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[Methodological aspects in the study of the natural foci of zoonoses].

Conceptions of different authors on the natural focus of zoonosis infections are analysed and an improved definition of this phenomenon is proposed. The natural focus of disease is the antropoecosystem of certain hierarchic level (biosocial system), where the existence and appearance of the infection agent is supported and the disease is realized in people at certain infection rate.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Bacterial zoonoses: listeria infection of the mother in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy].

Listeria species are Gram-positive bacilli, present in food and in the environment (soil, water). Most of them are fortunately low-virulent, so there is no risk for healthy people. However, in special circumstances, they can be pathogenic, in immunocompromised individuals. Septicaemia in pregnancy is not dangerous for women, but for the foetus, so delayed diagnosis will lead to spontaneous abortion, intrauterine death or eventually to premature labour. We report in our paper case of Listeria septicaemia in a pregnant woman in the third trimester of the pregnancy. Thanks to early diagnosis and subsequent causal antibiotic treatment, we were able to prevent the development of congenital infection and a healthy baby was born.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Zoonoses and dermatoses: the veterinarian's point of view].

Pets live more and more in contact with humans. It is then usual to observe occasionally cutaneous problems transmitted from the animal to the man. The most important risk of dermatozoonosis is dermatophytosis because of a lot of dogs or cats seem to be asymptomatic carriers. Pruritus in owners of pets developing a "mange" is also a complaint very often evokated during the veterinary consultation. Even if this problem could be sometimes very spectacular, in the majority of the cases, all the symptoms in humans disappear with the management of the skin disease in pets. A review of the animal dermatosis presenting a risk for the humans is proposed in the present paper.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Cryptococcus species--etiological agents of zoonoses or sapronosis?].

Cryptococcus strains are doubtless the cause of a sapronosis which occurs worldwide as cryptococcosis in humans and warm-blooded animals. The etiological agent is Cryptococcus neoformans with the varieties neoformans and gattii. The infection proceeds from environmental sources and not from animals suffering from cryptococcosis. Therefore the designation as zooanthroponosis is not right. There is a correlation between the geographical distribution of the varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans in the environments and the clinical manifestation of cryptococcosis. The reservoir of var. neoformans, serotypes A and D, are worldwide pigeons and pet birds which are frequent healthy carriers. They excrete these yeasts with their excrements. Bird droppings favour the propagation of cryptococci in natural substrates. The cryptococcal infection arises from inhalation of contaminated dust. Variety gattii, serotype B, occurs mainly in tropical and subtropical climates and its environmental niche has been identified in Eucalyptus trees. Var. gattii was detected in the air and in decaying wood debris under the canopies of these trees. Serotype C was isolated once from almond trees in Colombia. Cryptococcoses in men caused by var. gattii are endemic in Australia, California, Brazil and other tropical and subtropical regions. Modern molecular typing procedures are available for studying ecological problems of cryptococci and epidemiological questions of cryptococcosis. Immunosuppressed individuals, especially HIV infected persons and AIDS patients, should avoid contact with pigeons and pet birds.

Animals↗