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PubMed1964

[ABO GROUP FACTORS].

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ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed2000

Role of A and B blood group antigens in the expression of adhesive activity of von Willebrand factor.

ABO (H) blood group antigens are covalently linked to the oligosaccharide side-chains of von Willebrand factor (VWF). In this study, we investigated the role of the A and B antigens in the expression of VWF adhesive activity. VWF of type A, B or O was purified from fresh frozen plasma. Presence of A or B antigen on the VWF was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by immunoblotting with monoclonal anti-A or anti-B. The A or B antigen was also detected in the 48/52-kDa fragment of the respective VWF after trypsin digestion. Removal of A antigen with alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase or B antigen with alpha-galactosidase did not affect its multimer size or antigenic level, but decreased the ristocetin cofactor (RCoF) activity of the respective VWF by 33-39% (P < 0.01-0.002). Removal of A or B antigen from VWF did not affect the binding of the VWF to immobilized type III collagen. A and B antigens were not detected in platelet VWF. These results indicate that AB structures play a role in platelet aggregating activity of VWF.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1994

Factor VIII, ABO blood group and the incidence of ischaemic heart disease.

Relations of factor VIII activity, FVIIIC, and von Willebrand factor antigen (vWFAg), with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) were examined in 1393 men aged between 40 and 64 years at entry to the Northwick Park Heart Study (NPHS) who experienced 178 first major episodes of IHD during an average follow-up period of 16.1 years. After allowing for the large factor VIII differences between the main ABO blood groups, FVIIIC was probably associated with IHD incidence, possibly more strongly with fatal than non-fatal episodes. Thus, an increase of 1 standard deviation in FVIIIC raised the risk of fatal IHD by about 28%. vWFAg was also significantly associated with fatal events. The observed relation of FVIIIC with IHD incidence probably underestimates the true strength of the association because of the considerable within-person and laboratory variability in factor VIII measurements. FVIIIC and vWFAg were strongly correlated (r = 0.57) and in statistical terms there may be little to choose between them in long-term studies of IHD. Taking account of evidence that haemophiliacs seem to experience less IHD than expected, high factor VIII levels may contribute to the incidence of IHD by increasing thrombogenic potential. The incidence of IHD was significantly higher in those of blood group AB than in those of groups O, A or B, particularly for fatal events. There was no evidence that the FVIIIC and vWFAg associations with IHD are determined by ABO group. The factor VIII and ABO blood group effects therefore appeared to be independent. Group AB may be a genetic marker of characteristics influencing other indices of IHD risk such as short stature, NPHS men (though not women) of group AB being about 2 cm shorter than those of other groups.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1992

Intraplatelet von Willebrand factor and ABO blood group.

Levels of plasma Von Willebrand Factor (vWF) are known to be influenced by ABO Blood Group but such an influence on platelet vWF is not known. Forty-three healthy donors had blood drawn for measurement of plasma and platelet vWF, both antigenic (vWF:Ag) and functional (RCo). Twenty-six were Group O and seventeen were Group A. Groups did not differ in age, platelet count, hemoglobin, white cell counts, platelet rich plasma counts nor length of in vitro storage of samples prior to assay. Plasma levels of vWF:Ag and RCo was lower in Group O as expected. Platelet RCo was lower in Group O and such a trend was present for vWF:Ag. This influence of ABO Groups on platelet vWF was modest compared to that on plasma vWF.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1991

Study on the factors affecting ABO grouping of blood stains.

The Biologist in forensic work is confronted with many problems on grouping of dry blood stains, these problems are due to many factors and environmental changes which may mislead the analysis. The present work deals with the factors affecting ABO grouping of dry blood stains in Riyad, including exposure to extremes of temperature, from refrigeration at -4 degrees C up to heating at 150 degrees C, effect of time till 6 months, occurrence of the stains on different fabrics, and effect of putrefaction. The results showed that, ABO grouping of dry blood stains was not affected by different substrata or cloth fabrics. 30% of the samples gave erroneous results when exposed to temperature at 150 degrees C for 2 hours. Storage for 6 months at room temperature ranged from 29 degrees -44 degrees C, representing the ambient temperature met with in Riyad, gave no effects. Putrefaction showed that the antigens were deteriorated in 80% of cases after 90 days. Chromatographic separation was a suitable procedure before grouping the samples which were buried in sand or mud.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1996

Intravenous immune globulin in neonatal ABO isoimmunization: factors associated with clinical efficacy.

OBJECTIVE: Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) reduces jaundice in many but not all cases of neonatal isoimmunization. We sought to elucidate the type of infant most likely to benefit from IVIG administration by attempting to define pretreatment parameters associated with both clinical symptomatology and therapeutic responsiveness to IVIG. METHODS: Term, healthy Coombs-positive infants were studied prospectively. IVIG was administered if, despite phototherapy, serum bilirubin reached > or = 222 mumol/l (13 mg/dl) at < or = 24 h of age and/or > or = 274 mumol/l (16 mg/dl) at > 24 h of age. Clinical data including serial serum total bilirubin levels, rate of bilirubin rise on day 1 of life, serial corrected carboxyhemoglobin levels (a sensitive indicator of hemolysis) and total hemoglobin (tHb) levels were collected. RESULTS: Infants were classified as IVIG responders (n = 18), those in whom total serum bilirubin levels either remained stable or decreased following IVIG administration; IVIG nonresponders (n = 5), those who developed a total serum bilirubin of > or = 2 mg/dl greater than pre-IVIG bilirubin levels within the first 24 h after IVIG administration, or nontreated, those not meeting IVIG treatment criteria (n = 13). Four of the five nonresponders proceeded to require exchange transfusion vs. none of the others (p < 0.001). Four of the five nonresponders had a pretreatment rate of bilirubin rise of > or = 1 mg/dl/h as compared with only 1 of 18 responders and none of the nontreated (p < 0.001). Pretreatment tHb levels were also different (13.2 +/- 1.3 vs. 15.5 +/- 2.3 vs. 17.7 +/- 2.4 g/dl for nonresponders vs. responders vs. nontreated infants, respectively; p < 0.005). The highest pretreatment COHbc levels were seen in the nonresponders (1.8 +/- 0.7 vs. 1.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 0.9 +/- 0.3% tHb, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our 3 groups represent a spectrum of hemolysis, ranging from severe to moderate to mild. This spectrum appears to relate not only to the severity of hemolysis, but also to the therapeutic responsiveness to IVIG. We speculate that some or all of the factors identified can be used prospectively to predict the subsequent clinical course of ABO-incompatible infants and to facilitate optimal management.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1995

ABO-haemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO-HDN): factors influencing its severity and incidence in Venezuela.

The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of the Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn due to ABO blood group incompatibility (ABO-HDN) in the population of Caracas attending the Maternity Hospital 'Concepción Palacios'. The relationship between A and B antigens density of cord blood erythrocytes and the cytotoxic activity of antibodies in mothers' sera with the severity of the haemolytic disease, was also studied. From a sample of 245 blood group 'O' mothers, 68 gave birth to full term 'A' or 'B' blood group infants. The evolution of serum bilirubin and the routine haematological values, were followed in all the babies during 72 h after birth, allowing the diagnosis of ABO-HDN in 21 infants. Taking into account that in Venezuela the frequency of blood group 'O' is 59 per cent, it was concluded that in the general population of newborns, 16 per cent present foeto-maternal ABO incompatibility, and the incidence of ABO-HDN was near to 5 per cent. The density of the 'A' and 'B' antigens in cord red cells was studied using an immunoenzymatic assay. No statistically significant association between antigen maturity and severity of the ABO-HDN could be shown. A positive association was found between cytotoxic capacity of mothers' sera and development of ABO-HDN (P < 0.05). Twenty ABO incompatibles children presented moderate late anaemia at 3 weeks of age.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1999

ABO blood group antigens on human plasma von Willebrand factor after ABO-mismatched bone marrow transplantation.

von Willebrand factor (vWF) is synthesized exclusively by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes, and stored in the intracellular granules or constitutively secreted into plasma. ABO blood group antigens are covalently associated with asparagine-linked sugar chains of plasma vWF. The effect of ABO-mismatched bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or blood stem cell transplantation (BSCT) on the expression of ABO blood group antigens on the vWF was examined to obtain information on the origin of these antigens. In ABO-mismatched (HLA-matched) groups, 8 cases of BMT and 4 cases of BSCT were examined. In all cases, the ABO blood groups on red blood cells were gradually converted to the donor's type within 80 to 90 days after the transplantation. The blood group antigens on the vWF were consistent with the recipient's blood group for the period monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). When vWF was isolated from normal platelets and examined for the blood group antigens using ELISA or immunoblotting, it showed few antigens. However, vWF extracted from veins expressed blood group antigens. These findings indicate that platelet (megakaryocyte)-derived vWF does not contain blood group antigens and that these antigens may be specifically associated with vWF synthesized in endothelial cells and secreted into plasma. Furthermore, it is possible that the persistence of the recipient's blood group antigens on plasma glycoproteins such as vWF, independent of the donor-derived erythrocytes, after ABO-mismatched stem cell transplantation, may influence the immunological system in the production of anti-blood group antibodies resulting in the establishment of immunological tolerance in the recipient plasma.

ABO Blood-Group System↗