Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “VASA VASORUM”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Cryostatic micro-computed tomography imaging of arterial wall perfusion.

A double-walled copper vessel, 32 cc in volume, was fabricated for scanning tissue specimens while maintained below freezing point. To keep specimen temperature within +/- 1 degrees C, temperature sensors within the chamber control, the rate of inflow of the cold nitrogen gas vented through the chamber. The specimen is attached to a small platform on top of a vertical pin which is attached to the computer-controlled rotating stage under the vessel. The purpose of this arrangement is to permit scanning of specimens up to 2 cm3 that (1) cannot be "fixed" (e.g., with formalin) because of analyses which are incompatible with prior fixation (certain immunohistochemistry and biomolecular methods), or (2) are "snap"-frozen during a transient process, such as the accumulation and/or washout of radiopaque indicators. Examples of "cryoscans" of porcine carotid and coronary artery wall opacification in either untouched or acutely stented arteries, snap-frozen immediately after selective intra-arterial injection of a contrast agent, show accumulation of contrast in the extravascular space indicating increased endothelial permeability or endothelial and medial disruption following stent placement. The detection of contrast in the adventitia suggest that vasa vasorum deliver the contrast agent from the main lumen to the adventitial extravascular space but not to the media.

Angiography↗
PubMed1992

The blood supply of digital nerves: a microanatomical study of superficial and deep palmar venous networks.

In this work on vascularization of digital nerves, we have studied the anatomy of the deep network of venae comitantes of digital arteries, and the system of superficial palmar venules. 22 specimens of nerve and artery were dissected as one unit and were infused with Microfil prior to study under the microscope. The deep venous network, a satellite of the digital artery, can be classified into four types. A true network of deep venae comitantes exists in three of these four types, drained by deep veins arising from the transverse anastomotic arches between the palmar digital pedicles. Vascularization of the digital nerve is supplied by numerous anastomotic vessels connecting epineurial vessels, digital artery and the periarterial network (venae comitantes and vasa vasorum). This anatomical configuration lends itself to vascularized nerve grafting; for example, it is possible to use a nerve/artery graft taken as a unit from an amputated finger unsuitable for replantation. Two types of valves in this superficial venous network have been identified and their function is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Arterial fibrodysplasia. Histopathologic character and current etiologic concepts.

Arterial fibrodysplasia affected 196 patients (172 females, 24 males) harboring a total of 316 diseased vessels. Renal artery lesions were documented in 152 adult and 25 pediatric patients. Superior mesenteric, celiac, common hepatic, and external iliac arteries were occasionally involved. Intimal fibroplasia and medial hyperplasia are uncommon types of arterial dysplasia. Medical fibroplasia represents a continum of disease, including pathologic processes heretofore categorized as subadventital or perimedial fibroplasia. A previously unrecognized form of perimedial dysplasia, characterized by dense accumulations of elastic tissue about the periphery of the media, is reported as a distinct pathologic entity. Hormonal influences, traction-stretch stresses, and peculiarities in distribution of vasa vasorum in vessels affected by dysplastic processes may be prerequisite to the evolution of arterial fibrodysplasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Liver histological structure in adult European bison. Bison bonasus (Linnaeus, 1758).

The histological structure of the liver in 12 European bison, 2-8 years old, was presented. The study of the hepatic lobule showed that in Bison bonasus there were no connective septa around the hepatic lobules. On the hepatic lobule territory, solitary bile ducts, respectively solitary arterioles, were sometimes observed. Every one of these vessels was isolated from the hepatic parenchyma by thick coats of collagen. In the adventitia of the hepatic sublobar vessels, capillaries of the vasa vasorum system were found. The thick capsule of Glisson presented an outer part lacking in blood vessels and an inner part vascularised with arterioles and capillaries originating from the subcapsular portal tracts. The ligament insertion in the liver parenchyma was described.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[The wall structure of the central vein of the human adrenal glands].

The wall structure of the vena centralis in the human adrenal gland was examined by light and electron microscopy. The longitudinal smooth muscle system in the wall of the central vein was found to be incomplete, eccentric, and located far from the intima. At the junction with smaller veins the muscle system increases in size so that a thickening protrudes the intima into the lumen. A structured intercellular substance of varying width is located between the endothelium and the smooth muscle system, and unmyelinated adrenergic nerve fibres extend to the endothelium. Vasa vasorum are found only in the periphery of the vascular walls. The findings are interpreted as follows: The construction of the vein walls in the medulla of the human adrenal gland acts as a protection against the excessive contractile effect of a small to medium concentration of noradrenalin from the adrenal medulla.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1979

Structure of lymphatics in the aorta and the periaortic tissues, and vascular lesions caused by disturbance of the lymphatics.

In the cases of obstruction of the lymphatics alone, vascular lesions were slighter compared with those of obstruction of the arterial vasa vasorum (5). However, in the cases of severe disturbances of flow from the vascular wall with marked increase of the connective tissues, vascular lesions such as wide intimal thickening progressed. So, disturbance of lymphatics in the aorta and the periaortic tissue seemed to give an influence on the microcirculation in the vascular wall and vascular lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Use of varicose veins as arterial bypass grafts.

Varicose veins are not generally used as arterial bypass grafts despite their physiological endothelial flow surface. The large, irregular diameter and the thin wall renders these veins inadequate. Experimental studies have shown that a considerable reduction in the diameter of veins can be achieved by external wrapping without the generation of obstructing folds of the vein wall. A Dacron mesh tube surrounding varicose veins was used as a bypass graft in 13 infrainguinal arterial reconstructions. Ligated larger side branches and connections of the mesh segments caused irregularities of the otherwise smooth flow surfaces. Ten grafts were patent after a mean follow-up of 17 months. Two grafts have remained patent despite severe outflow obstruction in one and proximal occlusion in the other; both underwent successful interventions. The antithrombogenic properties of these grafts were partly due to a marked increase of the vasa vasorum. Externally constricted varicose veins may be used as arterial bypass conduits with good intermediate-term patency.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Arteriographic demonstration of intravenous tumor extension.

The arteriographic demonstration of a linear, striated arterial pattern in the anatomic course of the draining vein is reliable evidence of venous extension by a tumor and represents the supply to the intravenous component of the neoplasm. In addition to its previously described occurrence with hypernephromas, this report documents the characteristic angiographic appearance with hepatocellular tumors and a retroperitoneal osteosarcoma as reliable evidence of tumor extension into the inferior vena cava. It is possible that in some cases, the parallel arteries represent markedly enlarged vasa vasorum of the involved venous structure. The frequent invasion of the inferior vena cava by hepatomas and the importance of inferior vena cavography in their angiographic evaluation is also emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Giant cell arteritis and takayasu's disease: histopathological criteria (author's transl)].

Both of these arterial diseases may involve the aorta and the major arterial trunks. Two cases of subclavian involvement are used to contrast them from a histopathological standpoint. In giant cell arteritis, the lesions affect above all the internal elastic layer and the inner part of the media, destroyed by an inflammatory infiltrate with giant cells. In Takayasu's disease, the lesions involve the adventitia, the site of fibrosis and of inflammatory islets with the vasa vasorum at the centres. Involvement of the media is predominantly in its outer part, the internal elastic layer being intact. A histopathological definition of these arterial diseases may be envisaged on the basis of these facts.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Morphology and classification of subdivisions of the intrahepatic vascular and biliary systems in sheep.

Tensol casts and histology were used to demonstrate sub-divisions of the portal and hepatic veins, and arterial and biliary systems. Portal and hepatic venous subdivisions were most readily identified. Based upon size, location, sequence of branching and histological characteristics a nomenclature for the sub-divisions of the portal vascular system was proposed. The names of distributing, primary, terminal, secondary (long and short) and tertiary veins were adopted to identify portal veins branches. The same criteria allowed the identification of three hepatic vein branches, central, sublobular and hepatic; the central hepatic veins and to a much lesser extent the sublobular hepatic veins drained the sinusoids. Casts of the arterial system demonstrated the arterial blood supply to the biliary system, to the sinusoids and portal vein vasa vasorum but they were of little use in identifying subdivisions. Arterial subdivision identification is possible by using accompanying portal veins as morphological markers and designating the subdivision after the vein. This approach is also applicable to the biliary system and provides a more accurate means of subdivision identification than does the broader division into ductules, intermediate and large ducts.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Lymphaticolymphatic anastomosis.

Lymphaticovenous anastomosis has proved valuable in the treatment of obstructive lymphedema. Histological studies of this anastomosis have shown the lymphatic component to be almost inactive in anastomotic healing. In order to clarify the role of the lymphatics, experimental lymphaticolymphatic anastomoses were performed in canine femoral lymphatics. The technique developed calls for eight to ten 19 mu sutures to prevent vessel wall collapse, and preservation of the vasa vasorum. Vessels were harvested from one hour to six weeks after anastomosis. Scanning electron microscopy and conventional light histology revealed the lymphatics to have active healing of the intima with complete reendothelialization by two weeks. The techniques developed in this study are directly applicable to human lymphaticovenous anastomosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Dissecting aortic aneurysms: a clinicopathological study. II. Histopathology of the aorta.

The aortas from 83 patients with dissecting aneurysm were studied histologically. There were two examples of giant-cell arteritis, one of non-specific arteritis and one of syphilis. Apart from these, no constant feature was found in the cases of dissection when compared with 20 controls. In particular there was no difference in the grades of cystic medial necrosis, medionecrosis and fibrosis. Focal fragmentation of elastica was present in the majority of dissections (63 per cent) but similar abnormalities were seen in most controls (85 per cent). The vasa vasorum showed no special features in dissection. Intimal fibrosis and intimal longitudinal muscle were present in both groups studied. Sixteen cases showed 'old' dissections as manifest by either granulation tissue or fibrosis. The histopathological features of the four cases diagnosed clinically as having Marfan's syndrome did not differ from controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Presence of angiotensin converting enzyme in the adventitia of large blood vessels.

BACKGROUND: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is present in the endothelial cells of all vascular beds. There are, however, many reports of converting enzyme activity in blood vessels not associated with the endothelium. METHODS: ACE was localized in large blood vessels of a number of mammals by in vitro autoradiography using the radioligand 125I-351A. To characterize this binding further, immunohistochemistry was performed on rabbit aorta using polyclonal antisera raised to two different preparations of rabbit lung ACE. RESULTS: In all of the blood vessels studied, which included the rabbit pulmonary artery, rabbit, dog and sheep aorta, human internal mammary artery and human saphenous vein, high levels of radioligand binding were found in endothelial cells, as expected. In addition, a very high density of punctate binding was observed interspersed between diffuse moderate labelling in the adventitia. Immunoreactivity was confined to the endothelium of both the intima and the vasa vasorum of the adventitia. The immunostaining correlated well with the autoradiography. The ACE inhibitors lisinopril and perindoprilat displayed similar high affinities in competing for the binding of 125I-351A to the endothelium and adventitia of the sheep aorta, suggesting that at these two sites the radioligand was binding to ACE. CONCLUSIONS: We find that ACE in the adventitia of large blood vessels is confined to the vaso vasorum. The results of this study help to explain the findings of many studies that ACE activity persists in endothelium-denuded blood vessels and also reveals a source of ACE distant from the luminal endothelial surface.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1978

Carbon monoxide-induced arterial wall hypoxia and atherosclerosis.

The elevated carbon monoxide level found in tobacco smokers has been suggested as one etiologic factor linking it with atherosclerosis. Unquestionably carbon monoxide does induce some arterial wall hypoxia, which has been established as an atherogenic factor, but without knowing the extent and location of this hypoxia the importance of this mechanism could not previously be assessed. Carbon monoxide acts both by inducing hypoxemia and shifting the oxyhemoglobin equilibrium curve, with these effects acting on the oxygen transport system from both the luminal blood and the vasa vasorum. We have studied this system using a computer simulation of the human arterial wall and found significant, mid-medial hypoxia with blood carbon monoxide levels routinely found in smokers. Because these levels fluctuate, the hypoxia they induce would be expected to be uncompensated by increased vascularization and therefore potentially represent a much more significant factor in atherogenesis than chronic hypoxia alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Takayasu's truncoarteritis. Pulseless disease or aortitis syndrome.

The etiology of Takayasu's truncoarteritis is still unknown, although recent studies have suggested the participation of immunogenetic factors in the pathogenesis of this disease. Based on the summary of autopsy findings and taking clinical features into consideration, the current criteria for the pathological diagnosis of this condition might be summarized as follows. 1) Non-syphilitic truncoarteritis frequently occurring in young females. 2) Frequent manifestation of pulseless syndrome, and occasional presence of specific eye-ground findings or hypertension. 3) Common involvement of cranial stem arteries, and frequent involvement of the entire aorta and pulmonary artery. 4) Lesions in the stem arteries initially develop in the form of mesoperiarteritis by way of the vasa vasorum, and this is followed by intense intimal and adventitial fibrosis and occasionally thrombus formation. 5) Inflammatory changes in the media and adventitia exhibit histologically granulomatous inflammation with giant cells, diffuse productive inflammation consisting of lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration, diffuse or nodular fibrosis accompanied by disintegration and loss of elastic fibers. 6) Marked fibrosis of the affected stem artery causes stenosis or obliteration of the lumen, and leads to aneurysm formation or dilatation of the artery.

Aortic Arch Syndromes↗
PubMed1994

The adventitia and atherogenesis: removal initiates intimal proliferation in the rabbit which regresses on generation of a 'neoadventitia'.

Removal of the carotid artery adventitia from rabbits induced the formation of an intimal hyperplastic lesion. In rabbits fed a normal diet, the lesion (measured as the intimal:medial ratio) was maximal by day 14 (0.456 +/- 0.079, n = 5, P < 0.01) and thereafter, regressed towards control dimensions (0.037 +/- 0.003, n = 14) by day 28 (0.080 +/- 0.025, n = 7, P = 0.14). In rabbits fed a high cholesterol diet, the lesion was again maximal by day 14 (0.376 +/- 0.056, n = 8, P < 0.01). Although some regression was seen, the lesion persisted to day 42 (0.272 +/- 0.052, n = 8, P < 0.01). Electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry showed two types of lesion, (a) smooth muscle cell predominant on normal diet and, (b) macrophage predominant on high cholesterol diet. Smooth muscle cell predominant lesions underwent almost complete regression, whereas macrophage predominant lesions persisted. We propose that lesion formation may be initiated following the development of arterial wall hypoxia, secondary to excision of the adventitial vasa vasorum. Furthermore, we have devised a novel method to restore a highly vascular 'neoadventitia' to an artery whose adventitia has previously been removed, using loosely placed PVC tubing. We suggest this 'neoadventitia' was able to inhibit the formation of an intimal hyperplastic lesion and to promote regression of an already established lesion by restoring arterial wall oxygenation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier distribution inside vascular wall and arterial pressure evolution: is there a relationship?

The hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOC), like dextran-benzene-tetracarboxylate-hemoglobin (Dex-BTC-Hb), which are present at high concentrations in plasma disturb arterial pressure and induce hypertension. To study if the increase of mean arterial pressure (MAP) is due to the presence of cell-free hemoglobin (Hb) inside abdominal aortic wall, we followed on a model of 50% isovolemic exchange transfusion (IET) in anesthetized guinea pigs, the kinetic of Dex-BTC-Hb distribution inside abdominal aortic wall and we investigated the relationship between arterial pressure modifications and modified Hb distribution. The administration of Dex-BTC-Hb induced instantaneously an increase of MAP that reached its maximum (53% of hypertension from baseline) at 17 min after the end of the IET and was maintained maximally up to 30 min. A significantly decrease of MAP (45% of hypertension from baseline) was observed after 60 min and the baseline level was recovered at 180 min. The investigation of tissue at 17 min by confocal microscopy showed the presence of free Hb in or upon endothelial cells (EC) in intima and in vasa vasorum. At 180 min, the free Hb was found in or upon EC and inside all abdominal aortic wall meanwhile MAP recovered its basal value. These results suggest for the first time that Hb in intima seems to induce the hypertension observed upon IET but can not sustain it even if Hb stayed present in intima and in abdominal aortic wall.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Prefabricated engineered skin flap using an arteriovenous vascular bundle as a vascular carrier in rabbits.

BACKGROUND: The authors previously described induction of spontaneous tissue generation by implanting a collagen matrix and a ligated pedicle (arteriovenous bundle) into a hollow porous chamber in vivo in the rabbit. They hypothesized that increased tissue volume could be obtained by the application of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and/or by increasing the chamber size and porosity. METHODS: In rabbits, a saphenous arteriovenous pedicle and a collagen sponge were inserted into a porous chamber in the groin. Small-volume pore chambers (experiment 1, n = 7) and larger-volume, wider pore chambers (experiment 2, n = 13) were compared, and each was compared with and without bFGF. An additional three flaps of experiment 2 with bFGF were skin grafted, microsurgically transplanted to the ear, and evaluated at 6 months for stability. RESULTS: All patent chambers grew tissue; chambers with bFGF were almost filled, and those without were only half-filled. Histomorphometric analysis confirmed a significant difference. The larger-volume, larger-pore chambers produced more than twice the volume of tissue as the smaller chambers did, and this was significant. Tissue volume in both the control and bFGF groups of experiment 2 was significantly greater than that in the respective groups of experiment 1. Histology, angiography, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed greater vascularity in the bFGF groups and demonstrated vascular connections penetrating the chamber pores linking with angiogenic sprouts, probably from the vasa vasorum of the pedicle, to contribute to new growth. Transplanted flaps survived and appeared normal 6 months later. CONCLUSIONS: Patent pedicles, bFGF, large pore size, and larger-volume chambers all seemed to contribute to increased tissue growth in this model. The tissue is stable long term.

Animals↗