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PubMed1989

Purification and N-terminal amino-acid sequences of bacterial malate dehydrogenases from six actinomycetales strains and from Phenylobacterium immobile, strain E.

Malate dehydrogenases from Streptosporangium roseum (DSM 43021), Planomonospora venezuelensis (DSM 43178), Microtetraspora glauca (ATCC 23057), Actinoplanes missouriensis (DSM 43046), Streptomyces atratus (ATCC 14046), Kibdelosporangium aridum (ATCC 39323), and from Phenylobacterium immobile, strain E (DSM 1986) were purified to homogeneity. The N-terminal amino-acid sequences were determined and compared with known prokaryotic and eukaryotic sequence data. The partial sequences from Actinomycetales enzymes include a string of amino acids which is also present in the N-terminal region of malate dehydrogenases from Thermus flavus and from mammalian cytoplasm.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1982

Kitasatosporia, a new genus of the order Actinomycetales.

The morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical characteristics of a new actinomycete strain producing a new antibiotic, setamycin are described. The strain forms aerial mycelia. There is no fragmentation of vegetative mycelia. Since the cell wall type is a new one containing both LL- and meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, glycine and galactose, strain KM-6054 could not be classified in any previously named genera of the order Actinomycetales. Thus, it is considered to be a member of a new genus, for which the name Kitasatosporia is proposed. The type species (monotype) of this genus is K. setalba. The type strain of K. setalba is strain KM-6054 (ATCC 33774).

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1985

Actinomycetales infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Four parenteral drug abusers with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome had nonmycobacterial actinomycetales infections. Three patients had nocardiosis and one developed a streptomyces lymphadenitis. There was pericardial involvement in two patients, and two patients died. Presumptive diagnoses were often incorrect, highlighting the risks of empiric therapy in these patients. Four of the nine patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and nocardia or streptomyces infections whose cases were reported to the Centers for Disease Control also had mycobacterial disease. A common susceptibility to these agents may exist in these immunosuppressed patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1999

[Conjugative transfer of a plasmid from Escherichia coli to various strains of the order Actinomycetales].

The conjugal transfer of autonomous and integrative plasmids from the donor strain Escherichia coli S17-1 to strains of genera Actinomadura, Arthrobacter, Kitasatoa, Micromonospora, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Saccharopolyspora, and to 16 strains of the genus Streptomyces was demonstrated. The status of plasmids in recipient strains and the stability of their inheritance were analyzed. Plasmids constructed for strains of the genus Streptomyces were shown to function in a large number of strains belonging to the order Actinomycetales. The well-developed system of Streptomyces vector molecules and cloned genes of antibiotic biosynthesis allows their transfer to those microorganisms for which conventional techniques of plasmid transfer by regenerated protoplast transformation or electroporation have not been developed or are inefficient.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1992

Actinomycetales infections in slender-horned gazelles: six cases (1987-1989).

Disseminated Actinomycetales infections were diagnosed in 6 slender-horned gazelles at a zoologic park over a 17-month period. Nocardia and Mycobacterium spp were isolated. Possible predisposing causes leading to infection were investigated. Environmental contamination where the gazelles were housed was not high, and other breeds of gazelles at the park did not become infected, indicating that environmental exposure was not the sole factor involved. Information gathered from questionnaires sent to other zoologic parks and personnel communications indicated that this was not an isolated incident. Investigation into the genetic lineage of the gazelles revealed substantial inbreeding in prior generations. These findings suggested inbreeding may have been an important predisposing factor leading to infection. Careful scrutiny to ensure maximal heterozygosity of future breedings is warranted.

Actinomycetales Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative characteristics of the ability to coagulate milk in different representatives of the order Actinomycetales].

The ability to clot milk was studied among 482 cultures of Actinomycetales. The highest activity was manifested by thermophilic actinomycetes, the next come globisporous, white, and gray groups of the genus Actinomyces. Cultures belonging to the genera Mycobacterium and Mycococcus did not clot milk. The ability to clot milk can be used as an additional taxonomic index while studying ray fungi.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1979

[Actinomycetales in cutaneous pathology].

After discussing the classification of the Actinomycetales, the authors give a detailed description of the epidemiology and particularly of the clinical features of cutaneous diseases induced by genera such as Actinomyces, Norcardia and Streptomyces. Histopathological and immunological studies, together with laboratory and differential diagnostics, are also examined. In the last section, present therapeutic treatments are briefly outlined.

Actinomyces↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Rapid selection of microorganisms belonging to the genus Pseudomonas and the order Actinomycetales and producing exocellular lecithinases].

A rapid and simple method is suggested for primary selection of microorganisms producing exocellular lecithinases; the method is based on diffusion of the enzyme into agar containing lecithin. Among 55 studied cultures belonging to the genus Pseudomonas 18 cultures were active. Among 326 studied strains belonging to the order Actinomycetales, 7 strains were active and their level of lecithinase biosynthesis was much higher.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1994

Screening for non-polyenic antifungal antibiotics produced by rare Actinomycetales.

Strains of Actinomycetales (286 in toto) belonging to thirteen genera other than Streptomyces were isolated from different ecosystems in the Algerian Sahara. Among these strains, 32 showed antibiotic activity against at least one of the test organisms comprising four bacteria, two yeasts and several filamentous fungi, and twelve were antagonistic against both bacteria and fungi. The characteristic UV spectra of active extracts revealed that six strains produced non-polyenic antifungal substances and four synthetized polyenic substances. One strain of Spirillospora produced a pentaene antifungal substance. The only antibiotic so far known to be produced by this genus is spirillomycin.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1998

Key enzymes for the degradation of benzoate, m- and p-hydroxybenzoate by some members of the order Actinomycetales.

A preliminary screening of numerous species of the order Actinomycetales, especially of the genera Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Pseudonocardia, and Streptomyces, showed that many of them are able to metabolize benzoate (B) and p-hydroxybenzoate (pHB) as indicated by growth and change of color of the pH-indicator of an agar medium. Subsequent experiments with liquid cultures which allowed the analysis of substrate utilization by thin layer chromatography confirmed these results. The study of the degradative pathway proved that B was metabolized via catechol (C), pHB via protocatechuate (P) and m-hydroxybenzoate (mHB) via gentisate (G). The aromatic ring of C and P was subjected to an ortho-cleavage; only one strain of Noc. asteroides degraded C via a meta-cleavage, but P via an ortho-cleavage. Cell free extracts of four selected organisms exhibited activity of C-1,2-dioxygenase (C-1,2-O) and/or P-3,4-dioxygenase (P-3,4-O), depending on the growth substrate used for precultivation. In Streptomyces C-1,2-O was only found in cells grown on B, and P-3,4-O only in cells grown on pHB. On the contrary, in Rhodococcus rhodochrous B-cells oxidized C as well as P, while P-cells possessed only P-3,4-O-activity.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1979

Studies on Actinomycetales producing antibiotics only on agar culture. I. Screening, taxonomy and morphology-productivity relationship of Streptomyces halstedii, strain SF-1993.

Soil Actinomycetales that produce antibiotics during growth on agar but not in submerged culture were searched for and about 25 strains were obtained. One of these, Streptomyces halstedii, strain SF-1993, which produces an antibiotic designated SF-1993 was studied taxonomically and morphologically. The antibiotic-productivity of strain SF-1993 was correlated with mycelial morphology. The vegetative mycelium was filamentous in antibiotic-producing agar cultures, but fragmented in non-producing submerged cultures. By maintaining submerged cells filamentous, production of antibiotic in the submerged fermentations was accomplished. Filamentation was maintained by the use of diluted media or non-fragmented mutant substrains.

Agar↗