Uterine prolapse in dairy cows. A clinical study with special reference to incidence, recovery and subsequent fertility.
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A prolapsed uterus in a mare and the techniques to successfully replace the organ and prevent complications such as shock, laminitis and metritis are described.
Congenital bladder exstrophy affects 1 in 125,000 to 250,000 females. Consisting of absence of the anterior abdominal wall with exposure of the ureteral orifices, failure of pubic symphysis fusion, and deficient anterior pelvic diaphragm musculature, bladder exstrophy is frequently associated with genital prolapse. Pregnancy may be complicated by recurrent urinary tract infections, preterm labor, mild procidentia, and malpresentation. Due to the rarity of the condition, there is a corresponding scarcity of obstetric literature regarding management during pregnancy. We report the case of a young woman with surgically repaired bladder exstrophy who developed genital prolapse. The uterus was suspended using a sacral colpopexy utilizing a Gore-Tex graft. Subsequently, the patient became pregnant and delivered a healthy male infant at 35 weeks' gestation via cesarean section (without recurrence of the genital prolapse postpartum). Sacral colpopexy to correct genital prolapse associated with bladder exstrophy may preserve fertility in young patients.
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Between 1985 and 1987, 191 consecutive patients with a genital prolapse combined in 50% of the cases with urinary incontinence, underwent a vaginal repair with or without hysterectomy in the Ikazia hospital, Rotterdam. In a prospective study design, results and complications were assessed 4 and 12 months after the procedure. Mortality was 1%, morbidity was low; bladder or bowel injury did not occur. Vaginal prolapse recurred after 4 and 12 months in 4 and 6% of the patients, respectively. Of patients with involuntary loss of urine 31% still complained of incontinence 4 months after the operation; after one year this percentage was 49. Dyspareunia was a frequent complaint (41%), probably as a result of the posterior vaginal repair which was performed in all patients. We conclude that vaginal repair, with or without hysterectomy, allows successful treatment of genital prolapse, but is less satisfactory for the treatment of urinary incontinence, and a frequent cause of dyspareunia.
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the appendix occurred with symptoms limited only to a total uterovaginal prolapse. Preoperative intravenous pyelogram and pelvic ultrasonography demonstrated the presence of a large pelvic mass. Exploratory laparotomy revealed the mass to be appendiceal adenocarcinoma, which was treated with extirpation of all the visible tumor and repair of the anatomic defect.
The value of episiotomy in regard to the prevention of descensus vagina et uteri is examined in a statistically reliable number of patients (64 cases). Women who were delivered without episiotomy provided the control group (70 cases). In both groups factors promoting pelvic relaxation were taken into consideration. According to the results of this examination the importance of episiotomy as prophylaxis of pelvic relaxation does not justify any obligatory use.
The authors investigated pathohistological changes of uterus of 591 women over forty years that have been operated in the 1966-1974 period using the Mayo-Ward technic. In one third of all cases there were found pathological changes either on the endometrium (9,2%) or they were cases of myoma uteri (21,8%). Only once it was a case of cancer in situ and another time microinvasive cervical cancer. The authors have come to the conclusion that vaginal hysterectomy with plastic correction of the pelvic floor is the method of choice.
From the factors known to promote descensus those which may best be objectified--among them overweight, hard physical labour, weakness of the connective tissue and number of births--are examined in a group of women with descensus and a control group with regard to their valence for the development of a descensus. Log-linear models are applied in the calculation of qualitative variables. According to that, overweight means a fourfold, hard physical labour a threefold, weakness of the connective tissue a 2,7-fold and birth of more than one child a 2,2-fold risk of descensus.
Primary cancer of the vagina constitutes 1-2% of all malignant genital tract tumors in women. As one of the most complicated therapeutic problems in gynecological oncology, this disease had been deemed to be untreatable until the end of 1930s. Presently, as a result of technological improvements in radiotherapy and radical surgery, more favorable prognoses are known to be achieved even in advanced cases. In the present case, a woman with vaginal cancer and Stage IV massive uterovaginal prolapsus, which could not be repositioned under general anesthesia, was repositioned by surgical intervention prior to radiotherapy to avoid any potential vesicovaginal fistula formation. The cervix was bilaterally suspended to the pectineal ligaments by polypropylene mesh.
Surgical cure of recurrent prolapsus of the genital organs or after hysterectomy is not an easy to attain. Most authors use prosthetic to obtain a satisfactory anatomic and functional results which lasts. Since 1985, the tissue-reinforcement prosthesis GORE-TEX* was used in this type of situation for 50 patients. The operation remains simple, but certain technical details are of great importance. The material is solid and well tolerated. Results are good with long follow-up. One of the important points for a successful treatment is probably to treat directly and simultaneously all the lesions involved, recognizing that prolapsus of the genital organs is a continuous disease process.
30 female patients with the diagnosis of "uterus myomatosus" and a control group of also 30 women with the diagnosis "descensus uteri et vaginae" were examined by a standardized questionnaire containing socio-economic, anamnestic and psychological data. To get information about their personality the "Freiburger Persönlichkeitsinventar" (Freiburg Personality Inventory), half-form A, was administered at the end of the interview. The age limits were 35 and 55 years. The main socio-economic results are the following: during childhood and adolescence the myom-patients lived mainly near towns (p less than 0,01). The women of this group have better relationships to their husbands than the descensus-patients (p less than 0,01) and the husbands of the myom-patients are more often (p less than 0,01) of the same age or younger than their women. 18 out of the 30 women of the myom-group (i.e. more than 50%) said that their wish to become a mother has not been fulfilled while this answer was given by none of the 30 descensus-patients (p less than 0,01). The question is discussed in how far the uterus-myom can be understood as a somatic expression of the frustrated wish to get a child, as a "compensatory growth". Beside this, the authors are aware of the fact that other aspects, f.e. hormonal factors, may be important.
BACKGROUND: Carcinoma of the cervix and a prolapsed uterus are common diseases in underdeveloped countries, but their association is quite rare. CASE: We report here the clinical characteristics of two Brazilian patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix associated with a third-degree prolapsed uterus. The patients, respectively aged 69 and 73 years, were admitted with an ulcerated prolapsed uterus. Biopsy of the ulcerated cervical lesion confirmed epidermoid carcinoma. The patients underwent radical vaginal hysterectomy complemented with external irradiation. The first patient was lost to follow-up, whereas the second is alive, with no signs of disease, 2 years after surgery. CONCLUSION: When operable invasive cervical carcinoma is found in association with full prolapse, radical vaginal hysterectomy complemented with radiotherapy seems to be an adequate therapeutic option.
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