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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

An un-dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia.

The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia is examined critically. Although the hypothesis is couched in chemical terms, the evidence is primarily pharmacologic. In addition, neuroleptic mechanisms do not fit a simple hyperdopaminergic formulation, and treatment efficacy points to a general psychotic rather than specific schizophrenic role for dopamine. Most compromising to the hypothesis is the therapeutic action of L-dopa when combined with neuroleptics in chronic schizophrenics. Dopamine appears important but cannot be viewed as a simple pathogen.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1975

Treatment of infected un-united femoral shaft fractures.

Twenty patients treated for osteomyelitis following intramedullary fixation of fractures of the femoral shaft were assessed from the standpoint of antibiotics, internal fixation, drainage, sequestrectomy and external support. Analysis of intramedullary fixation in the form of Küntscher nailing with respect to the rate of union, duration of treatment and number of operative procedures, suggests that rigid intramedullary fixation is superior to plates and screws and plays an important role in development of union in the presence of infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Un-united fracture of the scaphoid.

The anterior approach as described by Matte and Russe for treatment of ununited fractures of the scaphoid was employed in 48 patients using autologous cortical cancellous pegs and chips. Operative intervention occurred in an average period of 14 months after fracture. The average time to radiological union was 3.5 months; the average follow-up was 2 years. Union occurred in 43 patients. The anterior approach is recommended because of its simplicity. Neither avascular necrosis nor a small proximal pole fragment are contraindications to the procedure.

Carpal Bones↗
PubMed1995

A randomized comparison of the effect of four antihypertensive monotherapies on the subjective quality of life in previously untreated asymptomatic patients: field trial in general practice. The OCAPI Study Group. Optimiser le Choix d'un Anti-hypertenseur de Première Intention.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the equivalence of four antihypertensive treatments in patients with mild-to- moderate hypertension, and to compare the effects of those drugs on the subjective quality of life and clinical safety. DESIGN, SETTING AND PATIENTS: 653 patients aged > or = 18 years with untreated hypertension were randomly allocated to receive a combination of two diuretics (altizide and spironolactone), a beta-blocker (bisoprolol), a calcium antagonist (verapamil), or an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (enalapril). Follow-up lasted for 1 year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A composite outcome of the following measures was used to define success: attendance at the 12-month visit; at least nine supine DBP measurements during the study; and median supine DBP < 90 mmHg and a reduction of at least 10 mmHg compared with the baseline value. Failure was defined as one or more of those criteria not being fulfilled. Equivalence was concluded if the 95% confidence interval for the success rates differed between two groups by less than +/- 10%. Clinical safety and subjective quality of life were also assessed. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences in the change in DBP or systolic blood pressure were observed between the groups. The success rates were 43.9, 42.0, 32.5 and 43.9% in diuretic, beta-blocker, calcium antagonist and ACE inhibitor groups, respectively. Equivalence between the treatments could not be concluded, although analysis with a larger equivalence interval showed that some comparisons indicated equivalence. Significant improvement in satisfaction was observed for certain items for subjective quality of life at 1 month in the calcium antagonist treatment group, and significant differences in the responses to the clinical safety questionnaire were observed after 1-month follow-up in calcium antagonist and beta-blocker groups. Differences were no longer significant after 9 months. CONCLUSIONS: These results do not provide evidence on the basis of efficacy of blood pressure lowering or ability to increase short-term (1-year) safety and quality of life favouring any particular treatment among the studied drugs for newly diagnosed patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Hydraulic permeability of (un)bounded fibrous media using the lattice boltzmann method

Several articles have been written regarding the hydraulic permeability of ordered and disordered fibrous media. Here, we explore wall effects on hydraulic permeabilities for ordered and disordered media using the lattice Boltzmann (LB) simulation method. Simulation results are found to be in excellent agreement with the semi analytic result of Sangani and Acrivos, and simulation results for disordered media are in good agreement with the results of Jackson and James and Higdon and Ford's fcc lattice. The macroscopic behavior, the hydraulic permeability, shows a distinct connection with the geometry of the system. This connection is explored and elucidated for ordered and disordered media. Finally, hydraulic permeabilities for bounded media at various wall separations are presented for both ordered and disordered media and results are compared with hydraulic permeabilities calculated for the unbounded media, and a phenomenological correlation is presented to facilitate rapid prediction of hydraulic permeabilities for both unbounded and bounded fibrous media.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

(Un)usual effects of patch testing?

BACKGROUND: Little information is available concerning subjective complaints associated with patch testing. OBJECTIVES: To gather information about the frequency and the nature of such complaints, and to evaluate, if possible, whether the complaints were really caused by patch testing. PATIENTS/METHODS: Four hundred and thirty-three patients took part in a questionnaire study between December 1996 and October 1997. Complaints of itch and other subjective complaints, such as tiredness and feeling unwell, were recorded. RESULTS: From the total group of 433 patients, 379 patients (87%) recorded one or more complaints on day 0. By day 2 this number was 383 patients (88%), with a significant reduction to 326 patients (75%) by days 3-4. Most complaints concerned itch on the back, and to a lesser extent tiredness. Fifty-four patients (54 of 433; 12%) did not report itch or other subjective complaints on day 0; of this group, 36 patients (66%) developed complaints by day 2. By days 3-4, 24 patients (44%) reported complaints: 20 patients from the day 2 group (37%) and four patients (7%) from days 3-4. Again the largest increase in complaints was found for itch on the back, but other complaints were also found to have increased, mainly tiredness, feeling unwell, headache, shakiness and light-headedness. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that patch testing can, in addition to local skin reaction and itch, also cause other subjective complaints in a number of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Strengthening the case for disease management effectiveness: un-hiding the hidden bias.

As is the case with most health care program evaluations, disease management (DM) programs typically follow an observational study design, indicating that randomization to treatment or control was not performed. The foremost limitation of observational studies, compared to randomized studies, is that the only biases that can be controlled for are those associated with observed variables. Hidden bias refers to all those unobserved covariates that may distort the conclusions of the study. This paper introduces a sensitivity analysis that is used to determine the magnitude of hidden bias necessary to alter the conclusion that a DM program intervention was indeed effective.

Bias↗