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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Survey on nutrition of infants in the Tokyo metropolitan area. 1. Carious dentitions, anomalies of occlusion and ways of eating].

In September, 1987, a survey on the nutrition of infants was conducted with 1,235 children from 3 to 6 years of age selected from six nurseries and six kindergartens in the metropolis of Tokyo. We compared the survey results with other similar survey reports with respect to three areas; 1, caries attack on primary teeth, 2, anomalies of dentition and occlusion and 3, how foods are eaten, to observe the difference by age and also between children in nurseries and in kindergartens. The following are the results of this comparative investigation. 1) The ratio of caries attacks on the 4-year-old in this survey was 69.6%, which was lower than the 83.4% of the nationwide survey of 1987 conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, while the average value of the df index per person was 4.7, which was lower than the 6.1 of 1981. 2) The caries incidence rate was higher with children in kindergarten than those in nurseries and many kindergarten children had had more than one caries attack. 3) The frequency rate of anomalies of dentition and occlusion in the entire survey sample was 12.9% for deep overbite, 11.4% for open bite and 10.7% for edge-to-edge bite. 4) In the survey of how foods were eaten, the question, "Does your child like to eat things that are hard to bite on?" was asked, and 10.4% of the group answered "My child prefers eating soft food," which was quite high. To the question, "Does your child often eat things that are difficult to eat?", 17.1% of the entire group answered, "My child refuses to." This tendency was greater among the children in kindergaretens.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

The psychology and actions of rapists interned in the Kawagoe Juvenile Prison compared with rapists in Tokyo.

The study of the psychology of rapists reveals information which could facilitate the re-orientation of juvenile offenders in prison. The subjects of this study were sixty criminals incarcerated as rapists in the Kawagoe Juvenile Prison at the end of 1985. Questionnaires and various psychological tests (including the Rozenweig Picture--Frustration method) were used to examine their state of mind. Information concerning 173 rape cases referred to the section of Criminal Identification in 1985 was obtained from the Tokyo Metropolitan Police and used for comparison.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Natural history of aortic and coronary atherosclerosis in Tokyo.

The natural history of atherosclerosis in Tokyo was explored in 1,206 unselected consecutive hospital and forensic medicine autopsies performed on deceased persons of both sexes aged 0 to 89 yr. The extent of intimal atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and coronary arteries was estimated visually after staining with Sudan IV and recorded as the percentage of intima with fatty streaks (FS) and raised lesions (RL). The extent of atherosclerosis by sex and age was compared in two sources of subjects and various broad disease categories associated with the terminal event causing death. Comparisons of hospital cases with forensic medicine cases, by sex, over five arterial segments and nine 10-yr age groups, did not show significant differences in the extent of atherosclerosis between the two sources of cases. However, RL at all age groups over 40 yr in general showed a tendency to be slightly more extensive in the hospital cases. As is commonly reported for certain other population groups, our results showed more extensive atherosclerosis in Japanese men than in Japanese women. The comparisons of the extent of atherosclerosis among five broad disease categories causing death--coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), cases with evidence of both CHD and CVD (OVL), cases with CHD-related diseases such as diabetes and hypertension (CHD-rel), and all other diseases, accidents, homicides, and suicides (Basal)--showed more extensive atherosclerosis among CHD and OVL cases when compared with the basal group as control reference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Secular change in the seasonal distribution of menarche in Tokyo].

Secular change in the seasonal distribution of menarche was studied in Tokyo on 17545 females born during 1881 - 1963. The distribution in those born before 1890 showed peak (March-May) and a wide trough during July-October. Occurrences of menarche came to concentrate in April and August after 1890, and also in January after 1950. The distributional pattern has much changed by the period of birth year.

Female↗
PubMed1995

[Incidence of uveitis at Tokyo Medical College Hospital].

We reviewed the records of 980 patients with endogenous uveitis who were followed in the uveitis clinic of the Tokyo Medical College Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology. A group of 693 patients examined within a 5-year period from January, 1989 through December, 1993 (Group A) were compared to an earlier group of 287 patients examined within a 3-year period from January, 1982 through December, 1984 (Group B). The incidence of Behçet's disease, intermediate uveitis, and toxoplasmosis showed an apparent decrease. In contrast, the incidence of sarcoidosis and acute anterior uveitis increased. In comparison to Group B, Group A showed an increased number of patients with virus-associated uveitis, toxocariasis, and uveitis caused by fungal infection. The changes observed in the prevalence of certain uveitic diseases in the patient population we followed may be related to changing environment and/or life style, in addition to various advances in diagnostic testing. In the future, the classification of uveitis will become more varied according to the establishment of new concepts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[A comparison of preventive health behaviors among middle-aged males in different types of communities in Tokyo].

Preventive health behaviors of middle-aged men living in areas of Tokyo with differing mortality rates were analyzed to determine if regional differences exist and if so why. Information on seven different health behaviors (cigarette smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, food intake pattern, taking breakfast, hours of sleep, and relative weight) were obtained by a survey among the sample randomly selected from men 35 to 64 years of age living in two separate communities, Koto-Ward with a high middle-aged male mortality and Bunkyo-Ward where it is low. The following results were obtained; 1) In Koto-Ward where middle-aged male mortality is high, the proportion of interviewees who participated physical activity more than once a week and had good food intake patterns was significantly lower than in Bunkyo-Ward. 2) Regional differences in both physical activity and food intake pattern appear to be due to differences in proportion of higher educational attainment which is associated with more frequent participation in physical activity and better food intake patterns.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Local characteristic of allergic diseases: adult asthma in the central area of Tokyo].

In order to know the characteristic of urban asthma, were analyzed patient records in our clinic located in the central area of Tokyo. Eighty four adult patients who were living in walking distance with asthma started in this area, visited our clinic in October 1991. Among them 57 (68%) were atopic type. 13 (15%) mixed type, and 14 (17%) infectious type. Even among 25 patients with late onset asthma over 40 year of age, there were 8 atopic type and 5 mixed type, and 11 were positive against house dust by RAST and/or skin test. Atopic type seems to be unusually frequent in urban asthma. It reminds us of the fact that Japanese cedar pollinosis is more frequent in urban area than the mountain area with much more cedar trees. These might suggest important points to be studied, not only the adjuvant effect but also some accelerating effect for allergic diseases in the urban environment.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A social psychiatric study on foreign-born inpatients at Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa hospital].

The authors carried out a chart review study of 293 foreign-born patients who were admitted to Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital from January 1986 to December 1992. We divided the subjects into three groups according to their living status in Japan, Immigrant group: 66 long-term residents, Resident group: 188 short-term residents with purposes of work or study, and Visitor group: 39 temporary visitors for sightseeing or business. The subjects came from 43 countries in the world, 70.3% (206/293) of whom were those from Asian countries. The subjects grew in number every year and the noticeable feature was a drastic increase in the number of Resident group (e.g. 6 patients in 1986, 63 in 1992). The mean duration (SD) of hospitalization for Immigrant group was the longest among the groups (Immigrant group: 58.7 (55.0) days, Resident group: 31.9 (35.0) days, Visitor group: 19.0 (16.3) days). The frequent diagnoses at discharge based on ICD-9, were schizophrenia (59.7%) and reactive psychosis (19.1%). The significantly larger proportion of Visitor group had previous psychiatric histories in their homeland than other groups (Visitor group: 56.4%, Immigrant group: 24.2%, Resident group: 23.9%). 70.0% (205/293) of the subjects could not use Japanese in usual settings and the number of them had been increasing every year. This communication difficulty had caused serious inconvenience in the treatment. All of Visitor group, and 71.8% (135/188) of Resident group could not receive social securities, and there were difficulties for them to raise money for their medical treatment and living expenses. 92.3% among Visitor group, 91.0% of Resident group and 21.2% of Immigrant group returned to their homeland after inpatient treatment. The result indicated that we must immediately establish the interpreter dispatch system for foreign-born patients and that of the social securities guaranteeing their medical care and living expenses.

Communication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The current situation and treatment strategy for gastric cancer at the National Cancer Center of Tokyo, Japan].

At the National Cancer Center of Tokyo Gastric Division, from 13/09/1993 to 12/11/93, 42 gastrectomies, 3 local resections and 1 exploratory laparotomy, for gastric cancer, were carried out. Resection R2 were carried out in 29/42 (69%), resection R2 plus dissection of the station 16 in 5/42 (12%), resection R3 plus dissection of the station 16 in 4/42 (9.5%) and distal pancreas preserving in 11/14 (78.6%) of the total gastrectomies. The most frequently type of reconstruction done after distal gastrectomy was Billroth 1 in 20/28 (71.4%) and the most frequent stage of the disease was la-b in 34/46 (74%). Postoperative severe complications were present in 5/42 (12%) and the most frequently histological type was tubular adenocarcinoma 27/46 (58.7%).

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Effectiveness of a programme to improve housing conditions for elderly requiring supportive care in Edogawa-ku, Tokyo].

The programme in Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, for improvement of housing conditions for the elderly requiring supportive care, is unique in Japan in that it offers unlimited amount of benefits regardless of income status of beneficiaries. Between October, 1990, when the programme started, to March, 1992, total of 447 people utilized the programme. These 18 months were divided into three periods for comparative analysis of characteristics of users, details of improvement in housing conditions and cost (amount of benefits). The proportion of bed-ridden cases decreased during the later periods, with a corresponding increase in those who had improvements made to entrances and approaches to their residence. However, average cost of changes in housing features decreased in the later periods because there was less demand for expensive changes such as bathtub remodeling or installation of lifts on stairs. A survey by mail was conducted to find out the effect from the users' viewpoint. Valid responses were collected from 290 cases. Three aspects of improvement in housing conditions were assessed: improvement in daily activities, reduction in the care taker's burden, and reduction in the need for long-term institutional care. More than one-third of the users reported improvement in each of three aspects, and two-thirds had improvements in at least one out of the three items. There were intercorrelation among the three items, especially between improvement in daily activities and reduction of the care taker's burden. Analysis showed that improvements were reported in a greater proportion of those living alone or in a two-person household, those who utilized the programme following discharge from inpatient care, those who had their bathroom or bathtub remodeled, and those who had the more expensive changes made. Changes in entrances and approaches to the residence was correlated to an improvement in daily activities. Reduction in care-taker's burden was seen where stroke was the cause of being dependent and where a specially equipped bed was provided. Reduction in the need for long-term institutional care is related to family structure and number of rooms in the home, which are barriers to continuing home care.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation workplace smoking control--a questionnaire survey of male NTT workers in the Tokyo area].

A survey of NTT workers regarding smoking control in their workplaces was conducted utilizing a questionnaire administered at the time of routine employee medical examinations. The questionnaire was self-administered and anonymous. Subjects were 1918 men, almost all who were involved in office work in the Tokyo area. Responses were obtained from 1872 (20's and 30's year of age 13.2%, 40's 68.1%, 50's 18.8%) after excluding 106 for incomplete responses. The results were as follows; 1. Of the subjects, 43.4% reported that smoking control was already in effect in their workplace. As for the method of smoking control, smoking restricted to specified places was the most common (31.1%). 2. Of smokers, only 9.8% approved of smoking control in their workplaces, 9.8% were opposed, and 80.1% of smokers reluctantly complied to smoking control in their workplaces. 3. About 60% of subjects, without distinguishing smoking habit, supported smoking restricted to specified areas as the method of smoking control. 4. Over 95% of smokers replied that they can successfully refrain from smoking in prohibited places. 5. For locations where they smoke, smokers listed employee lounge (91.5%), lavatory (83.7%), personal room (75.5%), at own desk (75.3%), reception room (72.7%) and conference room (64.3%). More than half of non-smokers replied that they disapprove of smoking in these places. These results suggest that smoking restricted to only specified places is most appropriate as the method of smoking control in the workplace. However differences exist between smokers and non-smokers as to appropriate designation of smoking areas and non-smoking areas.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Progress of the treatment of gastric cancer in Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo].

From 1946 to 1990, a total of 10,485 cases of gastric cancer patients were treated at the Cancer Institute Hospital (CIH), Tokyo. During the past 46 years, CIH contributed to various aspects of surgical treatment of gastric cancer; extensive radical surgery for advanced cancer, safe reconstruction methods after total gastrectomy, modified surgery for early stage cancer, and multimodality therapy for moderately advanced cancer. Five-year survival rate was 20% for all cases in 1940s, and 66.5% for 1980s. Improvement in the treatment results could be attributed to the relative increase in the number of early stage cancers, the increase in the rate of curative surgery (R0), and incorporation of multi-modality therapy before or after curative surgery. Stage-oriented therapy is mandatory for further improvement in the treatment results and the patient's quality of life after surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Results of initial bacteriology of pulmonary tuberculosis among male NTT employees in the Tokyo area--annual transition and influence of fiberoptic bronchoscopy].

A study was made on the annual changes in the positive rate for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) at the initial bacteriological examination of newly detected pulmonary tuberculosis among male NTT (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation) employees in the Tokyo area during a period of 32 years from 1960 through 1991. The influence on the changes of recent introduction of fiberoptic bronchoscopy for obtaining the specimen was also analyzed, and the following results were obtained. 1. Results obtained by the conventional bacteriological method using expectorated sputum or aspirated gastric juice as the specimens. (1) The annual incidence of bacteriologically positive (smear and/or culture positive) cases constantly decreased and reached the lowest in 1981, then ceased to decline and remained at the level of 1981. (2) The annual ratio of AFB positive by smear and the ratio of smear and/or culture positive cases to the newly detected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were constant during the entire observation period. (3) The ratio of AFB positive by smear to the newly detected cases annually increased but did not increase when the observation period was limited to within 1976 to 1991. 2. Results obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy in combination with conventional bacteriological methods. (1) Both the annual incidence of smear and/or culture positive cases and the ratio of these cases to the newly detected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis showed a tendency to increase in both the 80's and 90's.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Alcohol and sudden death: a survey on alcohol-related deaths at tokyo Metropolitan Medical Examiner's Office (1989)].

Seven thousand three hundred seventy-six sudden or violent manner of deaths were inspected or autopsied at Tokyo Metropolitan Medical Examiner's Office in 1989. Out of these victims, 693 (9.4%) victims were regarded as heavy drinkers on the basis of the drinking habits and the autopsy reports and 196 (2.7%) victims without past problem drinking were thought to be drunk at death from the family statements or the blood alcohol analysis. The total 889 (12.1%) alcohol-related cases (autopsy was performed on the 489 cases) were studied from epidemiological and etiological viewpoints. The average age of the alcohol-related victims (male: 811, female: 78) was 52 +/- 11 years. In middle-aged (45-54 years) men, 34% of the all sudden or violent deaths were alcohol-related. About half of the alcohol-related victims were living alone and jobless and they often died at home, particularly in the bed. In the alcohol-related victims, the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) analysis revealed that the average BAC of female was significantly higher than that of male. (2.12 +/- 1.73 mg/ml vs. 1.33 +/- 1.75, P < 0.01). This difference may be associated with sex difference in ethanol metabolism, body composition and drinking habits. Among the major causes of the alcohol-related deaths, alcoholic liver diseases accounted for 226 (25%), gastro-intestinal bleedings for 115 (13%), cardiovascular diseases for 105 (12%) and violent deaths (e.g., acute alcohol intoxication, falls, traffic accidents, suicide) for 329 (37%). By histopathological examination of the liver, about 30% of the alcoholic liver disease cases showed mainly fatty metamorphosis and 48% showed liver cirrhosis. Only 12% of the cirrhotics had either jaundice or ascites, suggesting hepatic failure. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy was suspected in only 11 cases. In conclusion, many people, particularly middle-aged men, lose their lives due to heavy drinking and there are many pathologically unexplainable sudden deaths of alcoholics.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Incidence rates of cerebral palsy, severe mental and motor retardation, and Down syndrome in the city of Kokubunji in suburban Tokyo].

We investigated the incidence rates of cerebral palsy, severe mental and motor retardation, and Down syndrome in the City of Kokubunji in suburban Tokyo with a total population of about 100,000. The number of liveborn babies during 1985-1989 was 5,475. The number of children with cerebral palsy (CP) was 11 and the incidence rate was 2.01/1,000, which was equal to the rates in reports from several countries and was higher than those of the previous reports from Japan. Two out of 10 patients with CP had mild motor handicaps and were expected to "outgrow" their handicaps. The number of children with "severe mental and motor retardation" (SMMR) was 6 and the incidence rate was 1.10/1,000. Prenatal brain damage played a major role in the pathogenesis of CP and SMMR. The number of children with Down syndrome (DS) was 11 and the incidence rate was 2.01/1,000 which was higher than the previous rates. Incidence rates of CP, SMMR, and DS still remain high and further strategy to prevent pediatric neurological diseases is necessary.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aflatoxin contamination in foods and foodstuffs in Tokyo: 1986-1990.

Aflatoxins were determined in 3054 samples of foods or foodstuffs, including cereals, nuts, beans, spices, dairy products, dry fruits, and edible oil. Samples were collected in Tokyo from 1986 to 1990. Aflatoxins were found in rice products, adlay, corn, crude sugar, peanut products, pistachio nuts, brazil nuts, sesame products, butter beans, white pepper, red pepper, paprika, nutmeg, and mixed spices. The highest incidence of aflatoxin contamination was observed in nutmeg (80%), and the highest level of aflatoxin B1 was observed in pistachio nuts (1382 ppb).

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed1993

[Incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among workers of NTT in Tokyo area--annual transition by sex and age].

We investigated incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis for 31 years (from 1960 to 1990) by sex and age among workers of NTT (Nippon telegraph and telephone corporation) in Tokyo area. Annual transition of recent years was mainly analyzed and following results were obtained. (1) Incidence in male of the twenties, thirties and forties decreased smoothly from 1960 to around 1980, then came to standstill and increase tendency was suspected, that is to say, 1) incidence in male of the twenties was minimum in 1976 (21 per 100,000 persons). Annual reduction rate (minus means decrease, plus means increase) from 1960 to 1976 was -11.7% and that from 1977 to 1990 was -0.4%. 2) incidence in male of the thirties was minimum in 1983 (0 per 100,000 persons). Annual reduction rate from 1960 to 1982 was -8.8% and that from 1984 to 1990 was +6.8%. 3) incidence in male of the forties was minimum in 1981 (0 per 100,000 persons). Annual reduction rate from 1960 to 1980 was -11.5% and that from 1982 to 1990 was +1.3%. (2) Incidence in male of the fifties decreased gradually from the 1960's and no tendency of increase was observed. (3) Incidence in female of the twenties, thirties and forties decreased almost continuously from 1960 to 1990 and no tendency of increase was observed in each age group, but total incidence in female (from the teens to the sixties) seemed to be leveling off after 1979. From these results, stagnant or increase tendency of pulmonary tuberculosis in young and middle-aged male was noticed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Suicide by self-stabbing in the city of Tokyo--a review of accumulated data from 1976 to 1995.

Accumulated data of suicide by self-stabbing in the city of Tokyo (population: approx. 8.1 million. 1994) between 1976 and 1995 was reviewed. The overall numbers of suicides for each year were similar (min.: 1178, max.: 1620, 1346.9 on average), while the annual number of unusual death cases increased gradually (5399 in 1976 to 9226 in 1995). The annual number of suicides by self-stabbing fluctuated irregularly, but was generally low (2.3-4.7%) among modes of suicide. A significant difference was observed between the sex ratio in suicidal self-stabbing and that for all suicide; the male/female ratio is higher in suicidal self-stabbing than in suicides overall. The majority of fatally wounded body sites were in the neck, chest, abdomen, wrists and forearms. Marked differences according to sex were observed in terms of the implements employed for self-stabbing; craft knives, swords and recreational knives, fragments of glass, carpenter's tools and surgical knives were used almost exclusively by men, while more than 80% of women used kitchen knives or razors. No influence of psychiatric history on suicide by self-stabbing was proved.

Adolescent↗