Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Vigna”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Auxin and brassinosteroid differentially regulate the expression of three members of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase gene family in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.).

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) markedly increased ethylene production by inducing the expression of three 1aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase cDNAs (pVR-ACS1, pVR-ACS6 and pVR-ACS7) in mung bean hypocotyls. Results from nuclear run-on transcription assay and RNA gel blot studies revealed that all three genes were transcriptionally active displaying unique patterns of induction by IAA and various hormones in etiolated hypocotyls. Particularly, 24-epibrassinolide (BR), an active brassinosteroid, specifically enhanced the expression of VR-ACS7 by a distinct temporal induction mechanism compared to that of IAA. In addition, BR synergistically increased the IAA-induced VR-ACS6 and VR-ACS7 transcript levels, while it effectively abolished both the IAA- and kinetin-induced accumulation of VR-ACS1 mRNA. In light-grown plants, VR-ACS1 was induced by IAA in roots, and VR-ACS6 in epicotyls. IAA- and BR-treatments were not able to increase the VR-ACS7 transcript in the light-grown tissues. These results indicate that the expression of ACC synthase multigene family is regulated by complex hormonal and developmental networks in a gene- and tissue-specific manner in mung bean plants. The VR-ACS7 gene was isolated, and chimeric fusion between the 2.4 kb 5'-upstream region and the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene was constructed and introduced into Nicotiana tabacum. Analysis of transgenic tobacco plants revealed the VR-ACS7 promoter-driven GUS activity at a highly localized region of the hypocotyl-root junction of control seedlings, while a marked induction of GUS activity was detected only in the hypocotyl region of the IAA-treated transgenic seedlings where rapid cell elongation occurs. Although there was a modest synergistic effect of BR on the IAA-induced GUS activity, BR alone failed to increase the GUS activity, suggesting that induction of VR-ACS7 occurs via separate signaling pathways in response to IAA and BR. A scheme of the multiple regulatory pathways for the expression of ACC synthase multigene family by auxin and BR is presented.

Brassinosteroids↗
PubMed1998

Selected nutritional components and sensory attributes of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp) leaves.

Reports on the nutritional composition of cowpea leaves have been limited to a small number of lines and the palatability characteristics of leaves apparently have not been studied. This study was therefore undertaken on cowpea leaves to determine the nutrient composition of fifteen varieties and the sensory attributes of ten varieties grown in Ghana. Nutritional components studied were moisture, protein, phosphorus and ascorbic acid. The sensory attributes included leaf size, taste and overall acceptability. There were significant (p > 0.05) differences among varieties in all nutrient components (fresh and dry weight basis), leaf size and overall acceptability. The nutrient composition values, on a dry weight basis, ranged from 9.4 to 13.0% for moisture, 303.8 to 468.9 mg/100 g for phosphorus, 33.5 to 148.0 mg/100 g for ascorbic acid, and 27.1 to 34.7% for protein. Differences in the sensory scores of leaves for taste were not significant (p > 0.05). Overall acceptability positively correlated with leaf size. Moisture content was negatively correlated with overall acceptability, phosphorus and ascorbic acid. Results can be exploited in a breeding program to develop nutritionally superior and acceptable cowpea varieties which can be used for harvesting of both leaves and seeds.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1999

Studies on the production of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) tempe.

Bambara groundnut, an indigenous African legume, was subjected to fermentation by three strains of Rhizopus. One strain B. arrhizus could not ferment the substrate. Mycelial penetration and binding was good when strains NRRL 2710 (R. oligosporus) and NRRL 1477 (R. stolonifer) were used. Fermentation by both strains resulted in increases of pH, moisture, protein and fat while total carbohydrate decreased by 50%. Sensory evaluation showed that bambara groundnut tempes rated similar (p>0.5) in taste and texture and higher (p<0.05) in color and flavor than soybean tempe. Bambara groundnut would be an acceptable food product in the diet as a good protein supplement.

Africa↗
PubMed1999

Effects of infestation on the nutrient content and physiocochemical properties of two cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) varieties.

Two cowpea varieties (Ife-brown and Kano-white varieties) were used for the study. The effects of insect infestation on the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of these cowpea seeds were studied. The proximate composition, mineral content, total starch, total soluble sugars, bulk density, fat and water absorption capacities, viscosity, gelation capacity and emulsion properties of infested cowpea varieties were compared with those of uninfested cowpeas. Effects of infestation on nitrogen solubility and on the protein fractions were also determined. Infestation depleted the protein, starch and soluble sugar contents of cowpeas. Oil and water absorption capacities were increased while emulsification, foam and viscosity properties were reduced. The nitrogen solubility pattern was altered. Uninfested Kano-white cowpeas (UKW) possessed better foam properties than uninfested Ife-brown cowpeas (UFB). On the other hand, UFB had better emulsification properties than UKW.

Absorption↗
PubMed1999

Variability in the antinutritional constituents in greengram Vigna radiata.

Five greengram varieties, viz. Mg 161, M3, Co2, Pusa 8793 and Pusa baisakhi, were analyzed for phytic acid, tannic acid and trypsin activity. Significant varietal variation in tannin (310 to 400 mg percent), phytic acid (201.33 to 265.33 mg percent) and trypsin inhibitor activity (55.74 to 97.70 TIU/mg) were observed.

Fabaceae↗
PubMed1999

The effects of sun-drying surfaces and packaging materials on the storability of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seed.

The effects of sun-drying cowpea seeds for three hours on cement (CS), wood (WS), and corrugated iron sheet (CIS) surfaces and packaging separately in polyethene and jute bags were studied. Moisture-gain, and resistance to insect and mold damage were monitored monthly for six months, while proximate analyses on day zero and at the 6th month were conducted. Results showed that the three-hour sun-drying of cowpea seeds on reflective surfaces (CIS and CS) enhanced the rate of moisture-reabsorption during storage and consequently, the degree of mold and insect damage irrespective of the packaging material employed. Crude fat, fiber and ash contents, unlike protein and moisture contents, remained virtually constant (p < or = 0.05). In this study, the wood surface and polyethene bag were the most preferred treatments to store sun-dried cowpea seeds for about 5.7 months.

Desiccation↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of selected food attributes of four advanced lines of ungerminated and germinated Nigerian cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.).

The chemical composition and functional properties of ungerminated and germinated seeds of four advanced lines of cowpeas (IT81D-699, IT82E-18, IT84S-2246-4 and TVx 3236) were investigated. Ungerminated seeds contained 20.1 to 25.8% crude protein, 2.0 to 2.2% lipid, 115.1 to 210.0 mg phytic acid/100 g and 8.9 to 9.6 mg iron/100 g. The polyphenol contents of the brown- and cream-colored beans were similar (192.0 to 196.0 mg/100 g) but were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the amount (99.8 mg/100 g) found in the white beans. Germination increased the crude protein content, total phosphorus content, nitrogen solubility, fat absorption capacity and foam capacity but decreased ether extract, polyphenol and phytic acid contents, water absorption capacity, bulk density and foam stability of all cowpea lines. Incorporation of up to 0.2 M NaCl improved foam volume. Ungerminated seeds had high water (2.3-3.2 g/g) absorption capacities, while germinated seeds had high fat (3.1-3.6 g/g) absorption capacities. TVx 3236 and IT81D-699 might be selected for combining such characteristics as high crude protein, low phytic acid content and good foaming properties into a single cowpea line through breeding.

Absorption↗
PubMed2001

Nutritional quality of germinated cowpea flour (Vigna unguiculata) and its application in home prepared powdered weaning foods.

Amino acid profiles, protein digestibility, corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS), chemical scores, essential amino acid indexes, and calculated biological values of controlcowpea flour (CCF), germinated cowpea flour (GCF) prepared from cowpeas germinated at 25 degrees C for either 24 h or 48 h and weaning foods prepared from cowpea flours were determined. Locally available rice, cowpea flour, banana-pumpkin slurry, and skim milk powder and sucrose in the ratio 35:35:15:15:5 were used to formulate weaning food containing not less than 15% protein. The ingredients were cooked into a slurry and oven-dried to produce flakes. The nutritional and sensory qualities of the weaning products were evaluated. Germination had little effect on the amino acid profile of cowpeas. In vitro protein quality and starch digestibility were improved in germinated cowpea flour. The PDCAAS of 24 h germinated cowpea flour (GCF) weaning food was higher (55.49%) than CCF-weaning food (46.74%). Vitamin A activity in 24 h GCF weaning food was higher than in CCF-weaning food. In vitro starch digestibilities of 24 h GCF and 48 h GCF-weaning foods were higher than that of CCF weaning food. The 24 h GCF-weaning food which had a higher overall acceptability score by sensory panelist than 48 h GCF and CCF-weaning food is recommended for household consumption.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2001

Tannin contents and protein digestibility of black grams (Vigna mungo) after soaking and cooking.

The objective of this research was to ascertain the effects of soaking black grams (Cultivar AARI-5732) in different salt solutions at different temperatures and different time periods, and different methods of cooking on the tannin content and protein digestibility. Tannin content of black grams was reduced to various extents by soaking at 30 degrees and 100 degrees C for different time periods. However, soaking at 100 degrees C increased the rate of extraction and reduced the extraction time of tannins. Soaking black grams in water at 100 degrees C reduced tannins by 22.14% in 45 minutes whereas about 2.5 times more tannin was reduced after soaking in sodium bicarbonate solution with or without sodium chloride. Maximum improvement in protein digestibility was also observed after soaking black grams in sodium bicarbonate solution. Tannin contents were further reduced along with improvement in protein digestibility as a result of cooking.

Cooking↗
PubMed2001

Chemical, sensory and rheological properties of porridges from processed sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) flours.

The chemical, sensory and rheological properties of porridges made from blends of sprouted sorghum, bambara groundnuts and fermented sweet potatoes were examined. Sorghum and bambara groundnuts were sprouted for 48 h while sweet potatoes were fermented for the same period. Blends were formulated from the processed ingredients in the ratio of 60:40:0, 57:42:1, 55:44:1 and 52:46:2 (protein basis) of sorghum, bambara groundnuts and sweet potatoes. Porridges were prepared from the composite flours and the traditional sorghum complementary food. Standard assay methods were used to evaluate the flours for nutrient composition. The porridges were also tested for sensory properties and viscosity. Processing increased the levels of most of the nutrients evaluated. Relative to the sorghum traditional complementary food, the composite flours had higher levels of lipids, protein, ash, crude fiber and minerals (p < 0.05). The porridges from the composite flours were generally liked slightly by the panelists and were about seven times less viscous than the porridge from the traditional sorghum complementary food. Use of the composite flours, particularly the 52:46:2 blend, as a traditional complementary food should be encouraged in Nigeria especially with the increasing cost of commercial complementary foods.

Arachis↗
PubMed2002

Effect of domestic processing on zinc bioavailability from ricebean (Vigna umbellata) diets.

The effects of various processing methods viz. pressure cooking with soaking, sprouting (48 h), sprouting and pressure cooking, dehulling, and pressure cooking of the dehulled legume on the bioavailability of zinc were studied. The total zinc content varied from 3.28 to 3.37%; the highest being in raw ricebeans and the lowest being in dehulled, soaked and pressure cooked, and sprouted and pressure cooked ricebeans, respectively. The soluble zinc content was highest for dehulled soaked and pressure cooked ricebeans (28.2%) and lowest for raw ricebeans (16.0%). The absorption, retention, and balance of zinc were estimated in rats fed experimental and standard ZnSO4 diets using a balance study. The maximum retention of zinc was observed in dehulled soaked, and pressure cooked diets (63.37%) followed by sprouted (48 h) and pressure cooked (61.38%) diets. The gain in body weight, total femur zinc and retention of zinc in liver, kidneys and spleen were found to be highest for rats eating the sprouted pressure cooked diet followed by the dehulled, soaked and pressure cooked diet. Plasma zinc levels were found to range from 3.81 to 6.34 micromol/dl; they were maximum for rats fed the dehulled, soaked and pressure cooked diet. It can be concluded that dehulling significantly improves the availability of zinc and germination of ricebeans is the best method to enhance the zinc availability.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Genetic basis of plant height and its degree of indetermination in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek).

The genetic basis of plant height at various growth stages and the degree of indetermination of plant height in six mungbean genotypes (NM 92, 6601, NM 89, VC 1560D and VC 3902A) were assessed through half diallel cross. Cultivars, 6601 and NM 92, were the best general combiner for pre-flowering dry matter accumulation and minimum increase in plant height from first flower to 90% pods maturity, respectively. For these traits, the combination NM 92 x NM 89 was the best specific combiner of all the crosses. Both additive and dominant gene effects controlled the inheritance of plant height at first pod and to 90% pods maturity, degree of indetermination of plant height (DDh) from first flower to first pod maturity (DDh1), DDh from first flower to 90% pods maturity (DDh2) and DDh from first pod maturity to 90% pods maturity (DDh3). Plant height at first flower was additively inherited. The additive gene action was predominant as compared to dominant gene action for all the traits examined. High narrow and broad sense heritability estimates for DDh2 showed that better response to selection is possible for the development of mungbean genotypes with minimum increase in plant height during post-flowering development.

Fabaceae↗
PubMed1998

Purification and cDNA cloning of cytokinin-specific binding protein from mung bean (Vigna radiata).

Synthetic urea derivatives such as N-phenyl-N'-(4-pyridyl)urea (4PU) and N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea (4PU30) have strong cytokinin activities. Using tritiated 4PU30 as a probe, we previously established the presence of a cytokinin-specific binding protein (CSBP) of high affinity (Ka for 4PU30 = 4x10(10) M(-1)) in the soluble fraction of etiolated mung bean seedlings [Nagata, R., Kawachi, E., Hashimoto, Y. & Shudo, K. (1993) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 191, 543-549]. In this report, we purified CSBP by the use of 4PU-Sepharose 4B, an affinity gel liganded with 4PU. We determined partial amino acid sequences of CSBP and isolated its cDNA by reverse-transcription (RT) PCR. The cDNA encoded a protein with a calculated molecular mass of 17 kDa. A data base homology search revealed that CSBP is a novel member of a major pollen allergen/pathogenesis-related protein family. Recombinant CSBP was expressed in Escherichia coli and was confirmed to bind specifically to cytokinins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Effects of dietary substitution with raw and heat-treated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) on intestinal transport and pancreatic enzymes in the pig.

Tropical grain legumes represent potentially important feed for farm animals. However, diarrhoea and poor growth performance have been reported, due to the various anti-nutritional factors they contain. This study addressed in particular whether dietary cowpea impaired the growth of pigs, whether the small intestinal Na+/D-glucose coabsorptive transport capacity was decreased, whether the Cl- secretory capacity was increased, and, finally, whether these parameters were affected by heat treatment of cowpea. Pigs, 4 weeks old, were fed for 3 weeks with one of three diets: (i) standard soy, (ii) 75% of soy substituted with raw cowpea, or (iii) 75% of soy substituted with heat-treated cowpea. The absorptive and secretory capacities of the jejunum and ileum were measured with the Ussing chamber technique. Weight gain, feed intake, pancreatic protein and enzyme concentrations and levels of the blood hormones glucagon and cholecystokinin were also measured. The Na+ transport capacity was measured as the increase in short-circuit current (Isc) when D-glucose was added to the luminal side in the Ussing chambers. Isc was significantly higher in the jejunum from raw cowpea-fed pigs than in the jejunum from standard soy-fed pigs, with no difference between the two cowpea-fed groups. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor theophylline was subsequently added bilaterally, and the increase in Isc indicated the cAMP-depedent Cl- secretory capacity. In the jejunum this was significantly higher in raw and heat-treated cowpea-fed pigs than in standard soy-fed pigs. In contrast, there were no differences in the ileal transport capacities. There were no differences in the pancreatic protein and trypsin concentrations or the blood hormones, but the raw cowpea-fed pigs had significantly lower pancreatic amylase than standard soy-fed pigs. Weight gain and feed intake were lowest in the cowpea-fed groups, with no significant difference between the two groups. In conclusion, the hypothesis of impaired small intestinal absorption of D-glucose and Na+ as causing malabsorption, and therefore impaired growth, during cowpea substitution in the feed may be firmly rejected. The increased Cl- secretory capacity, although moderate, may contribute to the higher incidence of post-weaning diarrhoea in cowpea-fed pigs, as observed in other studies. Additionally, the decreased food intake, feed conversion and weight gain were unaffected by heat treatment, further suggesting involvement of heat-stable anti-nutritional factors.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2001

Two pathogenesis-related peroxidases in greengram (Vigna radiata (L.) wilczek) leaves and cultured cells induced by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. and its elicitor.

An elicitor has been isolated from Macrophomina phaseolina, the root rot and leaf blight pathogen of greengram. Suspension-cultured cells of greengram were established which responded to the fungal elicitor. When greengram leaves were inoculated with M. phaseolina two new peroxidases appeared. Similarly, two new peroxidases could be detected in suspension-cultured greengram cells when treated with the fungal elicitor. These peroxidases were purified by column chromatography and their molecular masses were 27 and 38 kDa. The new peroxidases detected in both leaves and cultured cells appear to be similar with the same molecular weights.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed2003

Combat of iron-deprivation through a plant growth promoting fluorescent Pseudomonas strain GRP3A in mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilzeck).

Microorganisms and plants sustain themselves under iron-deprived conditions by releasing siderophores. Among others, fluorescent pseudomonads are known to exert extensive biocontrol action against soil and root borne phytopathogens through release of antimicrobials and siderophores. In this study, production and regulation of siderophores by fluorescent Pseudomonas strain GRP3A was studied. Among various media tested, standard succinate medium (SSM) promoted maximum siderophore production of 56.59 mg l(-1). There were low levels of siderophore in complex media like King's B medium, trypticase soya medium and nutrient medium (41.27, 29.86 and 27.63 mg l(-1)), respectively. In defferrated SSM, siderophore level was quantified to be 68.74 mg l(-1). Supplementation with iron (FeCl3) resulted in decreased siderophore levels depending on concentration. Siderophore production was promoted by Zn2+ (78.94 mg l(-1)), Cu2+ (68.80 mg l(-1)) whereas Co2+ (57.33 mg l(-1)) and Fe3+ reduced siderophore production (37.44 mg l(-1) as compared to control (55.97 mg l(-1)). Strain GRP3A showed plant growth promotion under iron limited conditions.

Carbon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic analysis of mutations at loci controlling leaf form in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata.

Mutations affecting leaflet number and shape occurred at high frequencies in some cowpea crosses. Mutant plants were nonpetiolate and unifoliolate as opposed to normal plants which were petiolate and trifoliolate. Two types of unifoliolate mutants were distinguishable on the basis of leaf shape which was ovate in one mutant and orbicular in the other. The nonpetiolate and the unifoliolate traits in the two mutants are each controlled by single recessive genes, but the genes controlling the traits in the different mutants were nonallelic. The orbicular leaf shape was also under the control of a single recessive gene. In the F2 and subsequent generations of the cross IBS 2497 x IBS 2625, orbicular-shaped unifoliolate leaf mutants were regularly produced, although the two parents involved in the cross were both trifoliolate. Linkage tests showed that the genes pt-1 for nonpetiolate trait, un-2 for unifoliolate leaf, and orb for orbicular leaf shape in one of the mutants were located on the same chromosome, while the genes pt-3 and un-3 in the other were also linked on a different chromosome. The results of this study provide further evidence indicating the involvement of transposable elements in the mutations observed in the cowpea lines used in this study.

Chromosome Mapping↗