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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Bacterial flora of the cervix in women using different methods of contraception.

Bacteriologic culture samples were taken from the cervix in three groups of 10 healthy, sexually active women using barrier contraception, oral contraceptives, or a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device. Culture samples for Candida albicans and Trichomonas vaginalis were taken, a cytologic vaginal smear was obtained, and an amine sniff test was performed; these were in addition to a routine gynecologic examination. Multiple bacteria were isolated from the cervix in women using oral contraceptives or an intrauterine contraceptive device, whereas lactobacilli alone dominated the flora of women using barrier contraception. Significantly more anaerobic bacteria were isolated from the cervix in oral contraceptive and intrauterine contraceptive device users when compared with the barrier method users. Symptoms and findings evident of anaerobic vaginosis were associated with the occurrence of anaerobic bacteria in the cervix of three patients using the intrauterine contraceptive device. The results showed that the cervical bacterial flora in sexually active healthy women is rich in anaerobes that can be regarded as a normal finding in women using oral contraceptives or intrauterine contraceptive devices. Barrier contraception with a condom prevents this anaerobic shift and maintains a lactobacilli-dominated flora in the cervix.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The cervical cap: a retrospective study of an alternative contraceptive technique.

A follow-up study on 130 women fitted with a cervical cap over a 12-month period drew a response rate of 43% (56 respondents). The group was young, well educated, and highly motivated. The failure rate was 16.9 per 100 women years (Pearl method), with inconsistent use and dislodgement being of major importance. The continuation rate was 75% (minimum 3 months of use), and 84% expressed satisfaction with the method. No significant side effects or risks to health were encountered. The conclusion is that there is a significant demand for alternative contraceptive methods among a select group of women. However, in the present state of knowledge, use of the cap should probably not be encouraged as a primary means of contraception, but should be reserved for those women with multiple contraceptive problems or for highly motivated women who seek out this means, understand its limitations, and can accept the relative uncertainty of its effectiveness.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Short-term acceptability of the female condom among staff and patients at a New York City Hospital.

An acceptability study of the female condom undertaken at New York's Harlem Hospital between August 1993 and February 1994 enrolled 52 women aged 18-57, 41 of whom (79%) used the female condom at least once. Of these, one-half used the female condom at least three times and 40% used it once; on average, women used it 2.4 times. Two-thirds of users liked the female condom either very much or somewhat, 20% were neutral and 15% stated that they did not like it. One-half of the women reported that their partner liked the device, while 17% said he felt neutral about it and approximately one-quarter said he disliked it. Seventy-three percent of respondents and 44% of their partners preferred the female condom to the male condom.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Fitting the cervical cap.

The cervical cap is now available for general use by American women. Several steps are necessary to select women who are good candidates for cap usage and to successfully fit the cap. Many women are not good candidates for the cap. The cap is generally not suitable for women who have recently become sexually active or who are first-time contraceptors. Many users are women who cannot use more widely available contraceptives. Successful cap use requires a highly motivated, persistent woman who will correctly insert and remove her cap. The size, shape, length, position and location of the cervix must be assessed by the clinician prior to fitting the cap. The cervix should be visually inspected for lesions or cervicitis and a Pap smear should be taken. After an initial cap is selected, the stability of the cap, gaps between the cap and cervix, areas of uncovered cervix and the adequacy of the suction seal should be assessed. The woman should be taught how to insert and remove the cap. Additionally, she should be instructed to use a backup method of contraception until she is sure that the cap will remain in place during sexual intercourse. Successful cap fitting requires a careful, methodical approach by the clinician and a carefully selected, highly motivated client. This article presents the steps of cervical cap fitting.

Contraceptive Devices, Female↗