety and parenting stress. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the best predictors of adolescent emotional distress were the extent to which the adolescents catastrophize and seek social support to cope with the pain. There were no clear predictors of parental anxiety or depression but the specific pattern of parenting stress was best predicted by the younger age of the adolescent, the greater the chronicity of the problem, and the greater the extent of adolescent depression. These findings suggest that emotional coping is a critical variable in the distress associated with adolescent chronic pain. It is argued that adolescent emotional coping may best be understood within a relational context of seeking emotional support.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Parent-adolescent communication and psychological symptoms among adolescents with chronically ill parents.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the psychological adjustment of adolescents living with a chronically ill parent and the relationship between psychological symptoms and communication with both their healthy and ill parents. METHOD: Adolescents, healthy parents, and ill parents from 38 families completed questionnaires regarding adolescent psychological symptoms, including posttraumatic stress symptoms, and parent-adolescent communication. RESULTS: Adolescent anxiety, depression, and behavior problems were within the subclinical ranges while approximately one-third of adolescents reported clinical levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Openness, but not problems, in communication between adolescents and their parents varied as a function of the parent's health status (healthy or ill) and parent sex. Adolescents reported poorer communication with healthy mothers; however only the quality of communication with healthy parents was related to adolescent psychological symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Many adolescents with severely ill parents appear to experience clinically significant posttraumatic stress symptoms, therefore assessment for these symptoms in this population is important. Communication with a healthy parent may serve significant and unique functions for adolescents with ill parents, making communication between adolescents and their healthy parent a potentially useful target for clinical intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adolescent-parent relationships in the context of adolescent chronic pain conditions.

OBJECTIVE: This study explored adolescent-parent relationships in families of adolescents with chronic pain. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on 112 adolescents with chronic pain who presented for clinical evaluation at an outpatient pediatric multidisciplinary pain management clinic. Adolescents reported on pain severity and duration, functional disability, and psychological distress. Parents responded to a measure of adolescent-parent relationship distress. RESULTS: The findings show that as a group, parents of adolescents with chronic pain syndromes reported less adolescent-parent relationship distress compared to normative data. Adolescent-parent relationship distress was inversely correlated with pain severity. A multiple regression model containing indicators of global psychological distress, pain severity, and adolescent-parent relationship distress predicted levels of adolescents' functional disability. Pain severity and functional disability were more closely linked at the low end of Adolescent-Parent Relationship Domain scores. DISCUSSION: The findings suggest important directions for future research to advance our understanding of the role of adolescent-parent relationships in the pain-disability cycle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Comparisons between Thai adolescent voices and Thai adolescent health literature.

Thai adolescents are hesitant to openly talk to adults; however, they are avid users of the Internet. In 2002, faculty of the Boromarajonani College of Nursing, Nopparat Vajira, Thailand, established a webboard to reach out to high school students for questions and answers on adolescent health. Adolescents pose health questions, which are answered by nursing faculty and students. A total of 106 questions were selected for content analysis. Thai adolescent studies for the years 1992 to 2004 were identified from searches of CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases. The selection criteria required that chosen articles have a Thai adolescent health focus, be written in English, and be retrievable. Of the 68 citations identified, 23 studies met inclusion criteria. Content of the Thai adolescent webboard was compared with a content analysis of the retrieved Thai adolescent research. Physiological development, sexuality, and risky behaviors were common literature themes, whereas Thai adolescents expressed concerns about love and dating relationships. Parenting and parent-child relationships were discussed on the webboard but not in the literature. Analysis of the mental health revealed differences between the literature that covered psychosocial change, and the webboard questions concerned with body image, the need for emotional support, and satisfaction and conflicts of friendship. It is recommended that investigators consider incorporating adolescents as research team participants, particularly as they examine mental health promotion, adolescent and family relationships, and concerns of Thai adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Identifying adolescent drug users: results of a national survey on adolescent health in Switzerland.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the proportion and characteristics of adolescents who use illicit drugs and contrast them with adolescents who do not use such drugs in Switzerland. To facilitate the detection of adolescents with drug related difficulties. METHODS: We used data from a national survey on adolescent health in Switzerland (N = 9,273) conducted in 1992 and 1993. The survey is based on self-administered questionnaires among a representative sample of adolescents enrolled in schools and apprenticeship programs. We used exploratory analysis for identifying characteristics which set the drug user apart from non-users and performed confirmatory multivariate logistic regression analysis to examine which variables remain independently associated with heroin or cocaine use. RESULTS: In Switzerland, 3.1% of adolescents have taken heroin or cocaine at least once in their life, and 27.7% have already used cannabis. Analysis of lifestyles and health of adolescents show that young drug users present difficulties in integrating in society, have health problems and difficulties in relationships, situations which tend to be less common among other adolescents. Yet, they also display marked similarities, most notably in that over 70% had seen a physician in the past year. However, while 40% of the drug users expressed a need for help with drug related problems, only 6% had actually talked about them with a physician. Characteristics that remained independently associated with heroin and cocaine use after controlling for confounding factors were age, sex, nationality, type of education, feelings of suicide, past and present smoking, and use of cannabis. CONCLUSION: The level of illicit drug use among Swiss adolescents is high compared to other European countries but lower than the United States. Drug-using adolescents display a constellation of characteristics which should make it possible to identify them and offer help. Yet, even though they may have frequent contact with the health services, their drug problems are generally not recognized by the gatekeepers of the health services and no specific aid is available to them. Drug prevention must be intensified and medical doctors sensitized to the drug problems which adolescents may face.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Practice what we preach? HIV knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors of adolescents and adolescent peer educators.

The purpose of this article is to (a) describe the knowledge, beliefs, and sexual behaviors of urban adolescents and adolescent peer educators, and (b) identify elements needed to design effective HIV/AIDS prevention programs for out-of-school youth. Thirty-three predominantly African American adolescents (female = 14; male = 19) between the ages of 14 and 24 in a large urban city including adolescent (n = 18) and adolescent peer educators (n = 15) participated. Paper-and-pencil questionnaire and focus-group interviewing methods were used. Adolescents and adolescent peer educators had a moderately high level of HIV knowledge, confidence in their ability to use condoms, and beliefs that condom use would not decrease sexual pleasure or imply infidelity. Both groups reported low perceptions of susceptibility of HIV infection. Engagement in sexual risk behavior was low, but was significantly higher among males. Although adolescent male peer educators engaged in a higher frequency of risk behaviors over time, they had a lower frequency of sexual risk behaviors in the past 2 months compared with male adolescents. Study findings showed that HIV prevention interventions need to include information about specific risk behaviors, such as using condoms for oral sex, and cleaning drug paraphernalia. Community-based and church programs, visible HIV prevention messages, specifically those aimed at increasing perceptions of HIV risk, and the development of condom-use skills were identified by adolescents and adolescent peer educators as relevant approaches to reduce HIV infection among this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Overweight, obesity, and health-related quality of life among adolescents: the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health.

OBJECTIVE: Childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity have increased substantially in the past 2 decades, raising concerns about the physical and psychosocial consequences of childhood obesity. We investigated the association between obesity and health-related quality of life in a nationally representative sample of adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the 1996 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a nationally representative sample of adolescents in grades 7 to 12 during the 1994-1995 school year, and 4743 adolescents with direct measures of height and weight. Using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts to determine percentiles, we used 5 body mass categories. Underweight was at or below the 5th percentile, normal BMI was between the 5th and 85th percentiles, at risk for overweight was between the 85th and 95th percentiles, overweight was between the 95th and 97th percentiles + 2 BMI units, and obese was at or above the 97th percentile + 2 BMI units. Four dimensions of health-related quality of life were measured: general health (self-reported general health), physical health (absence or presence of functional limitations and illness symptoms), emotional health (the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and Rosenberg's self-esteem scale), and a school and social functioning scale. RESULTS: We found a statistically significant relationship between BMI and general and physical health but not psychosocial outcomes. Adolescents who were overweight had significantly worse self-reported health (odds ratio [OR]: 2.17; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.34-3.51), as did obese adolescents (OR: 4.49; 95% CI: 2.87-7.03). Overweight (OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.22-2.68) and obese (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.24-1.95) adolescents were also more likely to have a functional limitation. Only among the youngest adolescents (ages 12-14) did we find a significant deleterious impact of overweight and obesity on depression, self-esteem, and school/social functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Using a nationally representative sample, we found that obesity in adolescence is linked with poor physical quality of life. However, in the general population, adolescents with above normal body mass did not report poorer emotional, school, or social functioning.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Family dysfunction in adolescents with suicidal behavior and in adolescents with conduct disorders].

INTRODUCTION: The period of life known as adolescence generally refers to transition from childhood to adulthood. Adolescents' progress toward autonomy involves remaining connected with, as well as separated from parents. Young people and their parents usually have mixed feelings about adolescent autonomy and attachment. An estimated 50% of children born in the 80-s have spent part of their developmental years in single-parent households. Divorce is almost always a stressful event in children's lives. Youthful suicide rate has increased dramatically and is the third leading cause of death among 15-19 year olds. Conduct disorder is one of the mostfrequently diagnosed conditions in adolescents. Suicidal adolescents and adolescents with conduct disorder are much more likely than their peers to have grown up in disrupted, disorganized homes with lack of attachment between parents and their children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study was carried out during 2002, 2003, and 2004. The research included 60 adolescents treated at the Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Novi Sad, 30 with diagnosed conduct disorder and 30 with suicidal behavior. RESULTS: Along with other kinds of distress, suicidal adolescents have experienced an escalation of family problems a few months prior to attempted suicide. DISCUSSION: Divorce and life in singe-parent households is almost always a stressful period in children's lives. Conduct disorder and suicidal behavior represent a desperate cryfor help. Conclusion Most adolescents in both groups live in single-parent households. These young people have frequently passed into adolescence with little reason to feel that they could rely on their parentsfor support, or on their home as a place of sanctuary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Adolescent pregnancy in West Turkey. Cross sectional survey of married adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research was to determine both the fertility characteristics of married adolescent women in Denizli province center and the adolescent pregnancy rate and also some factors that could occur with adolescent pregnancy. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Denizli province center in the year 2001. According to the Turkish Demographic Health Survey 1998 statistics, the percentage of married adolescents between 15-19 years of age who have begun to give birth is 9.3-10.2%. The sample size of 3471 was determined using Epi Info software. To reach this sample size, 5 of the 25 health clinics in Denizli province center were chosen by simple random sampling method. RESULTS: Approximately 6.4% of the adolescents were married, 4.9% had been pregnant as an adolescent, 4.8% had delivered a baby, 23.3% of the married adolescents had never been pregnant, 23.3% were pregnant with their first child, and 51.2% were mothers; 76.7% had been pregnant one or more times. The majority of the married adolescent women in the research group (57.2%) do not use any method of family planning, followed by 15.7% who use an intrauterine device. Age, lower degree of education (less than 8 years) and unemployment were identified as risk factors for adolescent pregnancy. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that although the frequency of adolescent pregnancy in the region is lower than the mean value in Turkey, it is higher compared with other countries. Age, education <8 years and unemployment are risk factors for adolescent pregnancy.

Adolescent↗