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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Epidemiology and aetiology of cancer of the uterine cervix including the detection of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines in the human vaginal vault.

Cancer of the uterine cervix occurs with high frequency in black females of several populations of Southern Africa. It accounts for 40-50% of all cancers in Black females in the Johannesburg area and for over 40% of those in women in the rural lowveld area of the Transvaal. The aetiology of this cancer has several distinct features, almost all of which concern some or other aspect of coitus. Age at first coitus and at first marriage, and promiscuity, are very strongly associated with the development of the disease, and age, race, religion, culture, socio-economic status, extent of genital hygiene and venereal disease also play a major role. In spite of current belief, circumcision of the male partner is at best weakly associated with the development of the disease, and so are menstruation, coital habits and pregnancy. Certain aetiological features are selectively discussed; these include Herpesvirus type II, 'rogue' spermatozoa and the recent isolation of a group of potent carcinogens, the nitrosamines, in infected discharge samples taken from the vaginal vault of patients attending gynaecological clinics.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2006

Genital tuberculosis in a tamoxifen-treated postmenopausal woman with breast cancer and bloody vaginal discharge.

BACKGROUND: Female genital tuberculosis is an uncommon disease that is rarely diagnosed in developed countries. CASE PRESENTATION: A 61-year-old postmenopausal woman who had undergone surgery and treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast five years ago, presented with bloody vaginal discharge, fatigue, weight loss, and low grade fevers at night for two months. Histological examination of the endometrium, done based on the suspicion of a second primary cancer due to the tamoxifen therapy, revealed a granulomatous reaction. Liquid and solid mycobacterial cultures of the tissues were performed. Although the acid fast staining was negative, the liquid culture was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Involvement of other systems was not detected. The patient was treated with a three-drug antituberculosis regimen for 9 months and recovered fully. CONCLUSION: Female genital tuberculosis is a rare but curable disease that should be included in the differential diagnosis of women with menstrual problems. Early diagnosis is important and may prevent unnecessary invasive procedures for the patient.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1978

Estrogenic effect in vaginal smears in cancer of the uterine cervix.

Values of karyopyknotic index (KPI) in a series of 37 uterine cervix cancer patients were significantly increased when compared with the same groups of 61 healthy women. Radiosensitivity of the tumors was accompanied by subsequent decreasing in the KPI values while in all radioresistent cases as well as in all early recurrences persistence of initial high KPI values could be proved. Significant differences in the kinetics of KPI changes during and after radiation in the group of praemenopausal and postmenopausal patients support suggestion for non ovarian origin of this estrogen like activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

MR imaging during intracavitary brachytherapy of vaginal and cervical cancer: preliminary results.

Intracavitary brachytherapy is an effective treatment for gynecologic cancers. Twelve magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies were performed during intracavitary brachytherapy (10 initial studies and two during repeat brachytherapy) in 10 patients with clear cell adenocarcinoma (n = 9) or epithelioma (n = 1). Fifty percent of the vaginal lesions did not demonstrate high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Individually tailored molded applicators allowed easy detection of abnormal vaginal parietal thickening on T1-weighted images: Results in seven cases were concordant with results of clinical examination, and there were no false-negative results. MR imaging was useful in controlling the relationships between the tumor and the applicator and facilitated treatment planning, since the radiation dose to the tumor volume and adjacent critical organs could be calculated accurately. Limitations of MR imaging were underestimation of superficial vaginal tumors and the inability to differentiate between tumor and inflammation after recent surgery or repeat intracavitary brachytherapy. MR imaging during intracavitary brachytherapy appears to be a useful adjunct to clinical examination.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗
PubMed2000

[Radical vaginal trachelectomy for invasive cervical cancer].

The use of operative laparoscopy in gynecologic oncology has paved the way to a more conservative approach in radical treatments of some cancers, particularly cervical cancer. After the vaginal approach which shortens the hospital stay and the morbidity of a radical hysterectomy, a new fertility-preserving radical treatment has been proposed : the Radical Vaginal Trachelectomy (RVT). This technique has been used since 1991 in our institution. Until July 1999, 37 patients with early-stage cervical cancer desiring to retain their fertility were treated by a laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy (LPL) and RVT. The median age was 32 (22-42), and 25 were nulliparous. Twelve were FIGO stage Ia2, 22 Ib1, 2 IIa and one Ia1 (VSI+). Most of the tumors were squamous (23), grade I (21), and the lesion was 2cms or less in 35 patients. Median operating time was 275 minutes ( 200 for the last 10 cases), and blood loss 200cc. Complications were mainly due to the LPL (3 arterial injuries) rather than the RVT (one iatrogenic cystotomy and one parametrial bleeding). The mean follow-up is 42 months. Two patients recurred including one who had a small-cell neuroendocrine tumor. Ten patients had a total of 13 pregnancies with 7 live births. One newborn died of E.coli-septicemia. Two patients had early miscarriages and 2 second trimester abortions (17 and 20 weeks). Two patients are still pregnant. LPL-RVT seems to be a good treatment modality for early-stage cervical cancer. It preserves fertility without lowering the chances of survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Treatment of vaginal recurrence in endometrial cancer. A review.

BACKGROUND: We have reviewed the literature concerning vaginal recurrence in endometrial cancer with emphasis on prognostics and therapeutic results. Compared to the overall outcome of recurrences (11-17 per cent survive more than 3-19 years) the survival rate of strictly vaginal recurrence appears significantly higher (up to 60-70 per cent survive more than 5 years). However, the prognosis deteriorates significantly in cases where recurrences prove to be more widespread. Other factors towards predicting a poor outcome are high age, high stage, high grade, detection of papillary carcinoma, rapid recurrence, location to the lower part of vagina, large tumor size, and previous radiation. METHODS: Different methods of initial treatment and cross-relations between most prognostic factors renders any ranking of prognostic factors almost impossible. RESULTS: Standard treatment of vaginal recurrence including combined external and intra vaginal radiation used for decades have been unable to improve survival rate. CONCLUSION: We suggest a more individualized treatment based on exact delineation of the disease.

Adult↗