Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Temporal Bone”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Computed tomography of the temporal bone in diagnosis of otitis media chronica purulenta].

Computed tomography (CT) of the temporal bone has been used to study thirty-eight 5-72-year-old patients with otitis media chronica purulenta (OMCP), in 14 of them the process was bilateral. A scheme of CT assessment of the temporal bone is proposed. The analysis of 52 CTs of the temporal bone with consideration of otoscopic and operative findings helped to distinguish CT signs of non-cholesteatomic OMCP. These signs include sclerotic alterations of the bone tissue of the mastoid process (82.7%), defective pneumaticity of the middle ear cavities (tympanic cavity - 80.7%) due to pathological substrate, destructive changes of the auditory bones (50%), carious alterations of the walls of the middle ear cavities (21%). The study of the temporal bone by the proposed scheme detected such anomalies and structural features as presentation of the sigmoid sinus (36.5%), elevation of the bulb of the jugular vein (3.8%), diverticulum of the jugular vein (3.8%), low fundus of the middle cranial fossa (7.7%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Temporal bone findings on computed tomography imaging in branchio-oto-renal syndrome.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To describe temporal bone findings using visual inspection and direct measurement on computerized tomography (CT) in individuals with branchio-oto-renal syndrome (BOR). We ask if it is possible for the untrained observer to use a battery of CT observations as a tool in the overall evaluation of the BOR phenotype. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective evaluation of CT findings in individuals with a clinical diagnosis of BOR based on criteria derived from genotype-phenotype analyses. METHODS: Prospective measurement of temporal bone CT imaging in 21 individuals (42 ears) with BOR and 21 normally hearing controls (21 ears) was performed. Thirty-nine aspects of each temporal bone were evaluated: 17 by direct measurement, 5 computed from direct measurement, and 17 by visual inspection. Thirty-eight recordings from each ear were made on axial section and 1 was made on coronal section. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found between BOR and control groups in 30 of 39 categories (76.9%). The most common and easily identifiable characteristics of BOR by visual inspection were 1) hypoplastic apical turn of the cochlea, 2) facial nerve deviated to the medial side of the cochlea, 3) funnel-shaped internal auditory canal, and 4) patulous eustachian tube. The embryological origin of temporal bone anomalies in BOR are described. CONCLUSIONS: CT evaluation of the temporal bone, when properly investigated, should be used as an important tool in the overall evaluation of the BOR phenotype.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[High resolution computerized tomography of the temporal bone in mandibulofacial dysostosis].

High resolution CT (HR-CT) scanning of the temporal bone was performed in three patients with a fully expressed mandibulofacial dysostosis for preoperative assessment of temporal bone abnormalities. The external auditory canal was absent in five of six ears. Scans revealed a dysplastic middle ear cleft with dysplastic and partly dislocated ossicles. The ossicles were absent in two temporal bones. In no patient was the mastoid bone pneumatised. The inner ear was affected in only one patient in whom a shortening of the lateral semicircular canal could be found bilaterally. The role of HR-CT of the temporal bone as a preoperative diagnostic tool for the assessment of abnormalities of surgical import is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Temporal bone histopathological findings in campomelic dysplasia.

Both temporal bones of a newborn (35 gestational weeks old) with campomelic syndrome were studied histopathologically. This is to our knowledge the second temporal bone report (third case) of this syndrome. The findings included: abnormal cartilagenous and osseous tissues and abnormality in the globuli interossei in the otic capsule; deformities of the vestibule and semicircular canals, probably due to compression by the abnormal cartilaginous tissue; hypoplastic cochlea and semicircular canals; aberrant course of the facial nerve; wide dehiscence of the facial canal in the tympanic portion; slight hypoplasia of the malleus and anomalies in the incus and stapes; and large epitympanic space. These findings closely resembled those of the first report, and suggest that: 1) campomelic dysplasia is a definite disease entity with consistent pathogenesis, and 2) similar otologic manifestations may be expected in the majority of patients with this syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1999

Cochlear implantation following temporal bone fracture.

Seven cases of profound hearing impairment following either unilateral or bilateral temporal bone fracture are presented who were implanted with the Nucleus 22 channel or Ineraid devices. Six patients suffered bilateral temporal bone fractures. One patient had prior congenital unilateral profound hearing impairment. This patient suffered a unilateral temporal bone fracture. Six patients became regular users of their implants. One gained little benefit and became a non-user. Two of the regular users experienced facial nerve stimulation, which could not be programmed out. In these two cases the implant was removed and the contralateral ear successfully implanted. Implant-aided audiometry demonstrated a hearing threshold of 40-50 dB at nine months after switch-on. The reliability of computed tomography (CT) scanning in predicting cochlear patency in cases of temporal bone fracture will be discussed. The benefit of complimentary imaging with magnetic resonance (MR) is highlighted.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Investigation of temporal bone anatomy by plastic moulding and cryomicrotomy.

To increase our understanding of the complex topographic relations between temporal bone structures and to facilitate the interpretation of their radiographic images, two techniques were developed. Plastic moulding of temporal bone specimens using polyester resin and silicone rubber substances providing detailed information and a three-dimensional survey of the structures. Carefully macerated temporal bone specimens are filled with plastic material under vacuum and the bone is then dissolved. The preparations, freed from irrelevant structures and embellished, allow metric evaluation of the different structures and their topographic relations. Automatic serial cryomicrotomy of fresh, deep-frozen temporal bones, using a commercial sledge-cryomicrotome. Photography of the cut surfaces of the specimen, usually at distance of 0.25 to 0.50 mm, allows natural-colour reproduction of minute detail, e.g. the melanin cell area in the cochlea, the smallest vessels on the ossicular surfaces, and the origin of the cochlear aqueduct at the basal turn of the cochlea. By correlating the photographs with images from the corresponding tomographic planes accurate information is obtained for interpretation of the radiographic images. A combination of the two techniques facilitates a detailed study and is a valuable aid in the teaching of temporal bone anatomy.

Freezing↗
PubMed2006

Locating the scala media in the fixed human temporal bone for therapeutic access: a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the location of the scala media in relation to the round window niche in human temporal bones. DESIGN: Ten human temporal bones were investigated by radical mastoidectomy and promontory drill-out. SETTING: Temporal bone laboratory. OUTCOME MEASURES: The distance from the scala media to the anterior edge of the round window niche, measured by Fisch's stapedectomy measuring cylinders. RESULTS: The scala media was identified at the transection point of a vertical line 1.6 to 2.2 mm (mean=1.8 mm; standard deviation=0.2) anterior to the anterior edge of the round window niche and a horizontal line 0.2 mm inferior to the lower border of the oval window. CONCLUSION: This report demonstrates the point of entry into the scala media via the promontory in fixed temporal bone models, which may provide a site of entry for stem cells and gene therapy insertion.

Cochlear Duct↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Histiocytosis X of the temporal bone: CT findings.

The preoperative diagnosis of temporal bone histiocytosis X has been based traditionally on clinical examination, plain radiography, and pluridirectional tomography. Clinical misdiagnosis is common because otologic findings can mimic those of acute and chronic infectious ear disease. Similarly, plain radiographic and tomographic findings may be confused with those of mastoiditis, cholesteatoma, and temporal bone metastasis. The three cases of histiocytosis X presented here illustrate the advantages of CT compared with traditional radiographic methods in the diagnosis and staging of this disease. Computed tomography clearly delineates osseous involvement, including erosion of the bony labyrinth. Computed tomography also better defines the soft tissue margins of the granulomatous mass in relationship to the central nervous system and extratemporal tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The thickness and texture of temporal bone in brain CT predict acoustic window failure of transcranial Doppler.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although transcranial Doppler (TCD) is useful for evaluation and treatment of ischemic stroke, temporal acoustic window failure (TAWF) limits its application. We performed this study to reveal whether initial brain CT of acute stroke patients predicted TAWF. METHODS: We performed TCD in 92 acute ischemic stroke patients (57 males, aged 38-84 years) with brain CT scans. We measured the thickness (BTW) and evaluated the texture of the temporal bone in acoustic windows shown in the CT scan with the use of picture archiving and communication system. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the vertebral bodies, femurs, and whole body was also measured. RESULTS: Doppler signals were adequately obtained in 121 (65.8%) of the 184 middle cerebral arteries (MCA) from both cerebral hemispheres. BTW and inhomogeneity of temporal bone, besides age, sex, and hypercholesterolemia, was strongly correlated with TAWF. BMD was not directly correlated with TAWF, but inhomogeneous temporal bone was correlated with lower BMD scores. If the brain CT scan showed thick (BTW >or= 2.7 mm) and inhomogeneous temporal bone, the possibility of TAWF was 93.5%, while if brain CT scan showed thin (BTW < 2.7 mm) and homogenous temporal bone, it was only 5.4%. CONCLUSIONS: The texture as well as the thickness of the temporal bone was the most important determinant of TAWF. When acute stroke patients had thin and homogeneous temporal bones in initial brain CT scan, TAWF was very rare, and loss of MCA signals on TCD specifcally indicated the absence of blood flow in MCA.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[Improved three-dimension reconstruction of serial frozen tissue sections of the temporal bone of guinea pigs].

OBJECTIVE: To improve the serial frozen tissue sections of the temporal bone of guinea pigs for better three-dimension reconstruction of the computer images. METHODS: The temporal bone of the guinea pigs was first decalcified by formate before embedding with lines marking the position of the specimen in glutin at low temperature. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: Thinner slices, shorter period and more accurate orientation were achieved to highlight the spatial features of the temporal bone, thus facilitating the anatomical study of the temporal bone.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Hydroxyapatite cement in temporal bone surgery: a 10 year experience.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the indications for successful use of hydroxyapatite cement (HAC) in temporal bone surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review. METHODS: One hundred nine temporal bone defects related to surgical approaches to the skull base, infection, neoplasms, or congenital defect in 102 adults and children were corrected using HAC over a 10-year period. The results and complications were obtained through retrospective chart review. RESULTS: Ninety-seven percent of temporal bone defects were successfully repaired using HAC, and the reconstruction remained stable over the course of this study. There was one case of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak. Wound infection occurred in three patients, which required reoperation and removal of the biomaterial. CONCLUSIONS: HAC is a biomaterial that should be used as the primary method to reconstruct temporal bone defects. Proper use of this biomaterial results in restoration of the integrity of the temporal bone and elimination of cerebrospinal fluid leak as a postoperative complication.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgical protection: anatomic and diagnostic contribution of a new CT techniques in preoperative study of the temporal bone].

In the last ten years, CT study of the temporal bone has become, finer and has enriched itself with new projections. The objective of this paper fruit of collaboration between radiologist and otologist, is the search for CT projections, which evidentiate, with the same order and progression, the most important reference points that otologists find in temporal bone surgery. The study was conducted on fresh temporal bone extracted from cadavers which underwent tomography according to a projection very similar to a surgical plane defined precisely as "surgical". The Authors comment on what they consider the three most significant tomographies: those taken from the cortical mastoid at 15, 23 and 32 mm. The various anatomical structures and the relationships between them are identified with an operatory logic; this would afford in the surgical planning phase a better evaluation of the most appropriate approach, of the risks this approach would involve and of the length of the surgical procedure. The Authors also studied and developed an accessory that allows the application of surgical projection in living patients.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Total temporal bone resection. A radical but life-saving procedure.

Traditional therapeutic approaches for malignancies of the temporal bone have produced unacceptably low survival figures. The morbidity and mortality associated with temporal bone cancer justify extensive surgery. Total temporal bone resection can be performed successfully in the hands of an experienced skull-base surgical team. By circumscribing the tumor rather than transgressing it, this procedure follows generally accepted principles of oncologic surgery. This procedure also shows promise in resection of extensive, carefully selected, recurrent benign tumors. We believe this approach offers hope for improved survival in patients with malignancy of the temporal bone. Further refinements in technique are suggested by each new case. Additional experience and long-term follow-up are needed to assess the efficacy of this procedure. The interest, expertise, and active participation of the operating room nursing team are critical to the success of this surgery. Ideally, not only intraoperative participation but also preoperative assessment and postoperative support should be routine. Close cooperation and extensive communication among the surgeons and nurses are essential.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

High-resolution T1-weighted 3D real IR imaging of the temporal bone using triple-dose contrast material.

The small structures in the temporal bone are surrounded by bone and air. The objectives of this study were (a) to compare contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images acquired by fast spin-echo-based three-dimensional real inversion recovery (3D rIR) against those acquired by gradient echo-based 3D SPGR in the visualization of the enhancement of small structures in the temporal bone, and (b) to determine whether either 3D rIR or 3D SPGR is useful for visualizing enhancement of the cochlear lymph fluid. Seven healthy men (age range 27-46 years) volunteered to participate in this study. All MR imaging was performed using a dedicated bilateral quadrature surface phased-array coil for temporal bone imaging at 1.5 T (Visart EX, Toshiba, Tokyo, Japan). The 3D rIR images (TR/TE/TI: 1800 ms/10 ms/500 ms) and flow-compensated 3D SPGR images (TR/TE/FA: 23 ms/10 ms/25 degrees) were obtained with a reconstructed voxel size of 0.6 x 0.7 x 0.8 mm3. Images were acquired before and 1, 90, 180, and 270 min after the administration of triple-dose Gd-DTPA-BMA (0.3 mmol/kg). In post-contrast MR images, the degree of enhancement of the cochlear aqueduct, endolymphatic sac, subarcuate artery, geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve, and cochlear lymph fluid space was assessed by two radiologists. The degree of enhancement was scored as follows: 0 (no enhancement); 1 (slight enhancement); 2 (intermediate between 1 and 3); and 3 (enhancement similar to that of vessels). Enhancement scores for the endolymphatic sac, subarcuate artery, and geniculate ganglion were higher in 3D rIR than in 3D SPGR. Washout of enhancement in the endolymphatic sac appeared to be delayed compared with that in the subarcuate artery, suggesting that the enhancement in the endolymphatic sac may have been due in part to non-vascular tissue enhancement. Enhancement of the cochlear lymph space was not observed in any of the subjects in 3D rIR and 3D SPGR. The 3D rIR sequence may be more sensitive than the 3D SPGR sequence in visualizing the enhancement of small structures in the temporal bone; however, enhancement of the cochlear fluid space could not be visualized even with 3D rIR, triple-dose contrast, and dedicated coils at 1.5 T.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Improved RNA analysis for immediate autopsy of temporal bone soft tissues.

RNA analysis is essential for understanding biological activities of a cell or tissue. Unfortunately, retrieval of RNA from existing archives of human temporal bones has proven extremely difficult due to degradation of RNA molecules. The major factors that contribute to degradation of RNA in specimens from autopsied temporal bones are tissue autolysis due to time elapsed before autopsy, and technical problems in processing the bones after harvest. We therefore focused on improving the survival of RNA in human temporal bones by shortening the time to autopsy and through modification of the processing technique by removing targeted tissues directly from the temporal bones and by avoiding time-consuming decalcification and celloidin-embedding. Eight temporal bones collected at immediate autopsies were used in this study. Representative mRNAs, ranging from high (MUC5B, physically unstable) to low (beta-actin, physically stable) molecular weights, and from abundant (MUC5B) to non-abundant (MUC1) RNA, were studied by in situ hybridization, Northern blot technique, or both. Using this modified protocol in autopsies performed up to 6 h after death, the existence of mRNAs was demonstrated in all bones studied. This improved method demonstrates the feasibility of the use of autopsied temporal bone tissues for RNA analysis.

Autopsy↗
PubMed2006

Benign osteoblastoma of the temporal bone: Case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Benign osteoblastoma arising from the temporal bone is extremely rare in elderly patients. We reviewed the literature on benign osteoblastoma of the temporal bone and now propose a new classification of this pathologic entity based on its anatomical location in the temporal bone. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 68-year-old woman presented with tinnitus and hearing disturbance with a duration of 1 year. Her neurologic examination revealed mixed hearing disturbance and hypogeusia. Preoperative computed tomography showed a bony destructive isodensity mass with calcified component involving the temporal bone. The FDG-PET scan showed high uptake on the lesion. After preoperative embolization on the day before surgery, the patient underwent tumor removal via a left infratemporal approach under neuronavigated guidance. The pathologic examination revealed a benign osteoblastoma. CONCLUSION: We present the first case of FDG-PET showing high uptake on the lesion. Preoperative embolization is useful to reduce the amount of bleeding during the surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Temporal bone pathology in Cornelia de Lange syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to demonstrate the temporal bone histopathology of Cornelia de Lange syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: Histopathologic examination of an infant with this syndrome. SETTING: This study was performed at the temporal bone laboratory. Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima. RESULTS: The authors describe interesting temporal bone findings of this syndrome: anomalies of the middle and inner ear and the facial nerves. CONCLUSIONS: This is the second case report describing the histologic findings of the temporal bone in Cornelia de Lange syndrome in the English literature.

De Lange Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

An original technique for histological study of the human temporal bone.

An original technique for histological study of the human temporal bone is presented. It allows faster and better results than previous methods. It becomes obvious that the systematic study of the temporal bone may give important data in the field of pathology, foeto-pathology and forensic medicine.

Adult↗