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PubMed1995

Weather and stroke in a subtropical area: Ilan, Taiwan.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to clarify the association of weather and stroke occurrence in a subtropical area in Ilan, Taiwan. METHODS: We studied 517 patients with stroke (date of onset, January 1 to December 31, 1991) in Poh-Ai Hospital and St Mary's Hospital: 316 patients (61.1%) with cerebral infarction, 170 (32.9%) with intracerebral hemorrhage, and 31 (6.0%) with other types of stroke. The daily occurrence of cerebral infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage was analyzed and correlated with three major meteorologic factors: air temperature, air pressure, and relative humidity. RESULTS: The occurrence of cerebral infarction was rather uniform in all kinds of weather. The occurrence of intracerebral hemorrhage was approximately twice as great on cold days (0.71 case per day) and high-pressure days (0.73) as on warm days (0.31) and low-pressure days (0.39) (P < .005 by chi 2 test). When a linear regression model was used to test whether air temperature or air pressure had more influence on intracerebral hemorrhage, only air temperature showed a significant effect. Regarding intracerebral hemorrhage, the relative risks of cooler and median temperature days versus warmer days were 18.5 and 5.1, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Intracerebral hemorrhage but not cerebral infarction occurs more frequently on cooler days, with a dose-response relationship, in Ilan, Taiwan.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Is there a relationship between weather conditions and aortic dissection?

BACKGROUND: Bleeding and rupture of blood vessels has been correlated with weather conditions in the past. This is the first study in the world literature with the aim of investigating the relationship between atmospheric pressure and temperature with the presentation of aortic dissection. METHODS: The dates of all emergency aortic dissection repairs from 1996-2002 in a regional cardiothoracic unit at Blackpool Victoria Hospital were obtained. Hourly temperature and pressure data from a regional weather station for this time period was supplied by the Meteorological Office. The mean and standard deviation of hourly temperature and pressure data for that month were compared to the mean and standard deviation of the data 24 and 48 hours prior to the aortic dissection. RESULTS: 26 patients were found to have been operated on during the time period studied. There was no statistically significant correlation between temperature or atmospheric pressure readings, and the incidence of aortic dissection, using a Bonferonni-corrected significance p-value of 0.005 CONCLUSION: This study is the first to examine the relationship between atmospheric pressure, temperature and dissecting thoracic aorta. No statistically significant relationship was demonstrable.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed2006

Impact of trap design, windbreaks, and weather on captures of European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in pheromone-baited traps.

Pheromone-baited traps are often used in ecological studies of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). However, differences in trap captures may be confounded by trap design, trap location relative to a windbreak, and changes in local weather. The objectives of this experiment were, first, to examine differences in 0. nubilalis adult (moth) captures among the Intercept wing trap, the Intercept bucket/funnel UNI trap, and the Hartstack wire-mesh, 75-cm-diameter cone trap (large metal cone trap) as well as among three cone trap designs. Second, we examined the influence of the location of the large metal cone trap relative to a windbreak on the number of moths captured. Third, we examined the relationship between nightly mean air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation, and the number of moths captured in large metal cone traps. The number of moths captured was significantly influenced by trap design, with large metal cone traps capturing the most moths. Wing and bucket traps were ineffective. Differences among trap captures were significant among trap locations relative to a windbreak. Under strong (>14 kph) or moderate (7 <14 kph) wind speeds, traps located leeward of the windbreak captured the most moths, but when wind speeds were light (<7 kph), traps not associated with windbreaks captured the most moths. The multiple regression model fitted to the relationship between number of moths captured per Julian date and nightly weather patterns was significant. Nightly mean air temperature was the most influential parameter in the model, and its relationship with moth capture was positive.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Post-fledging survival of northern goshawks: the importance of prey abundance, weather, and dispersal.

Effective wildlife conservation strategies require an understanding of how fluctuating environmental conditions affect sensitive life stages. As part of a long-term study, we examined post-fledging and post-independence survival of 89 radio-marked juvenile Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) produced from 48 nests in northern Arizona, USA, during 1998-2001. Information-theoretic methods were used to examine within- and among-year variation in survival relative to environmental (prey abundance, weather), territory (hatching date, brood size), and individual (gender, body mass) sources of variation. The results support age- and cohort-specific differences in survival that were best explained by behaviors occurring at distinct stages of juvenile development, annual changes in the density of primary bird and mammal prey species, and gender-related differences in body mass. Survival between fledging and independence increased linearly with age and varied among annual cohorts of radio-marked juveniles from 0.81 (95% CI = 0.60-0.93) to 1.00 (95% CI = 0.95-1.00) in association with annual differences in prey density; the slope coefficient for the additive effect of prey density on survival was 1.12 (95% CI = 0.06-2.19). Survival declined to 0.71 (95% CI = 0.60-0.93) shortly after juveniles initiated dispersal (weeks 8-12 post-fledging) and moved to more open habitats at lower elevations. Survival was not closely associated with weather or territory-level parameters. A comparison of the predictions of environmental-, territory-, and individual-based models of survival demonstrated that food availability was the primary factor limiting juvenile survival. This finding indicates that forest management prescriptions designed to support abundant prey populations while providing forest structural conditions that allow goshawks to access their prey within breeding areas should benefit juvenile survival.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Effects of weather and river flow on cryptosporidiosis.

Outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis have been linked to weather patterns such as heavy precipitation. However, outbreaks only account for a small percentage of all cryptosporidiosis cases and so the causes of the majority of cases are uncertain. This study assessed the role of environmental factors in all cases of cryptosporidiosis by using ordinary least-squares regression to examine the relationship between the monthly cryptosporidiosis rate, and the weather and river flows in England and Wales between 1989 and 1996. Between April and July the cryptosporidiosis rate was positively related to maximum river flow in the current month. Between August and November cryptosporidiosis was also positively linked to maximum river flows in the current month but only after accounting for the previous month's temperature, precipitation and monthly cryptosporidiosis rate. No associations were found between December and March. Through an understanding of the environmental processes at work, these relationships are all consistent with an animal to human transmission pathway especially as the relationships vary throughout the year. This study therefore indicates the importance of an animal to human transmission pathway for all cases of cryptosporidiosis.

Cryptosporidiosis↗
PubMed1986

Influence of weather on stiffness and force in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

A simple instrument has been developed for quantitative measurement of stiffness (elasticity) and maximum force of the fingers and was tested in a series of 122 out-patients with RA and 101 healthy controls. Values measured for stiffness were higher in RA patients and were scattered more widely than in controls and the mean values for force in the RA patients were lower than in controls. RA patients with an elevated ESR have significantly less strength than those with low ESR. We evaluated the influence of the time of day and weather (humidity and air temperature on the wards and outside the hospital, barometer pressure) on stiffness and force. In 13 in-patients with definite or classical RA and 12 controls, measurements were performed in the morning and afternoons, over periods of 3 weeks. In RA patients, both stiffness and force increased with outside air humidity (p less than 0.05), confirming the clinical experience that stiffness increases in damp weather. In the controls, force decreased with a higher air humidity on the wards (p = 0.05) and increased with higher barometer pressure (p less than 0.05). In the controls joint stiffness was higher in the morning than in the afternoon (p less than 0.05). In the RA group, rather unexpectedly, the reverse was found (p = 0.06), possibly explained by the time of the day the investigation was done. Only in the controls was a significant increase in force noted during the 3 weeks of investigation (p less than 0.005). No correlation was seen between force and stiffness. No correlation was found between disease activity as expressed in ESR, Hb, Rose titre, ARA grading and stiffness or force.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1994

Effect of weather conditions on acute gouty arthritis.

82 patients were retrospectively evaluated for the effects of maximal and minimal temperatures, barometric pressure, wet and dry temperatures and heat stress on the five consecutive days preceding an acute gouty attack. Maximal temperature on day four preceding the attack was higher than the monthly mean [p < 0.01], the fifth day's lower than the monthly mean minimal temperature [p < 0.05], and the mean barometric pressure of the fifth day before the attack higher then the monthly mean [p < 0.02]. On day four before the acute gouty arthritic attack heat stress was significantly higher than the mean monthly heat stress [p < 0.03]. The same findings were noted between the difference of the fifth night wet and fourth night dry temperatures, which were higher than those on the day of the attack [p < 0.05 and p < 0.03 respectively]. These weather changes were not specific to a certain month. Weather changes which occur four to five days before an acute gouty attack may play a significant role in precipitating the attack.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chemical composition of different sorts of soybeans and changes under the influence of weather and soil-climatic conditions].

The biochemical composition (the content of protein and lipids, the content of essential amino acids in the protein complex, the fatty acid composition of lipids) of seeds of eighteen soyabean varieties cultivated in different soil-climatic zones under various weather conditions was examined. Changes in the biochemical parameters were primarily associated with the genotype of the variety. The effect of weather, soil and climatic conditions was less marked. With an increase of the protein content the concentration of lysine and methionine in proteins tended to decrease. As long as the oil content in seeds grew, the concentration of oleic acid increased and that of linoleic and linolenic acids decreased.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Is quality of life affected by season and weather conditions in ankylosing spondylitis?

OBJECTIVE: To examine the links between the quality of life (QOL) and season and weather conditions in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. METHODS: A cohort of 146 AS patients (67% males), with a mean age of 47.3 years and a mean disease duration of 12.8 years, answered a self-administered questionnaire, the AS-AIMS2 validated for AS, 4 times over a period of one year in a postal survey. Clinical measures were assessed in a subsample of the cohort. Meterological data including daily temperature, hygrometry, wind speed and atmospheric pressure were collected over the same period. RESULTS: In this cohort, 106 patients completed the follow-up. A higher lumbar spine flexibility (Schober index) was associated with a higher climatic temperature and lower wind speed. Physical QOL improved in the summer, as did Social Interaction in the summer and fall, while Role QOL decreased in winter. A lower perceived QOL was significantly associated with a higher temperature and wind speed over the past 4 weeks, and with a higher hygrometry and atmospheric pressure over the past 2 days prior to completion of the questionnaire. CONCLUSION: This study provides some support to the popular belief and frequent patient complaints of a link between health status and perceived quality of life, as assessed by a specific questionnaire, with season and weather conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Reported morbidity and the weather.

Some observations have been made about the influence of the weather on the use of the general-practitioner service. It is difficult to disentangle the biological and behavioural components of these findings, but in general extremes of weather-low temperatures and sunshine in winter and high temperatures and sunshine in summer-appeared to increase the numbers of reported episodes of respiratory illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

X-Band local area weather radar--preliminary calibration results.

DHI has developed a cost-effective X-Band Local Area Weather Radar (LAWR) with a typical range (radius) of 60 km, 500 x 500 m areal resolution and 253 reflection levels. The development is performed in a co-operation with a number of European partners, including Danish Meteorological Institute. The specifications of the weather radar and preliminary results from the calibration are presented. Good calibration results have been obtained using high-resolution rain gauges.

Calibration↗
PubMed1975

[Meteorotropic activity of the weather conditions and their role in suicide epidemiology. I. Communication (author's transl)].

On days when there are multiple weather fronts, the number of suicides per day rises significantly, especially when the multiple fronts appear. With a disturbed high pressure, this correlation appears on the following day. With an impending depression and an occluded front, this correlation also falls on the day after these meteorological conditions, but it is weaker. The daily number of suicides rises considerably higher on a day when three meteorotropically active weather conditions prevail at the same time. The greatest number of suicides were committed in the spring. The number of suicides occurring in individual seasons or months assumes different levels, but without forming a biological annual rhythm.

Atmospheric Pressure↗
PubMed2002

Human factors analysis of accidents involving visual flight rules flight into adverse weather.

BACKGROUND: General aviation (GA) accident statistics indicate that visual flight rules (VFR) flight into instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) is a major safety hazard. However, little research has been conducted to identify the factors that influence VFR pilots' decisions to risk flying into deteriorating weather. The purpose of the present study was to further examine the causes of GA accidents associated with VFR flight into IMC. METHOD: A comprehensive review of GA accident reports maintained by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) was conducted to identify accidents involving VFR flight into IMC between January 1990 and December 1997. These accidents were compared with other GA accidents that occurred during the same time period. RESULTS: Analyses of these accidents revealed that VFR flight into IMC accidents were more likely to involve less-experienced pilots and to have passengers aboard the accident aircraft compared with the other GA accidents. In addition, most VFR flight into IMC accidents were considered by the NTSB to have involved intentional flight into adverse weather by the pilot. DISCUSSION: These findings are interpreted in terms of their implications for the underlying causes of VFR flight into IMC, including situation assessment, risk perception, and social pressure. Intervention programs that address all of these factors are needed.

Accidents, Aviation↗
PubMed2002

Impact of weather on presentation of kidney tumour: a thirteen years retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: Presentation of kidney tumor patients in-group gave birth to the hypothesis that oncogen exposure is influenced by the weather. Frequency and spectrum of renal tumors was also studied. Incidence of the tumor cannot be evaluated as we are lacking in data collection of pediatric population, inoperable cases and patients with bilateral renal tumors, who did not under go nephrectomies. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Case records of all patients who underwent nephrectomy at the Department of Urology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, between 1988 and 2000 were retrospectively analyzed. Histologically proven cases of renal cancer seen over 13 years period under review, were included in the study. RESULTS: Between 1988 to 2000, 80 histologically proven cases of renal carcinoma were seen. The ages of the patients ranged from 10 to 80 years (median 55 years) with a male to female ratio of 2:1. The frequency of kidney tumor in different months was evaluated. Spring and end of summer season showed increase number of kidney tumor patients 27.50% and 30% respectively but it is not significant. This is a small study at one center and data from other centers may be conclusive. Histology showed renal cell carcinoma in 86.2%, squamous cell carcinoma in 3.75%, transitional cell carcinoma in 3.75%, Wilms' tumor and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 1.25% each and undifferentiated in 2.5% cases. Invasiveness was found in 16.25% cases, 7.5% had renal vein involvement, 6.25% lymph node and 2.5% inferior vena cava. Side of involvement was right in 51.2% and left in 48.8% cases. Of the total urological malignancies that were seen during 13 years period under review, renal carcinoma was found in 12.4% cases. Of the total nephrectomies that were carried out during this period 24.5% were the cases of renal carcinoma. Hospital frequency of renal carcinoma was 2.28/100,000/year or 6.1 tumors per year. CONCLUSION: Impact of weather could not be proved a causative factor for kidney tumor presentation. This study also indicates that although the frequency of renal carcinoma may be different from western countries but the spectrum of the disease is quite similar.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Photoenhanced toxicity of aqueous phase and chemically dispersed weathered Alaska North Slope crude oil to Pacific herring eggs and larvae.

The photoenhanced toxicity of weathered Alaska North Slope crude oil (ANS) was investigated in the eggs and larvae of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) with and without the chemical dispersant Corexit 9527. Oil alone was acutely toxic to larvae at aqueous concentrations below 50 microg/L total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (tPAH), and median lethal (LC50s) and effective concentrations (EC50s) decreased with time after initial oil exposure. Brief exposure to sunlight (approximately 2.5 h/d for 2 d) significantly increased toxicity 1.5- to 48-fold over control lighting. Photoenhanced toxicity only occurred when oil was present in larval tissue and increased with increasing tPAH concentration in tissue. Ultraviolet radiation A (UVA) treatments were less potent than natural sunlight, and UVA + sunlight caused greater toxicity than sunlight alone. The toxicity of chemically dispersed oil was similar to oil alone in control and UVA treatments, but oil + dispersant was significantly more toxic in the sunlight treatments. The chemical dispersant appeared to accelerate PAH dissolution into the aqueous phase, resulting in more rapid toxicity. In oil + dispersant exposures, the 96-h no-observed-effect concentrations in the UVA + sunlight treatment were 0.2 microg/L tPAH and 0.01 microg/g tPAH. Exposure of herring eggs to oil caused yolk sac edema, but eggs were not exposed to sun and UVA treatment did not cause phototoxicity. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that weathered ANS is phototoxic and that UV can be a significant and causative factor in the mortality of early life stages of herring exposed to oil and chemically dispersed oil.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Impact of weather changes on the growth of the unicellular Blepharisma undulans (Stein).

The growth of Blepharisma undulans (Stein) cells durably treated and not treated with insulin was followed up for three months with special regard a possible impact of meteorological factors on the growth rate. The growth rate of the protozoon was not appreciably altered by weather changes but the growth curves for cells treated and not treated with insulin indicated opposing trends of multiplication under the influence of approaching weather fronts. Warm fronts which have a parasympathic effect and cold fronts which have a sympathetic effect uniformly enhanced the growth rate of the untreated cells and retarded that of the insulin treated cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Weather effects in rheumatoid arthritis: from controversy to consensus. A review.

OBJECTIVE: To review and evaluate the evidence for the widespread view that signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are influenced, or even caused, by the weather. METHODS: A literature search from 1985 to April 2003 was performed using the PubMed database of the US National Library of Medicine. Additional relevant articles were identified from the bibliographies, and from our own archives. Methods and findings of the studies were critically reviewed. RESULTS: Only temperature and humidity appear to have clear influences on the symptoms of RA, although the reported findings do not agree. In many cases, the apparent controversies can be explained by the intimate relationship between temperature and humidity, and by taking local circumstances into account. The differences in the methods applied in studies on effects of weather on RA strongly hampered our evaluation. CONCLUSION: RA variables are positively correlated with the humidity of the microclimate at the patient's skin. High outdoor relative humidity is unfavorable, but has less influence when there are few barriers for water vapor, like clothes, and when air conditioning is used. High temperature is unfavorable since it increases absolute humidity, but beneficial as well, since it reduces the presence of barriers, and stimulates the use of air conditioning. The classic opinion, "Cold and wet is bad, warm and dry is good for RA patients," seems to be true only as far as humidity is concerned.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of weather on a course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in conditions of the Northern Kirghizia with moderate continental climate].

A monitoring of clinical and functional conditions in different types of weather was made in 123 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease living in North Kirghizia. It was found that unfavourable weather has a negative impact on clinical condition of the patients as well as their external respiration function. Parasympathetic effects enhance while pulmonary surfactant's activity weakens.

Adaptation, Physiological↗