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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Medical data abstractionism: fitting an EMR to radically evolving medical information systems.

Growing and maintaining a simple and flexible EMR (Electronic Medical Record) becomes a complicated task in light of diverse and distributed legacy data representation, advancing technologies, changes in medical practice and procedure, and changes in data regulation. Utilizing several abstraction mechanisms can simplify application development and maintenance, and provide flexibility for data evolution and migration. Newer applications built on these abstractions can be the beneficiary of slower obsolescence and lower maintenance costs.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2004

Mark-up based analysis of narrative guidelines with the Stepper tool.

The Stepper tool was developed to assist a knowledge engineer in developing a computable version of narrative guidelines. The system is document-centric: it formalises the initial text in multiple user-definable steps corresponding to interactive XML transformations. In this paper, we report on experience obtained by applying the tool on a narrative guideline document addressing unstable angina pectoris. Possible role of the tool and associated methodology in developing a guideline-based application is also discussed.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2004

Tracing the formalization steps of textual guidelines.

This paper presents a new guideline authoring tool, called Guideline Markup Tool (GMT). It proposes two useful features, which are missing in existing tools. First, it facilitates the translation of a free-text guideline into a formal representation, providing special XML macros. Second, it can be used to create links between the original guideline and its formal representation. Therefore, the GMT eases the implementation of clinical guidelines in a formal representation, which can be used in monitoring and therapy planning systems.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2006

MCL injuries of the knee: current concepts review.

Medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury is one of the most common knee injuries, especially in young athletic patients. Most MCL injuries can be managed conservatively with good results. However, a complete understanding of knee anatomy and the involved structures is necessary to make intelligent treatment decisions. We will review the anatomy and biomechanics of the MCL, classification systems for MCL injuries, and operative and nonoperative treatment for acute and chronic MCL injuries.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1991

Design and implementation of a rule based system for ambulatory nursing data management.

In order to effectively organize the use of nursing time during clinic check-in, we designed a forward chaining rule based program for nursing history taking, problem tracking, and documentation. The program consists of a medical logic module trigger engine which identifies relevant rules for nursing history, an interactive question manager for nursing history taking, and a rule generation shell implemented within a specially designed Medical Query Language (MQL) shcema. At clinic check-in, the engine refreshes the rule set for the patient from interaction with the computerized medical record. The interaction driver assists the nurse with tracking of elapsed time, and allows him/her to pursue questions, record data, and create or complete nursing interventions. Nursing question sets and interventions are maintained longitudinally to assure continuity of care. Nursing problems are created on the problem list within the computerized record as the rule system identifies their existence.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1991

Z's, P's, and double blinds: making sense of published research.

Most nurses are inadequately prepared for critically analyzing research. Gastrointestinal "nursing" encompasses a diverse group which includes registered nurses, licensed practical and vocational nurses and trained technicians. The parameters of practice sometimes overlap within this group regardless of formal educational background. It is imperative to the safety of ourselves and our patients and to the advancement of gastrointestinal nursing practice that we are capable of making intelligent, informed decisions regarding the research and reports we are offered. This paper discusses the key elements of research methodology to enhance the interpretive skills of the reader.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMed1989

Chemical risk assessment: a review.

People are exposed to a staggering assortment of chemicals and foreign substances. Potential health risks accompany these exposures. Intelligent, informed decisions are needed on which risks can and should be reduced, eliminated, or simply ignored. Therefore, a method of determining the attendant human health risks involved in chemical exposure is necessary. This need has resulted in the evolution of the risk assessment process which was developed to aid in identifying, characterizing and quantifying risks. Risk assessment today is an essential component of regulatory decision-making. In the context of chemical exposure, risk assessment is an evaluation of the risk in human exposure to chemicals in the environment. Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) is the use of experimental laboratory data and/or human epidemiological data in a process to derive a quantitative value for the estimate of the probability of harm occurring to exposed human populations. It is a sophisticated process involving an array of techniques that can be used to identify potential risks to human health. There are 4 components involved in the formalized risk assessment process--hazard identification, toxicity assessment, exposure assessment and risk characterization. These 4 steps collectively address each of 6 key areas identified as essential in characterizing a risk situation involving a chemical exposure. The process of risk estimation involves uncertainties because there are always gaps in knowledge or a lack in understanding mechanisms. These crucial gaps in knowledge are filled when extrapolations, models or assumptions are used. The uncertainties inherent in the risk assessment process are the basis of arguments against the use of the process. Many of these sources of uncertainty inherent in the risk assessment process are examined herein. These include, but are not limited to, modeling methods, understanding mechanisms and pharmacodynamics, exposure data, assumptions and extrapolations. Some new techniques and approaches being applied to the risk assessment process are examined. These include improved models for extrapolating data and quantifying risks, improved laboratory techniques for investigating pharmacodynamic and mechanistic pathways and advancements in quality and application of epidemiological data. The actual concept of uncertainty is being examined and attempts are being made to directly address, quantify and manage uncertainty.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Artificial intelligence in medical diagnosis: the INTERNIST/CADUCEUS approach.

The development of computers has provided a potential tool to assist in the management of the information explosion in medicine. The field of medical diagnosis is intellectually challenging and has attracted the attention of computer scientists interested in building expert systems using artificial intelligence techniques. This paper reviews some of the problems of medical diagnosis and discusses examples of programs representing different approaches to solving these problems. The programs developed in our laboratory, INTERNIST-1/CADUCEUS, are discussed in some detail.

Artificial Intelligence↗