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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Change in the hospital setting: adopting a team approach for nonorganic failure-to-thrive.

The change process is described for the adoption of a multidisciplinary team approach to nonorganic failure-to-thrive (NOFTT) management at a pediatric care facility. A member of the nursing staff acted as a change agent. The need for change was documented with medical record audits. A team was developed and a management protocol derived from an external evaluation of successful programs described in the literature. Preliminary outcomes of the project are reported. Box 1 at the end of this article contains criteria for NOFTT diagnosis and an outline of the team's protocol.

Child↗
PubMed1994

[New decision making therapy in foster, adoptive and institutionalized children with failed outcome].

A specific group of children, adolescents and young adults with failure syndromes and courses of failure is described and a report is made on the new decision-making therapy, which has been modified for young patients. This is described from its transaction-analytical background as well as in its practical implementation in the in-patient department of a clinic for child and adolescent psychiatry. Here it is not a matter of a single method of therapy but of a therapy direction. The objective of this is to help the young person to review its earlier decisions that were made in connection with relationships in the sense of one's own prohibition of admission, these being the main cause for failure, and to code to a new decision of wanting to have successful relationships in the future. In its implementation different psychotherapeutical processes are applied according to the individual process situation. The new decision-making therapy can be considered to be completed when the typical failure syndrome symptoms have disappeared and the young person begins to open itself towards development-promoting help and to enter into relationships.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

A transactional perspective on critical thinking.

The quality of thinking has received much attention within the last decade. The scientific inquiry models introduced by Dewey, Dressel and Mayhew, and Watson-Glaser have been expanded to incorporate such aspects as reflection, development, attitude, skill, and knowledge domain. Dichotomies between critical and creative thinking have been eased. While this scholarship on thinking has been impressive, current pedagogy remains focused on scientific inquiry and on received knowledge. In nursing the learning paradigm has been similarly focused for the past 3 decades on a scientific inquiry model and received knowledge. The major cognitive approach to education and practice has been the nursing process, a linear problem-solving paradigm equivalent to the scientific method. This linear approach does not fully account for how nurses think and make judgments in clinical practice. The Transactional Model of Critical Thinking presented in this paper addresses the complexity of critical thinking in nursing. The model provides an educative and novel vision of thinking based on a transactional view of the individual, personal attributes, and the environment. Components and elements of the model are described and suggestions made for teaching-learning and for evaluation of critical thinking in nursing.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Study of the relation between transformational leadership of the head nurse and supplementary efforts of nursing personnel].

The present study proposes to show that the ethos of the Head Nursing staff is related to the practice of transformational leadership, and to additional efforts displayed by the treatment staff. Using a sampling of 57 nurses, it was established that transformational leadership presented a positive influence on additional efforts which were superior to that produced by transactional leadership. Contrary to transactional leadership, transformational leadership was shown to exert a positive effect on the ethos of the leader who in turn, had a positive influence on the extra care supplied by the nursing staff.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Toward a general concept of the therapeutic process.

Using clinical psychoanalytic theory as a unifying concept, an attempt is made to observe, interpret, and integrate the therapeutic process in a wide variety of psychotherapies. All psychotherapy, regardless of specific form or technique, is viewed as an interpersonal or intrapersonal process, and should be understandable from a psychoanalytic perspective. Ten common factors are selected: structure of the therapeutic situation; the therapeutic relationship; management of anxiety; drives and their derivatives; mechanisms of defense; identification; regression; catharsis and abbreaction; external reinforcement; structural change. The various psychotherapies are compared regarding each of the ten factors.

Abreaction↗
PubMed1998

Suicide across the life span: pathways to prevention.

As reflected in a recent series of highly visible suicide awareness and prevention activities, the call for a comprehensive suicide prevention strategy has never been stronger, nor more unified. Using the framework provided by the transactional model of human development, the author illustrates the central implications that a developmental perspective has for suicide prevention, emphasizing the need to consider multiple pathways to prevention, to place renewed emphasis on prevention strategies that have their impact earlier in the life course and earlier in the course of mental disorder, and to collaborate with prevention specialists and advocates in related fields.

Comorbidity↗
PubMed2003

Transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles: a meta-analysis comparing women and men.

A meta-analysis of 45 studies of transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles found that female leaders were more transformational than male leaders and also engaged in more of the contingent reward behaviors that are a component of transactional leadership. Male leaders were generally more likely to manifest the other aspects of transactional leadership (active and passive management by exception) and laissez-faire leadership. Although these differences between male and female leaders were small, the implications of these findings are encouraging for female leadership because other research has established that all of the aspects of leadership style on which women exceeded men relate positively to leaders' effectiveness whereas all of the aspects on which men exceeded women have negative or null relations to effectiveness.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1997

Transaction costs economics as a conceptual framework for the analysis of barriers to the diffusion of telemedicine.

Telemedecine has been talked about for more than 20 years, without it entering daily use with any success. Based on transaction costs economics, the present analysis of the exchange relationships between health care producers highlights certain characteristics of the current technical and legislative context, which leads to transaction costs. It also demonstrates that the introduction of telemedicine shifts the costs associated with agents' opportunism from patients to health-care producers themselves. All these costs may be considered nowadays to thwart the use of telemedicine. It is argued here that the Public Authorities and professionals of health care could act upon telemedicine in two fields: (1) intervention in the institutional environment aims notably at better defining the property rights of telemedicine, and so constitutes an unavoidable means of encouraging health-care producers to invest in new technology; and (2) implementation of organisational forms and mechanisms susceptible to regulating such telemedical relationships between health care producers-given the present institutional environment-constitutes an essential means for overcoming the immediate barriers blocking the diffusion of telemedicine.

Communication Barriers↗