Effects of an enteral nutritional formula (ENF) administration containing or not containing supplemental fructooligosaccharides (FOS) in healthy human adults.
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Adult↗
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Interaction of prothrombin and its fragments with monolayers containing phosphatidylserine. 1. Binding of prothrombin and its fragment I to phosphatidylserine-containing monolayers.
The adsorption isotherms of prothrombin and its fragment I on phosphatidylserine monolayers and on mixed monolayers of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine were determined by measuring surface radioactivity emanating from the tritium-labeled absorbed proteins at 0.1 N NaCl and between 0 and 10 mM Ca2+. The proteins were absorbed from very dilute solutions, about 10 times more than in previous investigations on bilayer vesicles. The binding constants as obtained from the Scatchard plots were between 3 X 10(6) and 3 X 10(8) mol/L, depending on the experimental conditions. These values are between 2 and 50 times larger, respectively, than the binding constants obtained on bilayer vesicles. Prothrombin absorbs appreciably also in the absence of Ca2+. The significance of these results is discussed.
Adsorption↗
Studies on polynucleotides containing hybrid sequences. Synthesis of oligonucleotides containing thymidine, adenosine, and a single deoxyribonucleotidyl-(3'-5')-ribonucleotide linkage.
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Acetates↗
Acanthamoeba actin. Composition of the peptide that contains 3-methylhistidine and a peptide that contains N e -methyllysine.
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Acetamides↗
Studies on 5-fluorouracil-containing ribonucleic acid. I. Separation and partial characterization of fluorouracil-containing transfer ribonucleic acids from Escherichia coli.
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Amino Acids↗
NMR solution structure of an oligodeoxynucleotide duplex containing the exocyclic lesion 3,N4-etheno-2'-deoxycytidine opposite thymidine: comparison with the duplex containing deoxyadenosine opposite the adduct.
The exocyclic 3,N4-etheno-2'-deoxycytidine adduct was incorporated at the center of the oligodeoxynucleotide duplex d(C-G-T-A-C-epsilon C-C-A-T-G-C).d (G-C-A-T-G-T-G-T-A-C-G), and its solution structure was analyzed using high-resolution proton NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. The experimental data indicate that the oligodeoxynucleotide duplex adopts a right-handed helical structure with sugar puckers in the C2'-endo/C3'-exo range and Watson-Crick hydrogen bond alignments for all base pairs. NOE connectivities established a syn orientation for the glycosidic torsion angle of the exocyclic adduct. Restrained molecular dynamics simulations, using the full relaxation matrix approach, produced a three-dimensional model in agreement with the experimental data. The structure shows only minor perturbations in the sugar-phosphate backbone and a 27 degrees bend of the helical axis at the lesion site. On the refined model a well-formed hydrogen bond between T (N3H) and epsilon C(N4) stabilizes the epsilon C(syn).T(anti) base pair alignment, reflecting the preference of the adduct for the syn orientation. Furthermore, the epsilon C(syn).T(anti) base pair stacks with flanking base pairs. We discuss a correlation between the mutagenic properties of the adduct and the three-dimensional structure of the epsilon C.dA and epsilon C.T duplexes.
Base Composition↗
Adduct formation or metathesis reactions of silver complexes containing the fluorinated ligands [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]- and [CF3SO3]-: formation of silver adducts containing unsupported silver-germanium bonds.
A mixture of [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]Ag(eta 2-toluene) and [(Me)2ATI]GeCl in CH2Cl2, rather than undergoing metathesis, formed a 1:1 adduct [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]Ag<--GeCl[(Me)2ATI] (1, where [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3] = hydrotris(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolyl)borate and [(Me)2ATI] = N-methyl-2-(methylamino)troponiminate) featuring a silver-germanium bond. Solutions of 1 (in CH2Cl2 or toluene) did not precipitate AgCl even after several days. However, it easily underwent metathesis with CF3SO3Ag, leading to the chloride-free product [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]Ag<--Ge(OSO2CF3)[(Me)2ATI] (2). Compounds 1 and 2 were characterized by X-ray crystallography. The Ag-Ge bond distances of 1 and 2 are 2.4215(9) and 2.4116(10) A, respectively.
Journal Article↗
Mixed-metal assemblies containing multiply bonded dirhenium species linked through thiocyanate- and cyanide-containing bridging units.
The lability of the terminal Re-Cl bond that is cis to the bridging CO ligand in the edge-sharing bioctahedral complexes Re(2)(mu-Cl)(mu-CO)(mu-PP)(2)Cl(3)(L), where PP = Ph(2)PC(=CH(2))PPh(2) (dppE) when L = CO (1) and PP = Ph(2)PCH(2)PPh(2) (dppm) when L = CO (2) or XyINC (3), has been exploited in the preparation of mixed-metal Re(4)Pd(2), Re(2)Ag, Re(2)W, Re(2)Pt, and Re(2)Rh assemblies, in which the dirhenium units are bound to the other metals through NCS or CN bridges. These complexes, which retain the Re=Re bonds of the parent dirhenium complexes, comprise the novel centrosymmetric complex [Re(2)Cl(3)(mu-dppE)(2)(CO)(2)(mu-NCS)](2)Pd(2)(mu-SCN)(mu-NCS)Cl(2) (9), and the trimetallic complexes Re(2)Cl(3)(mu-dppE)(2)(CO)(2)[(mu-NC)Ag(CN)] (10), Re(2)Cl(3)(mu-dppE)(2)(CO)(2)[(mu-NC)W(CO)(5)] (11), [Re(2)Cl(3)(mu-dppE)(2)(CO)(2)[(mu-NC)Pt(CN)(CN-t-Bu)(2)]]PF(6) (12), [Re(2)Cl(3)(mu-dppE)(2)(CO)(2)[(mu-N(CN)(2))Rh(CO)(PPh(3))(2)]]O(3)SCF(3) (13), and Re(2)Cl(3)(mu-dppm)(2)(CO)(2)[(mu-NC)W(CO)(5)] (16). The identities of 9 and 16 have been established by X-ray crystallography, and all complexes characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The reactions of the dicarbonyl complex 1, and the isomeric pair of complexes Re(2)Cl(4)(mu-dppm)(2)(CO)(CNXyl), which have edge-sharing bioctahedral (ESBO) (3) and open bioctahedral (OBO) (4) geometries, with Na[N(CN)(2)] and K[C(CN)(3)] have been used to prepare complexes in which the uncoordinated CN groups have the potential to coordinate other mono- or dimetal units to form extended arrays. The complexes which have been prepared and characterized are the monosubstituted species Re(2)Cl(3)(X)(mu-dppE)(2)(CO)(2) (X = N(CN)(2) (14) or C(CN)(3) (15)) and Re(2)Cl(3)(X)(mu-dppm)(2)(CO)(CNXyl) (X = N(CN)(2) (17) or C(CN)(3) (18) with ESBO structures; X = N(CN)(2) (19) or C(CN)(3) (20) with OBO structures), of which 15, 18, and 20 have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure determinations. The substitutional labilities of the Re-Cl bonds in the complexes Re(2)Cl(4)(mu-dppm)(2)(CO) (5), Re(2)Cl(4)(mu-dppm)(2)(CNXyl) (6), and Re(2)Cl(4)(mu-dppm)(2) (7) toward Na[N(CN)(2)] and K[C(CN)(3)] have also been explored and the complexes Re(2)Cl(3)(X)(mu-dppm)(2)(CO) (X = N(CN)(2) (21) or C(CN)(3) (22)), Re(2)Cl(3)(X)(mu-dppm)(2)(CNXyl) (X = N(CN)(2) (23) or C(CN)(3) (24)), Re(2)Cl(2)(X)(2)(mu-dppm)(2)(CNXyl) (X = N(CN)(2) (25) or C(CN)(3) (26)), Re(2)[N(CN)(2)](4)(mu-dppm)(2) (27), and Re(2)[C(CN)(3)](4)(mu-dppm)(2) (28) isolated in good yield. Single-crystal X-ray structure determinations of 24, 26, and 27 have shown that the Re-Re triple bonds present in the starting materials 5-7 are retained in these products.
Journal Article↗
Synthesis of fluorine-containing peptides. Analogues of angiotensin II containing hexafluorovaline.
Gamma, gammma, gammma, gammma', gamma', gammma'-Hexafluorovaline and derivatives have been prepared and incorporated into angiotensin II by fragment condensation and solid-phase peptide synthesis. Hexafluorovaline derivatives showed general resistance toward various enzymatic digestions and the tendency to racemize extensively upon carboxyl activation. When the angiotensin II analogues were assayed on rat uterus, [Hfv5]AII had 133% activity, [D-Hfv5]AII was inactive, and [Ac-Asn1,DL-Hfv8]AII was a potent inhibitor of angiotensin II in vitro and in vivo.
Angiotensin II↗
A water-soluble cholesteryl-containing trisgalactoside: synthesis, properties, and use in directing lipid-containing particles to the liver.
The synthesis of a trisgalactoside-terminated cholesterol derivative is described. Tris(galactosyloxymethyl)-aminomethane is coupled to cholesterol by using glycyl and succinyl as intermediate hydrophilic spacer moieties. The resulting cholesteryl ester dissolves easily in water, forming monodisperse micelles. When added to dispersions of liposomes or plasma lipoproteins in water, the substance becomes incorporated rapidly into these structures, causing an increase of their buoyant density. Liposomes or low-density lipoproteins, preloaded with the substance, are rapidly cleared from the circulation and taken up by the liver after intravenous injection in rats. This uptake is inhibited by N-acetylgalactosamine but not by N-acetylglucosamine, indicating the specificity of this process.
Acetylgalactosamine↗
Photophysics of Carbazole-Containing Systems. 3 Fluorescence of Carbazole-Containing Oligoethers in Dilute Solution.
Fluorescence techniques, including quenching and anisotropy measurements, have been used to study the photophysical behavior of the carbazole-based oligoethers poly{9-(2,3-epoxypropyl)carbazole}, PEPCz, and poly{1,2-epoxy-6-(9-carbazolyl)-4-oxahexane}, PECzOH, and their model compounds, in dilute fluid solutions in THF. These compounds show no evidence of excimer formation under these conditions and their fluorescences exhibit first-order decay behavior regardless of the degree of polymerization of the oligomer. Both steady-state and time-resolved anisotropy measurements upon dilute, glassy solutions show that intramolecular energy migration occurs in the oligomers. Fluorescence quenching experiments, using both dimethylterephthalate and oxygen as quenchers, produced evidence which supports the supposition that in the absence of excimer trapping sites, intramolecular energy migration will be encouraged in dilute fluid solutions of the oligoethers. Unfortunately, the fluorescence quenching data did not permit evaluation of the extents of energy migration in the various polymers or the relative efficiencies with which migration occurs in the two different types of oligoether. This limitation would appear to be a general feature of fluorescence quenching measurements, despite their frequent adoption, in the past, in studies of energy migration in polymers.
Journal Article↗
A User's Guide to the Human Genome. Question 10. For a given protein, how can one determine whether it contains any functional domains of interest? What other proteins contain the same functional domains as this protein? How can one determine whether there is a similarity to other proteins, not only at the sequence level, but also at the structural level?
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Databases, Nucleic Acid↗
Comèl-Netherton syndrome complicated by papillomatous skin lesions containing human papillomaviruses 51 and 52 and plane warts containing human papillomavirus 16.
We describe a 28-year-old woman with characteristic clinical signs of Comèl-Netherton syndrome (CNS) who showed numerous plane warts on her face and forearms and papillomatous skin tumours affecting her groins and genitoanal skin. Using human papillomavirus (HPV) type-specific primers for cutaneous and mucosal HPV types we identified HPV 16-specific sequences in plane warts and HPV 51- and HPV 52-specific DNA in papillomatous skin from the patient's groins, suggesting a pathogenetic role (cofactor) for HPV in the development of verrucous skin lesions in patients with CNS. Whether the susceptibility to HPV infections is due to decreased cellular immunity or epidermal defence mechanisms remains to be seen.
Adult↗
Effects on hemostatic variables of desogestrel- and gestodene-containing oral contraceptives in comparison with levonorgestrel-containing oral contraceptives: a review.
In some studies third-generation oral contraceptives have been reported to be associated with a higher risk of venous thromboembolism than are second-generation oral contraceptives, whereas recent, more refined studies have not confirmed this. The reasons for the alleged differences are under discussion, and differential effects on hemostasis have been proposed. Eighteen studies comparing second- and third-generation oral contraceptives with respect to their effects on hemostasis were analyzed. Significant changes from baseline were reported for many variables with both second- and third-generation oral contraceptives without significant between-group differences. Also, in a combined analysis of nonsignificant changes, no consistent pattern of change emerged for any marker, with the exception of higher factor VII levels associated with third-generation oral contraceptives. However, factor VII is not related to venous thromboembolism risk. In addition, 1 cross-sectional study with an unvalidated assay reported a higher ratio of activated protein C sensitivity with third-generation oral contraceptives. Only 2 components of the hemostatic system (factor VII and activated protein C sensitivity ratio) emerged as potentially differentially affected by second- and third-generation oral contraceptives; the association with venous thromboembolism risk is questionable in the former case and unknown in the latter.
Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal↗
Multivitamin/mineral food supplements containing vitamin B12 may also contain analogues of vitamin B12.
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Corrinoids↗
Energy Transformations in an Unobstructed Air Current, in an Air Current Containing a Dry Obstacle, and in an Air Current Containing an Evaporating Surface; with Application to an Aerodynamic Psychrometer and to the Measurement of Atmospheric Humidity.
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Journal Article↗
A structural model of the plant acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase FatB comprises two helix/4-stranded sheet domains, the N-terminal domain containing residues that affect specificity and the C-terminal domain containing catalytic residues.
Plant acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterases (TEs) terminate the acyl-acyl carrier protein track of fatty acid biosynthesis and play an essential role in determining the amount and composition of fatty acids entering the storage lipid pool. A combination of bioinformatics tools was used to predict a three-dimensional model for Arabidopsis FatB (AtFatB), which comprises a fold similar to that of Escherichia coli TEII, an enzyme that is functionally similar to plant TEs but lacks significant sequence similarity and displays different inhibitor sensitivity. The catalytic residues in AtFatB, Cys-264 and His-229, localize to the same region of the model as catalytic residues found in other enzymes with helix/multi-stranded sheet motifs (hot dog folds). Based on the model, we identified Asn-227 as a possible third member of the proposed papain-like catalytic triad. The conversion of Asn-227 to Ala resulted in a loss of detectable activity (>200-fold reduction), similar to the result seen for the equivalent mutation in papain. Mapping of plant TE specificity-affecting mutations onto the structural model showed that these mutations all cluster around the catalytic triad. Also, superposition of the crystallographically determined structures of the complexes of 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA TE with substrate and beta-hydroxydecanoyl thiol ester dehydrase with inhibitor onto the AtFatB model showed that the substrate and inhibitor localize to the same region as the AtFatB catalytic triad in their respective structures. Together these data corroborate the structural model and show that the hot dog fold is common to enzymes from both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and that this fold supports at least three different catalytic mechanisms.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Digestibility and utilization of rations containing differently treated straw. I. Digestibility by sheep of rations containing differently treated straw].
During 63 digestibility periods of adult sheep, the digestibility of wheat and oat straw sujected to different kinds of treatment was compared. The straw was fed in the following forms: chopped, chopped and treated with 6% sodium hydroxide, pelleted without and with NPN-addition (ammonium bicarbonate and/or urea) during pelleting. Notwithstanding pressing temperatures over 90 degrees C and light moistening of the straw during pellet production, the addition of the two NPN-components did not allow to increase digestibility and energetic feed value. Two replications averaged an increase in energetic feed value by 42% due to NaOH-treatment. Energy digestibility went up by 39 to 55%, and energy concentration increased from 322 to 457 energetic feed equivalents (cattle) per kg DM. In addition, a number of rumen-physiological indices were obtained.
Animal Feed↗