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PubMed1983

[Comparative evaluation of the informativeness of computed serial renoscintigraphy and excretory urography in uterine cancer].

Computerized serial renoscintigraphy and excretory urography were carried out in 112 patients with uterine carcinoma. It was found that, in diagnosis of pathology of the urinary system, the effectiveness of radionephrologic procedure is higher than that of intravenous urography (31.7 and 27.6%, respectively). Also, computerized serial renoscintigraphy proved to be an objective means of assessing the recovery of urinary system function at various stages after therapy. Moreover, nephroscintigraphy plays an important role in timely detection of recurrences.

Computers↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Increased abnormal urothelial cells in voided urine following excretory urography.

A prospective study of 45 consecutive patients scheduled for excretory urography demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the proportion of abnormal urothelial cells, including pseudomalignant cells, recovered in the urine between three hours and seven days after urography. The total number of urothelial cells recovered in the urine did not increase at any time. The Millipore filter imprint technique, which allows semiquantitative examination of urothelial cells from urine, is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Toward efficient urography.

A survey of intravenous urography in Nova Scotia shows a lack of consistency in timing and number of films used. Dehydration is still practiced in most centres and tomography is not used routinely. A revised protocol for urography is suggested, consisting of three films with additional views added as necessary. The three would include a single tomographic section when available. Dehydration procedures should be discontinued. Such a protocol might lead to a reduction in radiation exposure and patient risk and Canada-wide savings of more than three million dollars annually.

Humans↗

PubMed1980

[The intravenous urography with rapid sequence films of the early arterial phase (author's transl)].

The intravenous urography alone as a screening-test in renal and renovascular hypertension does not give the expected results. A technique is described how to improve and enlarge the sensitivity of the intravenous urography by rapid sequence films of the early arterial phase. By the opacification of the aorta and the renal arteries it is possible to detect a renovascular hypertension. Hexabrix is a well tolerated contrast medium, which because of its low osmolality is suitable for injection as a bolus.

Aortography↗

PubMed1994

[A comparative assessment between transrectal echography, venous urography, CAT and morphology in patients with prostatic carcinoma].

By incidence rate prostate gland carcinoma ranks second among all neoplastic diseases. As all tumorous neoformations, it is conspicuous for its progressive character. Clinical, laboratory and roentgen methods, thus far routinely used in practice, are hardly in a position to establish correct and accurate diagnosis alone. The diagnostic potentials of transrectal ultrasound examination, intravenous urography, CAT and morphological patterns are comparatively studied in patients presenting prostate gland carcinoma. The obtained results point to a greater diagnostic relevance of transrectal ultrasound examination, by comparison with CAT and intravenous urography. It is a matter of a noninvasive and highly effective procedure for primary diagnosis of the neoplastic process. Emphasis is laid on the necessity to confirm the echographic diagnosis in all instances by performing morphological study in conjunction with the remaining diagnostic methods.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

[Comparative study of urography, scintigraphy and renal arteriography in polycystic degeneration of the kidneys].

In patients with polycystic kidney disease the diagnostic value and complications of urography (84 cases) were compared to those of scintigraphy (84 cases) and renal arteriography (33 cases). In the analyzed material arteriography was shown to be the most useful method in the diagnosis and differentiation of this disease, while scintigraphy was the safest, without any complications. Both the methods were definitely superior to urography in the diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease. Urographic findings may erroneously suggest the diagnosis of kidney cancer in patients with cystic changes more pronounced in one kidney.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Intravenous urography in blunt renal trauma].

In order to re-evaluate the indications for an acute excretory urography after blunt renal trauma, the medical records of 116 patients admitted to the Department of Urology, Odense University Hospital, during a ten year period were reviewed. Fourteen cases of major renal damage were revealed. Thirteen of these patients had macroscopic haematuria. Three of the thirteen were in shock and required an acute operation in order to stabilise their blood pressure. In one case, a 13-year-old girl had a major renal lesion which was diagnosed by acute excretory urography before examination of the urine. The present data support other reports in the literature stating that radiographic imaging is not necessary in the adult sustaining blunt renal trauma with microscopic haematuria and no shock.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

["Rare" urography by MRI: an alternative to IVU?].

The authors describe the technique of RARE sequences (Hennig, 1986) and their hydrographic application to urinary imaging, RARE urography. Heavily T2-weighted non-tomographic images of the urinary tract are obtained in less than 30 seconds, without contrast medium or ionizing radiation. The whole urinary tract is visualised on one image with a spatial resolution superior to that of sonography. The semiology of RARE urography is similar to that of the intravenous pyelogram. Silent kidneys are also visualised.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

[Improvement of excretory urography with the routine use of tomography (author's transl)].

The additional use of routine tomography during excretory urography in our experience has led to a significant improvement in urographic diagnosis. Tomography has provided more diagnostic studies, it also has demonstrated tumors which would have remained undetected with the use of conventional urography alone. This applies particularly to small hypernephromas of stage A, which should be considered as curable.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1977

["Prophylactic" calcium administration in excretory urography in infants (author's transl)].

The technical approach to excretory urography in the first year of life - especially in small babies - is described. Rare incidents and the clinical toleration are discussed. More than 50% of babies had dyspeptic disturbances following excretory urography. In a previous investigation considerable metabolic changes were found immediately after injection of the contrast medium. Reduction of the calcium blood level seems to be most important. Occasionally convulsions may be induced. 3 ccm/kg body weight of a methylglucaminate is used generally with good toleration (Urovist-Schering). In this investigation 10 babies received 3 ccm Calcium-Sandoz just before the injection of the contrast medium. This prevented hypocalcemia but other electrolytes, for instance potassium had a similar blood level trop as in the control group. Potassium-magnesium-aspartat remained ineffective. Prevention of incidents in babies were reviewed. One possibility could be premedication of calciu. Addition of electrolyte solution (an industrial product) to the contrast medium in children under the age of one year seems to give further improvement. More investigations are necessary.

Calcium↗

PubMed1997

MR urography.

Developments of MR imaging of static fluid has led to the emergence of MR urography (MRU) as a potential imaging technique of the urinary system. MRU has been shown to be highly sensitive in the diagnosis of urinary obstruction, defining the severity of dilatation, the site, and in the majority of cases, the cause of obstruction. At the current level of resolution, however, MR cannot consistently demonstrate nonobstructive or small obstructing calculi. Demonstration of perinephric and periuretic edema in obstruction helps in the differentiation of acute from nonacute urinary obstruction. MRU has shown potential in the work-up of urinary disease for which intravenous urography used to be performed, without the hazards of intravenous contrast administration.

Humans↗

PubMed1998

Long-term followup of a bladder carcinoma cohort: routine followup urography is not necessary.

PURPOSE: We evaluate whether routine excretory urography is needed in the long-term followup of patients with bladder carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 680 patients with an initial diagnosis of bladder carcinoma from 1987 to 1988 in western Sweden were prospectively registered and followed for at least 5 years. All carcinomas of the kidney, renal pelvis and ureter, and all surgically treated cases of ureteral stricture were registered. RESULTS: During followup renal pelvic or ureteral carcinoma developed in 16 patients, renal cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 2 and 6 underwent surgery for benign obstruction of the distal ureter. CONCLUSIONS: The low annual incidence of malignant upper urinary tract and renal tumors as well as ureteral strictures supports our opinion that routine imaging of the upper urinary tract is not indicated during followup of patients with bladder carcinoma. We recommend urography at initial diagnosis of bladder carcinoma, when tumor progression occurs and when symptoms or signs raise suspicion of upper urinary tract disease.

Aged↗

PubMed1976

Urography during pregnancy.

A review of 22,971 pregnancies from 1969-74 reveals that the reasons for requesting excretory urography were renal colic of pregnancy 11, pyelonephritis 8, renal contusion 2, threatened abortion 1, and suspected degeneration of fibroid 1. The final diagnoses were similar except that two patients with torsion of ovarian cysts and a renal calculus were discovered. The only intravenous pyelographic examination that was decisive for diagnosis was in a patient with a ureteric calculus. Careful clinical correlation should reduce excretory urography during pregnancy.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

MR urography: the future gold standard in paediatric urogenital imaging?

BACKGROUND: Examination of the paediatric urogenital tract is traditionally performed using methods that utilise ionising radiation, such as intravenous urography (IVU), computerised tomography (CT), voiding cystourethrography (VCU), and scintigraphy, in addition to ultrasound (US). OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential and effectiveness of MR urography (MRU) in infants and children. Materials and methods. 44 MRU examinations were prospectively performed in 39 patients (21 infants, mean age 3.5 months, and 18 children, mean age 6 years 2 months) with known or suspected pathology of the urinary tract. Non-enhanced, fast spin-echo sequences (TSE) were performed in all patients. In 70 % of the patients a contrast-enhanced, fast gradient-echo sequence (TFE) was included. The dynamic sequence was prolonged and supplemented with furosemide provocation in some patients with suspected urinary-tract obstruction. RESULTS: Nine percent of examinations were non-diagnostic or interrupted due to movement. MRU contributed additional information in 66 %. Nine patients with suspected urinary-tract obstruction were examined with both contrast-enhanced MRU and scintigraphy. Three MRU examinations were less informative and one equal to scintigraphy when obstruction was the diagnosis. When using a technique with a prolonged dynamic sequence, including frusemide provocation, four MRU examinations were equal and one was superior to scintigraphy. CONCLUSIONS: MRU has the potential to replace traditional diagnostic methods which use ionising radiation in paediatric patients. Further studies are needed before definite conclusions can be drawn.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

MR urography of obstructive uropathy: diagnostic value of the method in selected clinical groups.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of MR urography (MRU) in the diagnosis of obstructive uropathy in selected groups of patients. The groups involved following pathologies: calculi; strictures of ureteropelvic junction (UPJ); benign and malignancy-induced ureterostenosis. Sixty patients with clinical diagnosis of obstructive uropathy were subjected to static fluid MRU (sMRU) with the use of 3D turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence in a 0.5-T magnet. The examination was completed with conventional MR sequences and in 12 cases additionally with sequences after the administration of Gd-DTPA and excretory MRU. The results were compared with intravenous urography (IVU), CT, US, clinical and histopathological data. The degree of the urinary tract dilatation as well as the level and type of obstruction were estimated. In patients with urolithiasis sMRU correctly depicted the degree of ureterohydronephrosis in 85%, in cases of UPJ stenosis and malignancy-induced ureterostenosis in 100% and in the group of benign ureterostenosis in 91% of patients. Determination of obstruction level in patients with stones was adequate in 92% and in cases of non-calculous ureteral strictures in 100% of patients. The sMRU sequence alone could not specify the nature of obstruction except 1 case of bladder carcinoma. Filling defects in ureters visible on MR urograms were verified with IVU or CT to exclude intrinsic tumours. Completed with conventional MR sequences sMRU enabled the depiction of solid mass or infiltration in 83% cases of malignancy-induced ureterostenosis, and in the remaining groups of patients neoplastic process was excluded in 91%. In conjunction with excretory MRU and conventional MR images sMRU appears to be a highly useful technique in assessment of obstructive uropathy, especially that of non-calculous origin. Among different clinical applications MRU is superior in the evaluation of dilated urinary tract in altered anatomical conditions (e.g. in patients with ileal neobladder).

Contrast Media↗

PubMed2006

Multi-detector row CT urography on a 16-row CT scanner in the evaluation of urothelial tumors.

The purpose of this study was to assess the role of multi-detector row CT urography (MDCTU), on a 16-row CT scanner in the evaluation of patients with painless hematuria, with emphasis placed in the detection of urothelial tumors. We retrospectively reviewed the MDCT urographies of 75 patients, referred for painless hematuria. The CT protocol included unenhanced images, obtained with a detector configuration of 16x1.5 mm and pitch of 1.2, nephrographic and excretory-phase images, obtained with a detector collimation of 16x0.75 mm and pitch of 1.2. Axial and coronal reformatted images were evaluated. Three-dimensional reformation of the excretory-phase images was performed using the volume-rendering technique. The standard of reference included clinical and imaging follow-up, cystoscopic, surgical and histologic findings. In 55 (73%) of 75 patients, the cause of hematuria was identified on MDCTU; the most common cause was urothelial cancer, including seven tumors with a diameter equal or smaller than 0.5 cm in diameter. Sixteen-row MDCTU provided satisfactory results in the investigation of patients with painless hematuria. The main advantage of the technique is its ability to detect uroepithelial malignancies.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Iohexol in patients undergoing urography: a comparison of polypropylene containers (Unique Soft Pack) and glass vials.

The purpose of the present phase IV multicentre trial was to evaluate general patient tolerance to Omnipaque 350 mgI/ml (iohexol) supplied in polypropylene containers compared to that of the same product supplied in routinely used glass vials, with emphasis on allergy-like adverse events. Polypropylene is a pure plastic material with practically no additives, and has been tested in vitro as a contrast medium packaging material for several years. Handling of these containers is easier and safer than handling of glass vials. Iohexol was administered to 1481 patients undergoing urography (741 patients in the glass vial group, 740 in the polypropylene container group), all of whom successfully participated in the trial. Six centres, representing four European countries, participated. Patients were randomized to receive iohexol from either polypropylene containers or traditional glass vials according to a double blind, parallel design. Pre-established inclusion and pre-admission exclusion criteria were followed, as well as routine procedures for preparation of the patients and conduct of the urography examinations at each hospital. Patient tolerance was assessed by recording all adverse events experienced over a period of up to 1 h after the procedure. Allergy-like events were defined as coughing, sneezing, nausea, vomiting, urticaria or itching. No adverse events were experienced by 56.5% of the patients in the glass vial group, nor by 58.0% of those in the polypropylene group. Discomfort (mainly a sensation of warmth) was reported by 39.4% and 38.6% of the patients, and adverse events other than discomfort by 7.4% and 5.9% of the patients, respectively. There seemed to be a correlation between the speed of injection and the frequency of discomfort (an increase with increasing speed), both of which varied a lot between centres. There was no significant difference in the incidence of allergy-like events between the two groups. Such reactions were seen in 2.0% of patients in the glass vial group and 1.9% of those in the polypropylene container group. There was no significant difference between the patients' tolerance to iohexol supplied in traditional glass vials or in polypropylene containers. Therefore, the new polypropylene container can be recommended as a container for Iohexol.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

The influence of emergency urography and haematuria on the diagnosis of ureteric colic.

The literature concerning the investigation of ureteric colic is reviewed. I have compared previous papers with the results of a prospective study of 50 patients who underwent emergency urography and testing for haematuria. Haematuria was present in 88% of all patients and in 97% of those with proven ureteric colic. The high haematuria figure is thought to be due to patient selection. Thirty-four patients (68%) had abnormal urographic findings consistent with ureteric colic. Seven of these patients (20%) had no plain film abnormality and the contrast films therefore confirmed the diagnosis. Haematuria is a useful indication of ureteric colic. However, since ureteric obstruction occurs without haematuria, and a normal urogram may be associated with haematuria, emergency urography is essential to confirm ureteric colic. This should be performed soon after the onset of pain if maximal information is to be obtained, thereby avoiding unnecessary investigation.

Colic↗