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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Development of a new method for calibration of pneumotachograph according to flow rate--evaluation of a computer-controlled-system for assessing respiratory gas exchange using this method].

1) We evaluated the method for calibrating the pneumotachograph according to flow rate by the software on personal computer. Flow volume was detected using the approximated equation (y = 1.294x2 + 0.989x + 35.824, r = 0.976, p less than 0.01) from various mean flow rate and integration of output voltage. The error between syringe volume (21) and the estimated value on the equation was 10 +/- 8 ml (0.48 +/- 0.42%). 2) Using the method described in 1), we developed computer-controlled-system for assessing respiratory gas exchange by mixing chamber method. To evaluate the accuracy of the system as compared with the Douglas Bag method, we measured the gas parameters of the both methods for two male subjects at rest(3 and 5min) and steady state exercise (3 min., 60-240watt). The error between the both methods were within +/- 5% in ventilation(VE), mixed expired O2 (FEO2) and CO2 (FECO2) concentration, and were within +/- 8% in O2 uptake(VO2) and CO2 production (VCO2). There were high positive correlation (r greater than 0.99, p less than 0.01) between the both methods in the all parameters. These results indicate that the system in this study would be practical use, that VE can be measured in only one pneumotachograph, even if the range of flow rate was wide(e.g. from rest to heavy exercise).

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Comparative study of colorimetric method using diazotization reaction and high-performance liquid chromatographic method in determination of para-aminohippuric acid.

In this study, colorimetric method and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method were improved and established, respectively, in order to minimize analytical errors in determination of para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) in rat urine and plasma. In terms of the colorimetric method, an operative step following addition of Tsuda reagent was modified as follows: after the addition of Tsuda reagent, reaction mixture was kept at 40 degrees C for 70 min before spectrophotometry. Linearities were observed both in the higher range of 0 and 2.5 to 12.5 micrograms and in the lower range of 0 and 100 to 1,000 ng per test tube, and its practical detection limit was 100 ng per test tube. In terms of HPLC method, using a reversed-phase column (Nucleosil 5 C18), PAH was separated by a mobile phase of acetonitrile/50 mM KH2PO4 (pH 2.8) = 9/95. Linearities were observed in the higher range of 0 and 10 ng to 2 micrograms and in the lower range of 0 and 1 to 10 ng per injection, and its practical detection limit was 1 ng per injection. These results denote that the above two methods are applicable to routine PAH determination. In addition, our HPLC method is considered to be applicable to microassay of PAH, because its sensitivity is more sensitive and minimization of volume system is more easily achieved as compared with the colorimetric method.

Aminohippuric Acids↗
PubMed2006

Field evaluation of mercury vapor analytical methods: comparison of the "double amalgam method" and ISO 17733.

In this study, a gold amalgam method called the "Double amalgam method" was compared with the ISO 17733 method for mercury vapor analysis method. In terms of sensitivity and ease of operation, the amalgamation method is superior to the oxidation method. Two parallel samplings were carried out in this research at a button battery factory, where the mercury vapor level in the air was about 0.001 mg/m3 and at a fluorescent lamp factory, where the mercury vapor level was about 0.015 mg/m3. In the both cases, the measured values of the two showed good agreement with each other. As these two workplaces represent typical mercury levels in industries today, the double amalgam method is applicable to working environment measurement.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1999

Heart rate monitoring as a field method for estimating energy expenditure as evaluated by the doubly labeled water method.

Energy expenditure (TEE) determined by the doubly labeled water technique (DLW) in 10 adult subjects (5 males and 5 females) was used to evaluate the energy expenditure estimated from 24 h heart rate monitoring records (HR method) for 2 d randomly sampled during 2 weeks of DLW study. Individual data on HR and oxygen consumption, obtained during a step test (resting conditions, and up and down at 3 or 4 stepping rates) and postabsorptive conditions (resting metabolic rate: RMR), were used to calculate three types of calibration regression line, i.e., straight-linear regression (EE-HR: A for TEEhr-A), log-linear regression (lnEE-HR: B for TEEhr-B), and two-linear regression (flex-HR method: C for TEEhr-C). When the 24 h HR records were applied, these calibration regressions provided three estimates of TEE (mean +/- SD kcal/24 h): TEEhr-A (3,059 +/- 1,246 in all subjects), TEEhr-B (2,472 +/- 843), and TEEhr-C (2,759 +/- 1,228). Mean TEE determined by the DLW method (TEEdlw) was 2,544 +/- 378 kcal/24 h. Although no mean values estimated by HR methods were significantly different statistically from the mean value of TEEdlw, the variances of the estimates (e.g., SD) by the HR method were much greater than that of TEEdlw (between twofold and threefold). TEEhr-B estimated by lnEE-HR regression provided the smallest differences from that of TEEdlw (mean difference of -3.1% with a range of -35.1(-)+36.6%). From these observations, the following conclusions were made: 1) The estimates of TEE by HR are useful as a group mean, but interpretation of the individual TEE estimates requires caution because of great deviations from the reference values. 2) Among the calibration methods tested, the log-linear calibration regression (lnEE on HR) gives the best estimates of TEE by the HR method and is recommended for use in future studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Validation of three alternative methods to measure total energy expenditure against the doubly labeled water method for older Japanese men.

In a previous study using young Japanese men as subjects, Ebine et al. found that accelerometer (AC) represents a promising technique for measuring free-living total energy expenditure (TEE) when compared to activity records (AR) and heart rate monitoring (HR). Thus, the present study was designed to validate the use of an AC and to determine whether or not the previous findings regarding the three alternative field methods (AC, AR, and HR) could be extended to older Japanese men (n = 24; mean +/- SD age 48 +/- 10 y, body mass index 23.1 +/- 2.7 kg/m2 and body fat 18.7 +/- 4.8%). TEE values obtained over a 3 d period by AR, HR, and AC (3dAC), and AC over a 14 d period (14dAC) were simultaneously validated against TEE measured by the doubly labeled water (DLW) method applied within a 14 d period. TEE values obtained by AR, HR, 3dAC, and 14dAC ranged from 1,750 to 3,447 kcal/d, 1,691 to 5,286 kcal/d, 1,716 to 2,765 kcal/d, and 1,700 to 2,855 kcal/d, respectively. Expenditures obtained by HR were similar to those obtained using the DLW method, with a mean difference of 57 +/- 603 kcal/d (2%), but those obtained using AR, 3dAC, and 14dAC differed substantially from the DLW method, with mean differences of -335 +/- 289 kcal/d (12%), -542 +/- 249kcal/d (-19%), and -566 +/- 223kcal/d (-20%), respectively. AR, HR, 3dAC, and 14dAC were significantly correlated with the DLW method, with r values of 0.76 (p < 0.0001), 0.67 (p < 0.001), 0.78 (p < 0.0001), and 0.83 (p < 0.0001), respectively. Intra-individual variation indicated by the coefficient of variation (CV) was significantly higher for HR (15 +/- 11%, p < 0.001) than for AR (7 +/- 4%), 3dAC (7 +/- 5%), and 14dAC (8 +/- 31%). The same findings were obtained using Bland and Altman plots at the population level. Interestingly, 3dAC and 14dAC were significantly correlated with r = 0.97 (p < 0.0001), with a lower mean difference of 24 kcal/d. These results suggest that, same as the previous study, AC is superior to HR in estimating TEE, and seems to be satisfactory for estimation at both group and individual levels, particularly for large-scale studies of older individuals when compared to the DLW method. However, some modifications of the AC method may be needed to compensate for the underestimation of TEE.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Comparison of the SimPlate total plate count method with Petrifilm, Redigel, conventional pour-plate methods for enumerating aerobic microorganisms in foods.

The SimPlate Total Plate Count (TPC) method, developed by IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., is designed to determine the most probable number of aerobic microorganisms in foods. The 24-h test was compared to the conventional plate count agar (PCA) method, the Petrifilm Aerobic Count plates, and the Redigel Total Count procedure for enumerating microflora in 751 food samples. Results using the SimPlate TPC method were highly correlated (r > or = 0.96) with results from other test methods. Slopes (0.96-0.97) were not significantly different from 1, and y intercepts (-0.03-0.08) were not different from O. The SimPlate has a high counting range (> 1600 most probable number per single dilution), thus requiring fewer dilutions of samples compared to other methods evaluated. Some foods, e.g., raw liver, wheat flour, and nuts, contain enzymes that gave false-positive reactions on SimPlates. Overall, however, the SimPlate TPC method is a suitable alternative to conventional PCA, Petrifilm, and Redigel methods for estimating populations of mesophilic aerobic microorganisms in a wide range of foods.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1999

[Comparison of LDL-C values measured with the automated method and the ultracentrifugation method in severe hypertriglyceridemia, and prevalence and life-style of patients with hypertriglyceridemia].

The correlation between LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) values assayed by the direct method and the ultra-centrifugation method is reported good in normal to moderate hypertriglyceridemia, but it is not clear in severe hypertriglyceridemia. We examined such a correlation in mild (triglycerides, 150-400 mg/dl; n = 3) and severe (> or = 800 mg/dl, n = 9) hypertriglyceridemia. The bias of LDL-C determined by the direct method in comparison with the ultracentrifugation method was from -1.1% to 3.4% and from -49.5% to 15.7% in mild and severe hypertriglyceridemia, respectively. The prevalence of severe hypertriglyceridemia was only 0.2% both in hospital patients and in company workers. Data analyses of company workers indicated that people with severe hypertriglyceridemia have a higher body-mass index, consume more alcohol, smoke more, and exercise less than those with a normal level of triglycerides. These results suggest that there is not a good correlation between LDL-C values assayed by the direct method and the ultracentrifugation method in severe hypertriglyceridemia; but that the direct method can be used for the clinical examination of LDL-C, because of the very low prevalence of severe hypertriglyceridemia. Patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia should improve their life-style as soon as possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Changes of body fat mass determined by be-electrical impedance and by anthropometry: BMI method and skinfolds method in overweight and obese women after implementation of low energy diet].

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effect of a low energy diet on body fat mass measured by bioelectrical impedance (BIA) in overweight (BMI > or = 25 < 30) and obese women (BMI > or = 30). DESIGN: Randomised six weeks trial. METHODS: The studied group consisted of 86 women aged 20-67 attended the Outpatients Clinic of Metabolic Disorders. Dietary assessments were performed by 24-hour dietary recall. Body fat mass was measured by bioelectrical impedance method and by skinfolds thickness method. Percent body fat and fat free mass was estimated from equations based on BMI and skinfolds thickness. RESULTS: In overweight women after 6 weeks of dietary treatment mean intake of energy decreased from 10071 +/- 2678 kJ to 4560.6 +/- 1405.8 kJ, total fat intake from 88.7 +/- 33.9 g/d (33.4% of energy) to 38.8 +/- 19.9 g/d (31.1% of energy), protein intake from 89.5 +/- 36.5 g/d (14.8% of energy) to 50.7 +/- 16.9 g/d (19.0% of energy), carbohydrates intake from 312.7 +/- 106.6 g/d (51.8% of energy) to 134.5 +/- 53.7 g/d (50% of energy). In obese women mean intake of energy decreased from 10,376.3 +/- 2953.9 kJ to 4665.2 +/- 1380.7 kJ. The value of total energy, total fat and saturated fatty acids intake correlated with body weight, BMI and body fat. After dietary treatment the body weight decreased by 2.4 kg (3.3%) in overweight women and by 3.9 kg (4.1%) in obese women and percent of body fat decreased by 1.6% and 2.3%, respectively. Body fat mass determined by BIA method significantly correlated with skinfolds method by Siri, Schutte, Rathbun, Brozek, Keys-Brozek, and BMI method by Webster, Deurenberg. CONCLUSION: BIA method may be a helpful tool for the analysis of changes in total body composition occurring under obesity treatment.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2001

[Measurements of cerebral blood flow by the noninvasive microsphere method with 123I-IMP and fan beam collimator: comparison with the continuous arterial blood sampling method].

PURPOSE AND METHODS: The noninvasive microsphere (NIMS) method quantifies cerebral blood flow with N-isopropyl-p-[123I]-iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) without blood sampling of a patient, but when a fan beam collimator is used for collecting raw data in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), the procedure is complicated because we have to change the collimator. In phantom and clinical studies we investigated the validity of using a fan beam collimator in collecting planar and SPECT raw data. RESULTS: The phantom study suggested that using a fan beam collimator for planar imaging was feasible because of the image magnification rate and the count rate. Mean cerebral blood flow (mCBF) values obtained by the NIMS method with the fan beam collimator were compared with mCBF simultaneously estimated from the conventional continuous arterial blood sampling (microsphere: MS) method in twenty patients with ischemic cerebral vascular diseases. There was good correlation (y = 1.033x + 8.004, r2 = 0.729, p < 0.01) in mCBF between the fan beam NIMS method and the MS method. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this method for the measurement of CBF was acceptable for routine clinical studies.

Brain Ischemia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative evaluation of 2 methods for the determination of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in tissues in avitaminosis B 1 induced by various methods].

A method for determination of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in mitochondria and tissue homogenates was developed. The method was based on a spectrophotometric monitoring of p-nitroaniline acetylation under conditions required to ensure correct stoichiometric course of the reaction. In rat tissues absolute amounts of the enzyme activity, determined by the method, were found to be several-fold lower as compared with the values determined by the conventional ferricyanide method. Within 24 hrs after a single administration of hydroxythiamin into rats (400 mg per 1 kg of body weight) the pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was decreased 1.5-fold in heart (as estimated by the reaction of p-nitroaniline acetylation) and did not alter in liver tissue. While if the determinations were carried out by the method of terricyanide reduction the enzyme activity was decreas 7- and 2-fold, respectively, in heart and liver tissue. The data obtained suggest that hydroxythiamin impaired reactions of electron transport in tissues; on the other hand, the data obtained showed that the method for determination of the pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, based on the acetylation reaction, was more specific than the conventional method which involved measuring of ferricyanide reduction.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of sputum staining by modified cold method and comparison with Ziehl-Neelsen and fluorochrome methods for the primary diagnosis of tuberculosis.

An improved acid-fast staining technique for sputum examination for the primary diagnosis of tuberculosis is described. The technique was modified and simplified by the elimination of heating and by combining the stages of counterstaining: making the technique easier and safer, with less risk of phenol aerosols. The efficiency of this method was evaluated by comparison with two conventional methods, Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining and fluorochrome staining; culture was deemed the gold standard for tuberculosis diagnosis. Of the 392 sputum samples examined, 22.7%, 19.4% and 22.9% were positive by the ZN, fluorochrome and modified cold (MC) staining methods respectively. In comparison with culture results, the sensitivities of ZN, fluorochrome and MC methods were 68.9%, 59.7% and 70.6% respectively; the specificities were 97.4%, 98.2% and 97.8% respectively and the efficiencies were 88.8%, 86.5% and 89.5% respectively. The fluorochrome method was statistically less sensitive than the ZN and MC (p < 0.05), but no significant differences between the ZN and MC were found (p > 0.05). The results of the MC and ZN methods were in close agreement (97.2%); the slides stained by these techniques could be stored for a long time and the staining reagents were stable for several weeks. In conclusion, the MC method proved to be a valuable alternative to ZN staining for the primary diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Fluorescent Dyes↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of two direct methods for HDL cholesterol measurement with an indirect precipitation method in diabetic patients.

The conventional precipitation method for measuring HDL cholesterol involves a centrifugation step which prevents automation of the method. Several methods have been introduced for measuring HDL cholesterol without the need for a centrifugation step. These new methods are therefore automatable and can process a large number of samples in a short period of time. Measuring HDL cholesterol is an important aspect of management of diabetes mellitus. In this study, we compared 2 direct methods for measuring HDL cholesterol with a conventional precipitation technique in 63 patients with either Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Both direct methods showed acceptable precision but they both showed positive bias compared to the conventional precipitation method. The greatest degree of bias occurs at low HDL cholesterol levels, which are more important for Type 2 patients. Such differences may affect cardiovascular risk calculation in patients with diabetes. Further studies are required to investigate if a correction factor needs to be introduced when these direct assays are used to measure HDL cholesterol in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Antibodies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Visual immunoprecipitate assay eight hour method for detection of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in raw and cooked beef (modification of AOAC Official Method 996.09): collaborative study.

AOAC Official Method 996.09, Visual Immunoprecipitate Assay (VIP) for Escherichia coli O157:H7, was modified to incorporate a new enrichment protocol using BioControl EHEC8 medium for testing raw and cooked beef. Foods were tested by VIP assay and the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA/FSIS) enrichment procedure and the FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) isolation and confirmation techniques. A total of 15 collaborators participated. Raw and cooked ground beef were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 at 2 different levels: a high level, where predominantly positive results were expected, and a low level where fractional recovery was anticipated. Collaborators tested 396 test portions and controls by both methods, for a total of 792 test portions. Of the 396 paired test portions, 75 were positive and 230 were negative by both the VIP and culture methods. Eleven test portions were presumptively positive by VIP and could not be confirmed culturally; 32 were negative by VIP, but confirmed positive by culture; and 65 were negative by the culture method, but confirmed positive by the VIP method. There was no statistical difference between results obtained with the VIP for EHEC 8 h method and the culture method except for cooked beef, where the VIP had significantly higher recovery for one inoculation level.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assurance enzyme immunoassay eight hour method for detection of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in raw and cooked beef (modification of AOAC Official Method 996.10): collaborative study.

AOAC Official Method 996.10, Assurance Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) for Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC), was modified to incorporate a new enrichment protocol using BioControl EHEC8 medium for testing raw and cooked beef. Foods were tested by EIA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA/FSIS) enrichment conditions and the FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) isolation and confirmation techniques. A total of 14 collaborators participated. Raw and cooked ground beef were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 at 2 different levels: a high level where predominantly positive results were expected, and a low level where fractional recovery was anticipated. Collaborators tested 378 test portions and controls by both the 8 h EIA and the USDA/FSIS enrichment methods, for a total of 756 test portions. Of the 378 paired test portions, 75 were positive and 212 were negative by both methods. Thirteen test portions were presumptively positive by EIA and could not be confirmed culturally; 30 were negative by EIA, but confirmed positive by culture; and 65 were negative by the culture method, but confirmed positive by the EIA method. There was no statistical difference between results obtained with the Assurance EIA for EHEC 8 h method and the culture method for raw ground beef. The Assurance EIA had a significantly higher recovery for cooked beef.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Two-stage reimplantation using spacers--the method of choice in treatment of hip joint prosthesis-related infections. Comparison with methods used from 1979 to 1998].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Several therapies are available for the treatment of deep infection in total hip arthroplasty but none is completely successful; there is no consensus on an optimal method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment used in our institution and its outcomes over the last 20 years. In each method, the success of treatment was evaluated in terms of both infection control and restoration of function in the treated joint. MATERIAL: A total of 172 patients with infected total hip replacements were treated at the First Orthopedic Clinic of the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, between 1979 and 1998. Our sample consisted of 132 patients, 92 men and 40 women. Resection arthroplasty was performed in 62 patients. Two-stage reimplantation was used in 64 patients. Two-stage reimplantation involving skeletal traction was applied in 35 and a block spacer was used in 29 patients. The remaining patients were treated by other techniques. METHODS: The type of infection was classified according to the Coventry system. The outcome of surgery was assessed on the basis of the Tsukayma rating system, radiographic findings and the Harris hip score. RESULTS: The average follow-up time from the definitive operation was 70.8 months. In the patients who had resection arthroplasty only, the cure rate of infection was 91.9%. However, an increase in the Harris hip score, as compared with the condition before surgery, was low (9.7 points). In the patients treated by the two-stage reimplantation without a spacer but with skeletal traction, the cure rate of infection was 94.3% and the Harris score increased by 20 points. The patients who were treated by two-stage reimplantation with a spacer showed an infection cure rate of 96.5% and an increase in the Harris score by 29 points. This increase was higher by 9 points in comparison with the patients who had reimplantation without the use of a spacer. An even greater difference (28.2 points) was found when the outcomes of this technique were compared with those of resection arthroplasty. The incidence of spacer dislocation in 21% of the cases was an unexpected finding. DISCUSSION: No great differences in outcome in terms of infection cure rate were found among the methods used, i.e., two-stage reimplantation facilitated a better function for the hip joint than Girdlestone's operation. The use of a spacer in two-stage reimplantation ensured a greater comfort for the patient during treatment and gave better results in terms of joint function than treatment without a spacer. The use of a cemented spacer is an optimal method that not only ensures the stability of a limb during the period necessary for infection control but also provides conditions for the prospective implantation of a new prosthesis. The spacer also permits delivery of high-dose local antibiotics released from the cement as well as makes space for a long-term application of antibiotic-containing lavage. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of success in the treatment of an infected hip arthroplasty and the possibility of preserving the implant and thus enabling the patient to move comfortably are currently high. The prerequisite is early diagnosis and a radical surgical approach that involves the use of a method leading to the most effective eradication of infection and the maintenance of a good function for the joint. The reimplantation of a new prosthesis, after removal of the previous one and debridement of all infected tissue and material, combined with a targeted antibiotic therapy, is the method of choice for both the patient and the surgeon.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

von Willebrand factor antigen: a radial immunodiffusion method evaluated and compared with an ELISA method.

A new commercial kit method for the quantification of von Willebrand factor antigen (vWFAg) by radial immunodiffusion was compared to an established ELISA technique. Major discrepancies were found between the two methods. The radial immunodiffusion method had poorer intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation than the ELISA method, although there was adequate inter-method agreement when 100 plasma samples from controls and patients were compared. However, there was a great difference in values obtained for vWFAg in the reference sample supplied with the commercial kit and that obtained directly from the National Institute for Biological Standards and Controls. There were also differences in levels of significance when vWFAg was measured by the two techniques in different clinical groups, and standard deviations were larger when the kit method was used. It is suggested that on scientific and economic grounds, the commercial radial immunodiffusion kit does not offer a competitive advantage over the ELISA method.

Autoantigens↗
PubMed2003

Surgical techniques for emergent repair of post-infarction ventricular septal defect: compare endocardial patch and infarct exclusion method with traditional method.

BACKGROUND: The traditional surgical repair of post-infarction ventricular septal defect (VSD) includes excision of necrotic myocardium and approximation of the remaining of healthy ventricular wall and septal portion. The exclusion method emphasizes no excision of infarcted myocardium, preservation of the left ventricular geometry and exclusion of infarction area. We discuss our experiences in 13 patients and compared the results obtained from 2 different surgical methods. METHODS: From July 1996 to December 2001, 13 patients with post-infarction VSD received emergent repair. Seven patients were repaired in the traditional way and the other 6 with infarct exclusion method. There were 9 men and 4 women, ranging in age from 57 to 79. In the traditional group, all 7 patients were classified as NYHA IV and supported by intra-aortic balloon counter-pulsation (IABP) and 4 patients were for synchronous coronary bypass grafting. Patients using exclusion method were the 1 classified as NYHA III and 5 as IV with cardiogenic shock and supported by IABP. Coronary bypass grafting was performed concomitantly in 2 patients. RESULTS: Five patients died within 30 days after the surgery. Four patients (mortality rate = 57.1%) had reconstruction in traditional way and 1 (mortality rate = 16.6%) in exclusion way. The complication rate was higher in the traditional group (= 100%, n = 7, p = 0.005). In the traditional group, 1 patient received heart transplantation due to persistent severe pump failure and recovered well. Two received tracheostomy due to respiratory failure and 1 died 2 months later. In the group of exclusion method, 1 patient suffered recurrent VSD 2 days after the first surgery and died due to ventricular arrhythmia. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical mortality caused by acute post-infarction VSD has decreased with endocardial patch and infarction exclusion method. Rapid diagnosis, appropriate preoperative management and delicate surgical repair improve the overall results and help to attain long-term survival.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Research methods in dentistry 1. Methods to quantify retention of complete dentures].

Retention is not an unambiguous variable. The degree of retention is dependent on biologic and physiologic properties of a complete denture and the denture-bearing and surrounding tissues. Quantifying retention forces of a complete denture can be carried out with three types of methods: subjective methods, methods with clinical more or less objective criteria, and nearly entire objective methods using measurement equipment. The subjective and most of the methods with clinical criteria are not or little reliable. However, for epidemiological research the methods with clinical criteria are very pragmatic. Of all objective methods using measurement equipment, the gnathodynamometer is the only apparatus with proven reliability.

Dental Research↗