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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Swedish women have developed more risky and more harmful alcohol drinking habits. A survey of alcohol drinking changes among Swedes between 1997-2001].

A random sample of 1,250 persons from the general Swedish population responded to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, AUDIT. The results (72.5% response rate) were compared to the results from an identical survey made 1997 (79.8% response rate). The factor structure and the internal reliability showed good correspondence with those of 1997, indicating a stable and satisfactory psychometric quality of the Swedish AUDIT version. The female prevalence of hazardous or harmful alcohol use had increased from 11 to 15 percent between 1997 and 2001. Thus, women, particularly 28-38 years old, reported drinking more often and in greater amounts. Furthermore, the prevalence of female teetotallers had decreased from 18 to 13 percent. The corresponding trends among men were not significant but might have been underestimated due to a greater dropout, particularly among young men in the year of 2001.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[A study of drinking habits of rural middle and old aged residents in Ibaraki Prefecture--relationship between problem drinking, depression and personality (Part 1). On male subjects].

Although there has been considerable research conducted regarding the relationship between alcohol dependency and clinical depression, there have been few reports which have investigated the relationship between alcohol consumption and depression in the general populace of residents of rural communities in Japan. We investigated this correlation in a rural community located in Ibaraki Prefecture, the findings of which are described in this report. The subjects of this investigation were residents of the southern part of the town of K in Ibaraki Prefecture age 40 and over, all of whom had participated in a medical examination program. With respect to the men surveyed, the proportions of problem drinkers and severe problem drinkers were 10.4% and 25.7%, respectively. According to the results we obtained with respect to correlation with personality, problem drinkers were found most frequently in shut-in personality types (37.5%). In regard to the correlation with depression, 7% of the problem drinkers and severe problem drinkers exhibited an SDS score of 50 or higher. In addition, the non-drinking group demonstrated a significantly higher degree of depression in comparison to the normal drinker and severe problem drinker groups.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[A study of drinking habits of rural middle and old aged residents in Ibaraki Prefecture--relationship between problem drinking, depression and personality (Part 2). On female subjects].

In looking at the findings of the women subjects of this investigation, alcohol consumption decreased rapidly in younger women with the borderline being roughly at the age of 50 years. This is consistent with general trends in Japan. In terms of the correlation with personality, the proportion of drinkers in those groups consisting of syntonic, self-revelation, nervous and persistent personality types was high at 34-37%. 3 out of the 7 women who were severe problem drinkers were of the persistent personality type. As such, it is believed that depression contributes to problem drinking in middle-aged and elderly women residing in rural communities. According to the results of this investigation focused on women residing in rural communities, 30% of the severe problem drinkers were also suffering from depression. As this figure closely resembles the proportion noted in clinical investigations, it was suggested that in the process of alcoholism becoming involved with health care institutions, there are other contributing factors besides clinical depression.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[National information campaign in France. "One drink is O.K., 3 drinks is asking for trouble"].

Despite a downward trend in the consumption of alcohol during the last 10 years, France remains the main consumer of alcohol in the world. One in every 15 deaths is related to alcohol. Some of the reasons for the decrease in alcohol consumption are: the privilege to distill one's own alcohol is now limited to few people, advertisements are controlled, taxes on liquors have been increased, drunken drivers are severely penalized. Moreover, there have been structural changes, one of them being the installation of an improved piped water system. For the first time, in 1984, the French Committee for Health Education launched an information campaign concerning alcoholism. Traditions and customs related to the consumption of alcohol still have a strong positive connotation in France. So this very important consideration had to be taken into account by the planners of the campaign. The keynote of the campaign was therefore that one should drink moderately. The slogan chosen contains a note of humour which the translation does not render: "One glass is OK, three glasses, and your troubles begin". Television spots were widely used in the campaign as well as pamphlets, and various public relations meetings took place. In a preliminary evaluation, a nation-wide survey showed that 70% of the viewers remembered the slogan three months after the end of the campaign. Out of these, 86% thought the campaign was necessary, and 69% considered the campaign had been well-conceived.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Studies on the hygiene of drinking water for laboratory animals. 2. Clinical and biochemical studies in rats and rabbits during long-term provision of acidified drinking water.

The reaction of rats and rabbits to long-term application of acidified drinking water (pH 2.3-2.5) was observed over a 7-months period. The following parameters were studied: growth curves initiated at weaning, haematology, blood glucose, total serum protein, creatinine, inorganic phosphate, sodium, potassium, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine kinase, serum glutamate oxalacetate transaminase, and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase in serum as well as the acid-base status in arterial blood; in addition in rabbits gamma-glutamyl transferase and lactate dehydrogenase were examined in the serum. No significant changes were seen in comparison to the control groups.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Resource protection and resource management of drinking water-reservoirs in Thuringia--a prerequisite for high drinking-water quality.

In face of widespread pollution of surface waters, strategies must be developed for the use of surface waters which protect the high quality standards of drinking water, starting with the catchment area via the reservoir to the consumer. As a rule, priority is given to the avoidance of contaminants directly at their point of origin. Water protection is always cheaper than expensive water-body restoration and water treatment. Complementary to the generally practised technical methods of raw water treatment with all their associated problems of energy input requirements, costs, and waste products, there is an increasing number of environmentally sound treatment technologies which use ecological principles as a basis to support the self-cleaning properties of flowing and dammed waters.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed1988

[Bacterial regrowth in drinking water. I. The upgrading of drinking water].

Seven dead-end water pipes were installed after each treatment step in a drinking water plant. During a period of 7 weeks the bacterial load of freshwater and stagnating water was investigated with different methods. A modified surface spread plate count (Plate Count Agar, 10-fold diluted, 14 days incubation at 20 degrees C) proved to be more effective than the traditional pour plate method, because it gave consistently higher colony counts and had a lower level of detection (0.001 CFU ml-1). The enumerating of electron-transport-system positive bacteria yielded higher numbers than the colony count methods, but is not recommended when recently oxidized water samples are to be investigated. Highest cell counts were attained when using epifluorescence microscopic counting, yet bacterial regrowth could not be monitored thus. The tendency of bacterial regrowth was highest in freshly ozonized water. In stagnating lake water no regrowth occurred after 1 and 3 weeks because of the balance of bacteria and their predators.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1988

[Bacterial regrowth in drinking water. II. Drinking water distribution systems].

Five chromium steel dead-end water pipes were installed over a distance of 12 km along the Zurich city drinking water distribution system. Cell counts were determined in two series of four samplings in fresh water and stagnating water using three different methods. The colony counts of oligocarbon tolerant bacteria (1:10 diluted plate count agar, 20 degrees C, 14 d) in the fresh water was increasing along the distribution line. Initially there were counts around 1 CFU ml-1 and after 12 km between 120 and 1100 CFU ml-1. Water taken from house tabs showed higher colony counts than water taken after reservoirs. After a stagnating time of 14 d all 40 water samples showed aftergrowth from 10(3) up to 10(4) CFU ml-1. Water from the two sampling locations with the longest distance from the treatment plant showed less regrowth tendency. Epifluorescence microscopy and the INT-method for determining the electron transport system positive bacteria (ETS+) were less useful for monitoring bacterial regrowth. However, in the stagnating water there occurred a significantly higher percentage of ETS+ units as compared to the colony forming units (CFU) with growing distance from the treatment plant.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1978

[Microbial settlement of paint- and building-materials in the sphere of drinking-water. 1. Information: long time observation of a bitumen paint in a drinking-water-reservoir (author's transl)].

In a drinking water reservoir with a freshly applied bituminous coating a microbial settlement was found on the walls. Its development was observed over a period of 23 months. The slime on the walls consisted of bacteria and fungi and was secondarily colonized by protozoa and nematodes. The quantities of the microbial coating decreased during a 12 months time. In the beginning of the time of observation a high number of bacteria was found in the water. The carbon fixed by the microbes came from fossile sources to an amount of 90%.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2003

Brain mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase: relation to acetaldehyde aversion in low-alcohol-drinking (UChA) and high-alcohol-drinking (UChB) rats.

Previous reports indicate that the low-drinker (UChA) rats, when compared to high-drinker (UChB) rats, display lower mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) activity due to a mutation of the Aldh2 gene. Because a later study found line differences in sensitivity to the aversive effects of acetaldehyde (AcH) administered intraperitoneally (i.p.), which were not associated with the line difference detected in blood AcH levels, the present study examined the contribution of brain ALDH2 activity to AcH aversion in UChA and UChB rats. In experiment 1, we established the dose - response curves for AcH aversion (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg i.p.) in rats of both lines by using a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) paradigm. The results confirm our previous finding that UChA and UChB rats presented marked differences in their AcH aversion thresholds, which were not associated with the line differences detected in blood AcH levels. In experiment 2, the possibility that the inhibition of the brain ALDH2 would lower the AcH aversion threshold in both lines was studied by determining the effect of cyanamide (10 mg/kg i.p.) pretreatment, an inhibitor of ALDH, on AcH aversion, blood AcH levels and brain ALDH2 activity. The finding that blocking the brain ALDH2 (52%) by cyanamide can make a non-aversive dose of AcH (25 mg/kg) aversive to UChA and UChB rats at blood AcH levels comparable to those induced by a non-aversive dose of AcH (100 mg/kg) in control UChB rats indicates that the line difference in AcH aversion is associated more with brain ALDH2 activity than with liver ALDH2 activity.

Acetaldehyde↗