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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources

Evolving concepts of reflux: the ups and downs of the LES.

The common denominator for virtually all episodes of gastroesophageal reflux in health and disease is the loss of the barrier that confines the gastric environment to the stomach. Factors important in the function of the barrier are its pressure, length and position. In early reflux disease, overeating, gastric distention, delayed emptying and aerophagia lead to transient losses of the barrier. A permanent loss results from inflammatory injury to the muscle of the barrier with free flow of gastric juice into the esophageal body and its subsequent injury. Corrective therapy requires augmentation or restoration of barrier function.

Esophageal Diseases↗

Ups and downs of aging studies in vitro: the crooked path of science.

Different approaches using cell culture techniques to study the biology of aging are critically described. Most of the studies concerned the relationship between cell division potential and aging. The growth potential of cells is fundamental for aging of the organism, since it relates to phenomena such as the regeneration of tissues, wound healing, the immune response, and stem cell renewal. Unfortunately many experiments were misinterpreted disregarding the physiology of the mammalian organism. The terminal postmitotic cell, on which most research has been concentrated, seems irrelevant for aging of the organism. Nevertheless, some experiments yielded important contributions to the understanding of the biology of cell division. Future research should ascertain such interesting suggestions as the terminal differentiation hypothesis of the human fibroblast life cycle. It is important to elucidate the significance of the increased number of postmitotic cells in pathological processes. A neglected area should be further explored: the relationships between structural modifications of the cell, decreased probability of activating energy barriers, and decline of the division potential.

Aging↗

A randomized clinical trial of inpatient family intervention, III: Effects at 6-month and 18-month follow-ups.

This paper focuses on the follow-up results of a randomized clinical trial of inpatient family intervention (IFI) that emphasized psychoeducation. Results for the sample of 169 psychiatric patients suggested that adding family treatment to standard hospital treatment was effective; however, the statistical interactions indicated that this therapeutic effect was restricted to female patients with schizophrenia or major affective disorder. The effect of family treatment on male patients with these diagnoses was minimal or slightly negative. In a group of patients with other diagnoses, the Treatment by Sex effect was reversed: male patients did better with the family treatment.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗