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PubMed1985

Dermal oncogenicity bioassays of monofunctional and multifunctional acrylates and acrylate-based oligomers.

Several important components of photocurable coatings were studied for dermal tumorigenic activity by repeated application to the skin of mice. The substances tested were 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) and methylcarbamoyloxyethyl acrylate (MCEA) (monomers); neopentyl glycol diacrylate (NPGDA), esterdiol-204-diacrylate (EDDA), and pentaerythritol tri(tetra)acrylate (PETA) (cross-linkers); and three acrylated urethane oligomers. For each bioassay, 40 C3H/HeJ male mice were dosed 3 times weekly on the dorsal skin for their lifetime with the highest dose of the test agent that caused no local irritation or reduction in body weight gain. Two negative control groups received acetone (diluent) only. A positive control group received 0.2% methylcholanthrene (MC). NPGDA and EHA had significant tumorigenic activity with tumor yields of eight and six tumor-bearing mice (three and two malignancies), respectively. The MC group had 34 mice with carcinomas and 1 additional mouse with a papilloma. MCEA had no dermal tumorigenic activity but resulted in early mortality. No skin tumors in the treatment area were observed in the other groups. Additional studies will be necessary to elucidate possible relationships between structure and tumorigenic activity for the acrylates.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1989

Allergic contact dermatitis from dental composite resins due to aromatic epoxy acrylates and aliphatic acrylates.

7 patients were occupationally sensitized to dental composite resin products (DCR): 6 dental nurses and 1 dentist. All had a positive patch test to their DCR. 2 independent types of allergy were seen; (a) aromatic epoxy acrylate, and/or (b) aliphatic acrylates. 4 out of 5 patients reacted to BIS-GMA, the most widely used aromatic epoxy acrylate in DCR, but not the dentist. She and 2 dental nurses were allergic to aliphatic acrylates, including triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TREGDMA) and triethylene diglycol diacrylate (TREGDA). 4 patients were allergic to epoxy resin (ER) (containing mainly MW 340), possibly an impurity in some DCR. 2 patients were also allergic to methyl methacrylate (MMA): the dentist, had been exposed to MMA, but the nurse's exposure was uncertain. 1 patient was also allergic to rubber gloves, 2 to rubber chemicals but not their gloves, and 5 to disinfectants used. diagnosis was delayed as long as 13 years in spite of previous patch testing. Dermatologists need to use the patients' own DCR and the (meth)acrylate series for patch testing. No dental nurses could continue their occupation, but the dentist could occasionally handle DCR if wearing PVC gloves. Dental personnel need to know about the risks of DCR, and use no-touch techniques and protective gloves.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2002

Ex vivo bioadhesion and in vivo testosterone bioavailability study of different bioadhesive formulations based on starch-g-poly(acrylic acid) copolymers and starch/poly(acrylic acid) mixtures.

Starch-g-poly(acrylic acid) copolymers or grafted starches synthesized by 60Co irradiation or chemical modification and co-freeze-dried starch/poly(acrylic acid) mixtures were evaluated on their ex vivo bioadhesion capacity. The buccal absorption of testosterone from a bioadhesive tablet formulated with the grafted starches or starch/poly(acrylic acid) mixtures was investigated. The results were compared to a reference formulation (physical mixture of 5% Carbopol 974P and 95% Drum Dried Waxy Maize). Rice starch-based irradiated grafted starches showed the best bioadhesion results. Partial neutralization of the acrylic acid with Ca(2+) ions resulted in significantly higher bioadhesion values compared to the reference. Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) partially neutralized maltodextrin-based irradiated grafted starches showed significantly higher bioadhesion values compared to the reference formulation. The chemically modified grafted starches showed significantly higher adhesion force values than for the reference tablet. None of the co-freeze-dried starch/poly(acrylic acid) mixtures showed significantly higher bioadhesion results than the reference (Bonferroni test, P<0.05). A chemically modified grafted starch could sustain the 3 ng/ml plasma testosterone target concentration during +/- 8 h (T(>3 ng/ml)). By lyophilization of a partially neutralized irradiated grafted starch, the in vivo adhesion time (22.0 +/- 7.2 h) and the T(>3 ng/ml) (13.5 +/- 1.3 h) could be increased. The absolute bioavailability of the lyophilized formulation approached the reference formulation. Some of the grafted starches showed to be promising buccal bioadhesive drug carriers for systemic delivery.

Adhesives↗
PubMed2005

Measuring the mutual diffusion coefficient for dodecyl acrylate in low molecular weight poly(dodecyl acrylate) with laser line deflection (Wiener's Method) and the fluorescence of pyrene.

Diffusion of small molecules into glassy polymers is quite complicated and almost always non-Fickian. Little work has been done with the diffusion of low molecular weight polymers that are liquids at room temperature (such as poly(dodecyl acrylate)) into their miscible monomers. We have studied three molecular weights under 20 000 to determine if poly(dodecyl acrylate) diffusion into dodecyl acrylate could be treated with Fick's law and if so to determine the values of the diffusion coefficients. We compare two methods for measuring the diffusion of dodecyl acrylate into poly(dodecyl acrylate): We used laser line deflection (Wiener's method) and improved upon the method from published reports. We also used the dependence of pyrene's fluorescence on the viscosity to measure the concentration distribution, and thus to extract the diffusion coefficient. After an initial relaxation period, diffusion in all cases followed Fick's law with a single concentration-independent diffusion coefficient. Comparison of the diffusion coefficients obtained by both methods yielded the same order of magnitude for the diffusion coefficients (10(-7) cm2/s) and showed the same trend in the dependence on the average molecular weight of the polymer (a decrease in the diffusion coefficient with an increase in the molecular weight).

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

Mechanical properties of hydrophilic copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate with ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, and dodecyl methacrylate.

Copolymers were prepared of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, which is strongly hydrophilic, with hydrophobic comonomers having a low glass transition temperature, i.e., ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, and dodecyl methacrylate. The glass transition temperature, T alpha (1 Hz), of polymers in the dry state (xerogels) was determined by means of dynamic mechanical measurements. The dependence of T alpha on composition in all the three series of copolymers was described in terms of a one-parameter equation. The equilibrium swelling of copolymers in water decreases more steeply than the weight fraction of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. When swollen in water to equilibrium, all copolymers with ethyl acrylate or n-butyl acrylate are in the rubberlike state; their tensile modulus E assumes values in the range 0.17-0.50 MPa. While poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) has the modulus E = 0.39 MPa, the tensile strength sigma u = 0.32 MPa, and the strain-at-break epsilon u = 1.81, for the weight fraction of the comonomer in the range 0.36 less than or equal to omega 2 less than or equal to 0.56 it is possible to achieve sigma u and epsilon u lying in the respective ranges 0.7-0.9 MPa and 5-7. Copolymers with the dodecyl methacrylate content omega 2 less than 0.2 or omega 2 greater than 0.8 are rubberlike, and at 0.30 less than or equal to omega 2 less than or equal to 0.62 they become leathery; the latter have the modulus E and strength sigma u within the ranges 12-32 and 3-4 MPa, respectively. The stress-strain curves of these copolymers evidence yielding and orientation hardening which have been tentatively explained by the nonhomogeneous composition and structure of the copolymers.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1989

Non-genotoxicity of acrylic acid and n-butyl acrylate in a mammalian cell system (SHE cells).

Acrylic acid (AA), ethyl acrylate (EA) and n-butyl acrylate (BA) are widely used in the production of plastics, coatings and acrylic fibres. Occupational exposure occurs primarily via inhalation and/or skin contact. In chronic inhalation experiments EA and BA did not induce neoplastic changes in rats and mice (Klimisch and Reininghaus 1984; Miller et al. 1985). Additional investigations showed that AA and BA were not carcinogenic in mice after chronic dermal application (De Pass et al. 1984). However, recently other authors reported a weak carcinogenic potential of AA and BA after chronic dermal administration to mice (Cote et al. 1986). The conditions of the latter study lead to the suggestion that the observed tumours had developed secondarily due to the local irritating and corrosive properties of AA and BA. This view is supported by the negative results of AA, EA and BA in the conventional Ames test (Waegemaekers and Bensink 1984). Mutagenicity data in mammalian cell systems of EA were equivocal (Henschler 1986) and were lacking for AA and BA. For this reason the mutagenic potential of AA and BA was investigated in Syrian hamster embryo fibroblasts (SHE cells). DNA repair (UDS assay), chromosomal changes (micronucleus assay) and morphological transformation were chosen as biological end-points.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1994

The regional hydrolysis of ethyl acrylate to acrylic acid in the rat nasal cavity.

Cytotoxicity is primarily limited to the olfactory epithelium of the dorsal meatus region of the nasal cavity of rodents following inhalation exposure to acrylic monomers. To investigate the biochemical basis for this effect, three regions of the Fischer F344N rat nasal cavity were evaluated for carboxylesterase activity for the representative acrylic ester, ethyl acrylate. Prior studies have indicated that the rodent olfactory epithelium is sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of short chain organic acids. In this study, no regional difference in carboxylesterase activity was observed between sensitive and non-sensitive regions of olfactory epithelium. Respiratory epithelium (resistant to cytotoxicity) was found to be have a much lower rate of carboxylesterase activity than olfactory epithelium. These results suggest that the regional distribution of cytotoxicity observed in the rat nasal cavity at high concentrations of inhaled acrylic monomers may be due in part to the amount of released organic acid following deposition. However, the observation of the same esterase activity in sensitive and nonsensitive olfactory regions suggests that nasal air flow patterns and regional deposition may also be critical factors.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1996

The effect of notch shape and self-cured acrylic resin repair on the fatigue resistance of an acrylic resin denture base.

This study compares four different notch shapes made on the anterior margin of the palatal plates of heat-cured acrylic resin test specimens as well as the effect of self-cured acrylic resin repair on the fatigue resistance of dentures. The test specimens had the shape of an upper partial denture (n = 25). The fatigue test applied was a constant-force fatigue test at a force of 150 N. The stress concentrations during loading the replicas of the test specimens were determined in the field of a circular polarized light. The results showed that the fatigue resistance of the test specimens decreased dramatically (P = 0.002) when there was a notch at the anterior margin of the palatal plate in the test specimen. A 90 degree notch decreased the fatigue resistance most effectively. The test specimens repaired with self-cured acrylic resin were also weaker than the original unnotched test specimens. Examination of the replicas in the field of polarized light showed that stresses occurred only very close to the notch. The highest stress concentrations were detected in the test specimen with a 90 degree notch, i.e. the test specimens with the lowest fatigue resistance. The results of this study suggest that the shape of the anterior margin of the palatal plate in the acrylic resin-based partial denture plays an important role in the fatigue resistance of the dentures.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1999

In vivo testing of the protection of gloves against acrylates in dentin-bonding systems on patients with known contact allergy to acrylates.

Occupational contact allergies to dental acrylates are increasing. Commonly used gloves protect poorly against acrylates. The protective efficacy in vivo of other, newer glove materials is not fully known. In this study, an open chamber system was used for testing the protection in vivo of 6 different gloves (1 vinyl glove, 2 latex gloves, 2 nitrile gloves and the 4H glove) against a commonly used dental adhesive, Scotchbond 1, containing 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TREGDMA). 8 patients with known contact allergy to 2-HEMA participated. Provocation with 50 microl of the adhesive for 7.5, 15 and 30 min was performed for each glove. The test demonstrated clear differences in the protective efficacy between the gloves. The 4H glove gave by far the best protection, followed by one of the nitrile gloves. One of the latex gloves and the vinyl glove gave a very poor protection against the adhesive. A dose-response relationship was observed between different application times of the acrylate product. The test model promises to be a useful clinical complement to in vitro methods in individual preventive measures against contact sensitization to acrylates.

Adhesives↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of poly(acrylic acid-co-ethylhexyl acrylate) films for mucoadhesive transbuccal drug delivery: factors affecting the force of mucoadhesion.

Based on the premise that similar surface properties between the adhesive and the substrate would yield a strong adhesive bond, copolymers of acrylic acid (AA) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA), P(AA-co-EHA), were designed and synthesized for buccal mucoadhesion. A series of linear copolymers with varying feed ratios of the two monomers (AA and EHA) were synthesized through free radical copolymerization at 69+/-0.5 degrees C using azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) as initiator. The reactions were carried out in THF under nitrogen for 24 h. The glass transition temperatures, T(g), of the copolymers were determined using DSC. The adhesion studies were conducted to determine the effects of copolymer composition, contact time between the substrate and the adhesive, and crosshead speed on mucoadhesive performance of the copolymer films using a computer interfaced Instron material testing system. The glass transition temperature of the copolymers decreased with increasing EHA content. Wet glass surface as substrate was shown not to be a good substrate model for adhesion determination studies. The copolymer composed of 46:54 mol.% AA:EHA (an almost 1:1 ratio in the repeat units) yielded the highest mucoadhesive force in contact with porcine buccal mucosa which was significantly greater (P<0.05) than that of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) (used as positive control). The mucoadhesive force for all copolymers studied was significantly (P<0.05) greater than that of the negative control (backing material without copolymer film) except for the EHA homopolymer. Crosshead speed increased mucoadhesive force linearly and had a more pronounced effect on the mucoadhesive performance than time of contact between the adhesive and the substrate.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1987

The disposition and metabolism of acrylic acid and ethyl acrylate in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Following oral dosing of [2,3-14C]acrylic acid (AA; 4, 40, or 400 mg/kg) and [2,3-14C]ethyl acrylate (EA; 2, 20, or 200 mg/kg), the dosed radioactivity was rapidly excreted, with 50-75% of the dose for both compounds eliminated within 24 hr. The primary excretory metabolite for both compounds is carbon dioxide, accounting for 44-68% of the dose. HPLC analysis of the urine of AA- and EA-dosed animals indicated the presence of 3-hydroxypropionic acid. The detection of this metabolite suggests the incorporation of AA into propionic acid metabolism and may explain the rapid evolution of carbon dioxide from AA and EA. HPLC analysis of urine from EA-dosed rats revealed the presence of two metabolites derived from glutathione conjugation, N-acetyl-S-(carboxyethyl)cysteine and N-acetyl-S-(carboxyethyl)cysteine ethyl ester. The excretion of the N-acetyl cysteine derivatives of EA, expressed as a percentage of the dosed compound, decreased in a dose-dependent manner that may be attributed to the depletion of glutathione in organs primarily responsible for glutathione conjugation. No significant decrease in hepatic nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) content was observed following oral dosing with EA at 2-200 mg/kg. However, the depletion of NPSH content at the dosing site, forestomach, and glandular stomach, decreased significantly between 0.02 and 0.2% EA in the dose solution (2 and 20 mg/kg). This observation would suggest that the dosing site represents a significant site of conjugation for relatively low doses of EA. Treatment with the carboxylesterase inhibitor, tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP), 18 hr prior to acrylate dosing potentiated the depletion of hepatic nonprotein sulfhydryls, emphasizing the dominance of hydrolysis as a systemic detoxifying mode in this species. In contrast to EA, AA did not significantly decrease NPSH content in the liver, blood, or forestomach at oral doses of less than 8% AA in the dose solution (400 mg/kg), although a significant depletion of NPSH was observed in the glandular stomach at doses greater than 0.08% (4 mg/kg). No conjugation involving the double bond of AA could be detected in in vitro reactions with glutathione or in the in vivo metabolites, suggesting a secondary effect of AA on NPSH content in these organs. The weights of the forestomach and glandular stomach increased with AA dose, reflecting gross edema and inflammation. With EA this effect on organ weight was only demonstrated in the forestomach, and the response was increased when hydrolysis of EA was inhibited with TOCP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Acrylates↗
PubMed2002

Inflammation after implantation of hydrophilic acrylic, hydrophobic acrylic, or silicone intraocular lenses in eyes with cataract and uveitis: comparison to a control group.

PURPOSE: To compare the course of inflammation after small-incision cataract surgery with implantation of 1 of 3 types of foldable intraocular lenses (IOLs) in eyes with uveitis. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. METHODS: Seventy-four eyes with uveitis and cataract and 68 control eyes with cataract were prospectively selected to receive a foldable hydrophilic acrylic (Hydroview, Bausch & Lomb), hydrophobic acrylic (AcrySof, Alcon), or silicone (CeeOn 911, Pharmacia) IOL. All surgery was performed by the same surgeon using a standardized protocol: clear corneal incision, capsulorhexis, phacoemulsification, and in-the-bag IOL implantation. Preoperative and postoperative inflammation was evaluated by measuring aqueous flare preoperatively and 1, 3, 7, 28, 90, and 180 days after surgery using the Kowa FC-1000 laser flare-cell meter. All uveitic eyes were in remission for at least 3 months before surgery. RESULTS: In the uveitic eyes, there was no statistically significant difference in the postoperative course of flare and cell among the 3 IOL groups. Six months after surgery in uveitic eyes, flare values reached preoperative levels and the cell count was lower than preoperatively in all 3 IOL groups. Relative flare values were higher in the eyes with uveitis and a CeeOn 911 IOL; however, the difference between this group and the 2 acrylic IOL groups was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in inflammation after implantation of foldable IOLs in uveitic eyes. Although absolute flare values and cell counts in eyes with uveitis were higher than in control eyes, primarily because of a damaged blood-aqueous barrier (BAB), BAB recovery was similar between the 2 groups. The changes in the BAB indicate that foldable IOL implantation is safe in uveitic eyes.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1995

The bonding of cold-cured acrylic resin to acrylic denture teeth.

The necessary improvement of the bonding of denture teeth to the base resin has been hampered by inconsistent results and the consequent lack of clear guidance as to the best procedure to use. This state of affairs is in part due to poor experimental design. The tensile strength of notched planar interfaces between acrylic denture tooth material and cold-cured acrylic resin was determined for various treatments under a protocol designed to minimize spurious failures. The tooth material treatment consisting of grinding and exposure to a methyl methacrylate-trichloromethane mixture was, of those treatments, the most reliable in that no interfacial failures were observed. Strength was indistinguishable from that of both tooth and base acrylic under the same conditions.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2006

Rheology and phase behavior of poly(n-butyl acrylate)-block-poly(acrylic acid) in aqueous solution.

The surface activity and the rheological properties of aqueous solutions of the amphiphilic block copolymer poly(n-butyl acrylate)-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PnBA-b-PAA) were studied as a function of the degree of neutralization, alpha, of the poly(acrylic acid) block. Although the block copolymer spontaneously forms spherical micelles having a stretched PAA corona and a collapsed PnBA core in water for alpha > 0.1, the solutions do not exhibit any surface activity at this degree of neutralization. Cryo-TEM micrographs show that the radii of the hydrophobic core of the largest micelles are as long as the length of the hydrophobic chain. The micelles, however, have a broad size distribution, and on average, as shown by SANS, the micelles are only about half as long. At concentrations as low as 1 wt %, the solutions exhibit highly viscoelastic behavior and have a yield stress value depending on alpha. The globular micelles are highly ordered in the bulk phase, and the viscoelastic properties are a result of the dense packing of the micelles. The addition of salt or cationic surfactants dramatically decreases the viscosity of the solution. The observed properties seem to be due to electrostatic interactions between the PAA chains of the micelles.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

In vitro drug release studies of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate or 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate-4-{(1E,4E)-5-[4-(acryloyloxy)phenyl]-3-oxopenta-1,4-dienyl}phenyl acrylate copolymer beads.

4-{(1E,4E)-5-[4-(Acryloyloxy)phenyl]-3-oxopenta-1,4-dienyl}phenyl acrylate (APPA) was synthesized by reacting (1E,4E)-1,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one (HPD) and acryloyl chloride using triethylamine as a base. 2',4-Dichloro-5'-fluoro-1-ene-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenone (EHP) (Arun A, Reddy BSR, Rajkumar M. Polymeric drug for antimicrobial activity studies: Synthesis and characterization. J Bioact Compat Polym 2003;18:219) was used for the controlled release studies. Two types of porous hydrogels were prepared by copolymerizing 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) or 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) with APPA (as a crosslinker) by employing the suspension polymerization technique. The morphology of the hydrogels were characterized by the optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Different variations were employed in the preparation of hydrogels to study the effect of crosslinker percentage and drug the loading percentage. Totally 18 types of hydrogels were prepared. The drug-releasing pattern was monitored over a period of 4 weeks using the UV spectroscopic technique by measuring the absorptions at 330.5 nm. In vitro release experiments were carried out at pH 7.4 and pH 9.2. In total, 36 releasing experiments were conducted. The results showed that the controlled release of the drug was dependent on the monomer (HEA or HPMA), crosslinker percentage (CLP), drug-loading percentage (DLP), and pH. The release rate was higher for HEA-based hydrogels when compared with HPMA-based hydrogels in all compositions. The release rate was noticeably higher in pH 9.2 than pH 7.4.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1991

Chronic toxicity and oncogenicity of inhaled methyl acrylate and n-butyl acrylate in Sprague-Dawley rats.

No exposure-related clinical signs or lesions of systemic toxicity and no oncogenic responses were observed in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats exposed by inhalation to methyl acrylate (MA) or n-butyl acrylate (BA) vapours, at concentrations of 0, 15, 45 and 135 ppm. The rats were whole-body-exposed 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk, for 24 consecutive months. There was a 6-month post-exposure observation period for subgroups of BA-exposed rats. Atrophy of the neurogenic epithelial cells and hyperplasia of reserve cells were observed in the nasal mucosa of all MA- and BA-exposed groups. These changes were dose related and mainly affected the anterior part of the olfactory epithelium. Opacity and neovascularization of the cornea were seen in all MA-exposed groups and in the group exposed to 135 ppm BA. These toxic effects of the olfactory epithelium and cornea were attributed to the known irritancy of MA and BA. In the BA subgroups kept for a 6-month post-exposure observation, reconstructive effects, such as replacement of altered olfactory epithelium with respiratory epithelium, and partial regression of corneal neovascularization were observed.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1989

Modeling the reactivity of acrylic acid and acrylate anion with biological nucleophiles.

Based on the results of prior in-vitro reactivity experiments, the pathway for the Michael addition of two representative nucleophiles (methylamine and imidazole) to acrylate anion (AA-) was explored with the semiempirical quantum model, AM1. The results of the calculations indicate that there is no viable reaction pathway for the addition of nucleophiles to AA-. An alternative route for the formation of the Michael products via the non-ionized form of acrylic acid (AA) was explored and found to be theoretically possible. The alternative route is plausible, but is considered to be insignificant in vivo based upon the rapid metabolism and excretion of AA (excretion half-life of 1-8 h after oral dosing).

Acrylates↗
PubMed2004

Effects of silicone acrylate on morphology, kinetics, and surface composition of photopolymerized acrylate mixtures.

Films (ca. 150 microm thick) of twelve acrylate mixtures, which contained various proportions of hydrocarbon acrylates [mainly oligo(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, (OEGDA)] and small amounts of a silicone hexaacrylate (in proportion of 5% or less), were cured on a nickel substrate, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the nickel-side surface compositions showed that for formulations with and without the silicone hexaacrylate, this surface was enriched with OEGDA and saturated (up to 50%) with the silicone hexaacrylate, respectively. The silicone hexaacrylate phase-separated and formed micelles which migrated to the resin-nickel interface. Silicone hexaacrylate, inherently less reactive, also significantly slowed the photopolymerization of the mixtures. The sequential homopolymerization of OEGDA and silicone hexaacrylate in a formulation was elicited using real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The design-of-experiment approach was used to quantify the influence of the components on gelation time and the nickel-side surface composition as well as provide the statistical models to predict these two properties for new compositions.

Acrylates↗