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PubMedDate not supplied

Patterns of care given migrant workers in Utah by private physicians and clinics.

This comparison of the care given migrant workers in Utah by private physicians with that provided by clinics demonstrates that clinics can provide more services and meet more of their needs. For a population group in need of an organization that can function specifically for them, the clinic offers many advantages. The clinic's role can also be expanded to become a focal point in the community for a comprehensive health care program for the disadvantaged. Although the cost of such a program may exceed the cost of traditional curative care from individual private physicians, the potential gains make it worth attempting. If long-term health is valued above short-term palliation, then the clinic would appear to be the best method of achieving this goal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Hospitals in Utah reduce costs, improve use of facilities.

A serious problem in rural areas is low occupancy for acute care hospital beds and a desperate need for additional long-term care beds. In Utah, this problem has been solved through the "swing bed" concept. Under this program, underutilized acute care beds can be used for long-term care patients. As a result, all beds are more fully utilized, and long-term care patients in rural areas do not have to be moved to cities.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Seroprevalence of canine parvovirus in wild coyotes from Texas, Utah, and Idaho (1972 to 1983).

The prevalence of serum antibodies against canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2), as measured by a standard hemagglutination-inhibition test, was determined in serum samples collected from 1,184 coyotes (Canis latrans) in Texas, Utah, and Idaho from 1972 to 1983. No evidence of parvoviral infection was found before 1979, after which seroprevalence rapidly increased to greater than 70% at all sites by 1982. There were minor differences in prevalence between age groups and among sites, but no consistent differences between sexes. The onset of CPV-2 seroprevalence in free-ranging coyotes coincided remarkably with the recognition of the clinical disease and seroprevalence in domestic dogs in the United States.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Three red cell sodium transport systems in hypertensive and normotensive Utah adults.

Sodium-lithium countertransport (SLC), sodium-potassium cotransport (CoT), and ouabain binding to sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na, K-ATPase) sites were measured on fresh erythrocytes from hypertensive and normotensive Utah subjects with and without a first-degree relative with hypertension. SLC was measured as Li+ efflux into NaCl and MgCl2 media from Li+-loaded cells (5-7 mM). CoT was measured by monitoring Na+ and K+ efflux from cells loaded to 20-30 mM Na+ and 20-30 mMK+. Ouabain binding was determined for fresh cells using 3H-ouabain. Subjects were selected from pedigrees that showed a prevalence of hypertension. SLC was significantly elevated in 26.5% of the hypertensive subjects (p less than 0.001) as well as in 12.8% of the normotensives with a hypertensive first-degree relative (p less than 0.05). Although elevated SLC and decreased CoT have previously been associated with hypertension, no hypertensive subject in this study exhibited both abnormalities. All subjects with elevated SLC had normal CoT. A positive correlation between SLC and CoT was observed. Few hypertensive subjects (11.8%) had decreased CoT. In the majority of subjects studied, both SLC and CoT were normal: hypertensives 61.8%, normotensives with a hypertensive first-degree relative 61.7%, and other normotensives 58.7%. The number of ouabain-binding sites was not significantly altered among hypertensives, or their relatives, even though there was a positive correlation between SLC and the number of ouabain-binding sites.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Giving and getting surgery in Utah: an urban-rural comparison.

Using the Blue Cross/Blue Shield and Medicare records for 1 year in Utah, we examined the pattern of surgical performance for 15 selected procedures. Only 60% of those identifying themselves as general surgeons had their specialty boards. General practitioners performed 24% of the procedures. Urban general practitioners performed proportionately more surgery than did their rural counterparts. There was no clear pattern of difference in fees or length of stay by specialty or board certification status. For most procedures studied, at least a third of the rural patients had their operations in urban hospitals. In only 3% of the cases did an urban physician operate in a rural hospital. The pattern of surgery for rural and urban residents was strikingly similar.

Certification↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thyroid screening in the newborn: Utah experience.

Since 1979, the State Department of Health Laboratory of Utah has screened 108,256 newborn infants for hypothyroidism. The incidence of diagnosed hypothyroid children during this period was 1 per 3,800 live births. Utilizing a normal range of serum thyroid hormone levels in newborn infants of 8.0 to 26.0 micrograms per dl, the incidence of normal infants initially considered hypothyroid was less than one percent. A review of our three years experience is presented.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Genetic distances between the Utah Mormons and related populations.

Gene frequency data, consisting of six red cell antigen loci, nine electrophoretic systems, and HLA-A and -B are reported for the Utah Mormon population. These are compared statistically to gene frequencies from at U.S. population, 13 European populations, and seven populations from three religious isolates. The Mormon gene frequencies are similar to those of their northern European ancestors. This is explained by the large founding size of the Mormon population and high rates of gene flow. In contrast, the religious isolates (Amish, Hutterites, and Mennonites) show marked divergence from their ancestral populations and each other, due to isolation and random genetic drift. The HLA loci and electrophoretic loci presented here yield sets of genetic distances that are highly correlated (r = .734) and that both correspond closely to the actual geographic distances among the European populations. The genetic distances based on red cell antigen loci correspond less closely to the geographic distances and exhibit lower correlations with both the HLA and electrophoretic loci (r = .524 and r = .565, respectively).

Alleles↗
PubMed1980

Effects of DDE, TDE, and PCBs on shell thickness of western grebe eggs, Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah--1973-74.

DDE, TDE, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as Aroclors 1260 and 1254 were detected in low concentrations in eggs of western grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) from Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah. DDE was the only contaminant which was both negatively correlated with eggshell thickness and a significant variable in a multiple regression model for predicting eggshell thickness. The eggshell thickness index for western grebe decreased 2.3 percent from pre- to post-DDT-use periods. Incubation stage appeared to have no measurable correlation with eggshell thickness. The small amount of eggshell thinning seen in western grebe eggs at Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge appeared to have no detectable effect on reproduction.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Cancer risk factors: an analysis of Utah Mormons and non-Mormons.

In a comparison of Mormons and non-Mormons in Utah, more Mormon men and women married spouses of the same faith, were religiously active, were of Northern Europe ancestry, lived in rural areas, had fewer exposures to occupational hazards, were less likely to smoke cigarettes or drink coffee, tea, and alcohol, used fats in cooking, and were more often married that was the cohort of other religions. No differences existed in occupation, but Mormon men had completed more years of schooling. Mormon women were less likely to be college graduates, had fewer sexual partners, had more pregnancies, were older at first pregnancy, were less likely to use birth control pills, had fewer miscarriages and hysterectomies, examined their breasts more often, and had more breast X-rays. For women, there was only a small difference by religion for age at first intercourse and no difference for age at which they began using birth control pills. Religious activity was examined for Mormons, and in most instances inactive Mormons were more like the non-Mormon population in respect to the variables measured.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Cancer in Utah: risk by religion and place of residence.

We compared cancer incidence during 1967--75 between Mormons and non-Mormons living in urban and rural areas of Utah. The non-Mormon urban men had a 34% higher risk of cancer compared with their rural counterparts. Most of this increase in risk occurred in sites associated with tobacco and for cancers of the stomach, colon, and prostate gland. Urban Mormon males had no significant increase in risk. The urban female population was at higher risk than was the rural regardless of religion. The increase was not as striking as that observed in non-Mormon men (8 vs. 34%); cancers of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts and female genitalia contributed to the elevated risk. We concluded that personal habits such as smoking and drinking and reproductive factors were possible explanations for the previously observed urban-rural gradients in cancer risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Control of turkey Alcaligenes rhinotracheitis in Utah with a live vaccine.

During the 1980 growing season in the Sanpete Valley of Utah, about half of the 250 to 300 flocks of turkeys were vaccinated with an oral vaccine against alcaligenes rhinotracheitis (ART). The vaccine consisted of a temperature-sensitive mutant of Alcaligenes faecalis. Most vaccinated birds developed serum antibodies. No outbreaks of ART occurred in vaccinated flocks, although some outbreaks occurred in unvaccinated flocks. During 1979, when on flocks were vaccinated, over 90% of the flocks experienced outbreaks of ART during late summer.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMed1994

The Utah education network: a collaborative model.

High-speed data communications networks are transforming the operations, services, and roles of libraries. While the installation of the physical network is often the focus of activity, the administrative and political issues are, in fact, fundamental. For libraries to participate in and influence the development of networks, building new partnerships has proven to be an effective strategy. This paper describes the use of this strategy in the development of the Utah Education Network. This participation is essential if libraries are to take full advantage of the technologies and to ensure that networks reflect the fundamental values of the profession.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1994

Genetic structure of the Utah Mormons: comparison of results based on RFLPs, blood groups, migration matrices, isonymy, and pedigrees.

The genetic structure of the Utah Mormon population is examined using 25 blood group and 47 RFLP alleles obtained from 442 subjects living in 8 geographic subdivisions. Nei's GST was 0.013 (p < 0.002) for the RFLP data and 0.012 (p > 0.4) for the blood group data, showing that only 1% of the genetic variance in this population can be attributed to subdivision effects. A comparison of intersubdivision distance matrices based on blood groups, RFLPs, migration matrices, isonymy, and pedigrees shows that genetic distances have relatively low and nonsignificant correlations with the other three types of data. However, the correlations based on RFLPs are considerably higher than those based on blood groups. Relationship matrices based on interindividual allele sharing were compared with known genealogical kinship coefficients between each pair of individuals. The correlation between the blood group and RFLP relationship matrices was small but marginally significant using the Mantel test (r = 0.014, p < 0.06). The RFLP relationship matrix correlated more highly with genealogical kinship than did the blood group relationship matrix (r = 0.023, p < 0.0001 and r = 0.012, p < 0.001, respectively). These correlations increased by approximately one order of magnitude when pairs of subjects having zero kinship coefficients were excluded. These results show that genetic distances derived from RFLPs correlate more strongly with other types of kinship than do distances based on blood groups. This probably reflects the fact that RFLPs are more neutral, have frequencies that are more accurately estimated, and contain more information about DNA sequence variation.

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed1994

Graduate program in medical informatics at the University of Utah.

The graduate student program in medical informatics at the University of Utah described in this paper comprises a Master of Science degree (since 1976) and a Ph.D. degree (since 1962). The average program length is 2 years for M.Sc. and 3-5 years for Ph.D. The aims of the program are to prepare graduates for careers in medical informatics in academic, hospital or industrial settings. There are several different courses of study, or tracks, within the department ranging from Expert Systems, Genetic Epidemiology, Health Care Quality, Hospital Information Systems, Medical Imaging, Medical Physics, to an intensive one-year M.Sc. degree course for physicians. After the first three quarters the students are required to take a qualifying examination in which they qualify for a Masters or Ph.D. degree. The program covers the total spectrum of medical informatics. About 10 students are admitted each year. There are 14 full-time faculty and 9 adjunct faculty. The total number of graduates is 151.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1994

Familiality of cancer in Utah.

The Utah Population Database allows examination of the genetic relationships among the 35.7% of all cancer cases in the state that have genealogical records. Familial clustering of cancer is measured by the Genealogical Index of Familiality and is examined by site, and within site by age of onset, histology, and gender. Most cancer sites examined show excess familiality for all cases considered together. Subsets of individuals with certain characteristics showed unusually high levels of familial clustering, specifically lymphocytic leukemias and especially chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lobular breast cancer, early lip cancer, early melanoma, and female lung cancers of alveolar/adenoma histology. These may represent characteristics of the most penetrant forms of inherited susceptibilities, those which are enhanced by environmental factors, chance aggregations, rare inherited syndromes, or a combination of these factors.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Helminth parasites of the American avocet Recurvirostra americana (Aves), from the Salt Lake basin, Utah.

Five species of cestodes and 1 species of trematode, for a total of 4,770 (chi- =79.5) helminths, were obtained from 60 American avocets, Recurvirostra americana, collected from July to September 1985 and 1986 in the Salt Lake basin, Utah. The most prevalent parasite was the cestode Diplophallus coili (95%). It occurred in mature pairs 90% of the time. All species of helminths showed a contagious distribution except for mature D. coili, which had a uniform distribution. This uniform distribution, which is unusual for species of helminths, has been observed for at least 4 species of large tapeworms in the recurvirostrids. The helminth community consisted of 3 specialists, 1 generalist, and 2 of uncertain status. The same specialists have been reported also in R. americana from Texas, Colorado, and Manitoba, Canada.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Chromosome 17q linkage studies of 18 Utah breast cancer kindreds.

In this paper we present linkage results from the analysis of 18 Utah breast cancer kindreds, for three 17q markers. Four kindreds had LOD scores greater than 1.0 for at least one of the marker loci. One of these kindreds has a LOD score of 6.07 with D17S579, and we believe it to be the most informative 17q family reported to date. Among the kindreds which appear unlinked to 17q were an early-onset breast cancer family, a large breast-ovarian family, and a kindred with mixed age at onset. Analysis of individual recombinants in the linked families localizes the BRCA1 gene between THRA1 and D17S579 (Mfd188). A comparison of the Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study (CASH) model and a model which assumes a rare dominant susceptibility locus with low penetrance and no phenocopies stresses the difficulties in assessing linkage if the assumptions of the CASH model in terms of age at onset of breast cancer are not appropriate for the BRCA1 locus. A hypothetical breast cancer pedigree is used to calculate gene carrier probabilities under the CASH model, thereby illustrating some of our concerns regarding the use of this model to detect and exclude 17q linkage in breast cancer families.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Homeless families and their children's health problems. A Utah urban experience.

Descriptive information was obtained about homeless families in the Intermountain West and their children's health care needs were defined to help professionals develop programs tailored to meet the unique needs of this population. We collected data during the well-child visits of 306 children in 161 families living at the Travelers Aid Society family shelter. The results reveal 2 types of homeless families, episodic and long term. Each requires different levels of assistance. This study's profile of mobile, predominantly white, 2-parent families with few children (mean of 1.2) differs considerably from that of studies conducted on the East and West coasts. The families' nomadic life-style (73.1% came from 32 states other than Utah) present important public health issues, especially because of the recent resurgence of tuberculosis and declining levels of childhood immunizations. The children's health problems were similar to those reported nationally: delayed immunizations, dental decay, anemia, and impaired vision.

Adolescent↗