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PubMedDate not supplied

[Electrometric method of studying taste in brain diseases].

Disorders of the sense of taste were studied in 355 patients with craniocerebral pathology, among whom 70 had tumors of the acoustic nerve, 64 had a craniocerebral trauma, 60 had tumors of the cerebral hemispheres. The most coarse disorders with the loss of the sense of taste on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue were encountered in tumors of the acoustic nerve and in transverse infracture of the pyramid of the temporal bone. Longitudinal infractures of the pyramid usually cause a diminished sense of taste on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue in the acute period, with improvment of the taste in the late periods after the trauma. The test for the sense of taste on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue in tumors of the acoustic nerve, in infractures of the temporal bone pyramid, and in arachnoiditis of the cerebellopontine angle is one of the diagnostic methods. Electrogustometry makes it possible to detect the earliest disorders in the sense of taste and make a more precise diagnosis.

Arachnoiditis↗
PubMed1998

Chemosensory function and dysfunction.

Taste and smell are fundamental sensory systems essential in nutrition and food selection, for the hedonic and sensory experience of food, for efficient metabolism, and, in general, for the maintenance of a good quality of life. The gustatory and olfactory systems demonstrate a diversity of transduction mechanisms, and during the last decade, considerable progress has been made toward our understanding of the basic mechanisms of taste and smell. Understanding normal chemosensory function helps clarify the molecular events that underlie taste and smell disorders. At least 2,000,000 Americans suffer from chemosensory disorders--a number that is likely to grow as the aging segment of the population increases. Smell disorders are more frequent than taste disturbances, due to the vulnerability and anatomical distinctiveness of the olfactory system, and because a decline in olfactory function is part of the normal aging process. Common gustatory and olfactory complaints are due to a number of medications, to upper respiratory infections, to nasal and paranasal sinus diseases, and to damage to peripheral nerves supplying taste and smell. Most chemosensory complaints have an identifiable cause. Although diagnosis of taste and smell disorders has improved considerably over the last two decades, treatment of these disorders is still limited to conditions with discernible and reversible causes. Future research is needed for a better understanding of chemosensory mechanisms, establishing improved diagnostic procedures, and disseminating knowledge on chemosensory disorders among practitioners and the general public.

Aging↗
PubMed2005

[Evaluation of facial nerve palsy with electrogustometry and stapedial reflex].

BACKGROUND: To clarify the prognosis of facial nerve palsy, electroneuronal tests, including electrogustometry and stapedial reflex, have been utilized. But, the relationship among these tests and patients' prognosis is not clear. METHODS: Sixty five patients with peripheral facial nerve palsy were investigated. Electrogustometry (EG), stapedial reflex (SR) and blink reflex (BR) were performed at the first visit on the consult of facial nerve palsy. The palsy scale (full score is 100 points) was evaluated 8 weeks after the onset, and we defined cure cases if score became over 90 points. The cure ratio was examined on each group of EG positive or negative, SR positive or negative and BR R1 wave positive or negative, respectively. The relationship among these three examinations was also investigated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the cure ratio of EG positive and negative groups. However, the cure ratio of SR positive group was significantly larger than that of SR negative group. The cure ratio of BR positive group was 100%, regardless of the result of other two tests. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that SR is a more useful parameter than EG for the evaluation of the prognosis of patients with facial nerve palsy, and the pathological meaning of these 2 tests is different from that of BR.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Olfactory cleft disease: an analysis of 13 cases.

OBJECTIVES: Olfactory cleft disease was defined as (1) an olfactory disability related with a clinical and/or radiologic abnormality of the olfactory cleft and (2) a pathologic process limited to or predominating in the olfactory cleft. The objectives of this study were to describe the clinical and radiologic findings of this entity and to report the effect of medical therapy on the sense of smell. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Thirteen patients with the criteria of olfactory cleft disease were included in this retrospective study. All patients had bilateral olfactory cleft abnormalities. A complete ENT examination with endoscopic evaluation and a computed tomography scan were performed in all cases. An olfactory threshold test was available in 12 cases before and after medical therapy, which included oral and topically administered steroid therapy. RESULTS: Olfactory disability was the major symptom of olfactory cleft disease. Other symptoms of chronic rhinosinus dysfunction was present in 75% of cases. Three pathologic processes were identified in patients with olfactory cleft disease: malformative, inflammatory, and inflammatory associated with anatomical deformities of olfactory cleft boundaries. Medical therapy was effective in lowering olfactory thresholds in 25% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: Olfactory cleft disease involves various pathophysiologic processes. Computed tomography scanning provides the most information for diagnosis. Indications of functional endoscopic surgery remain to be defined after failure of medical therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Assessment of inferior alveolar and lingual nerve disturbances after dentoalveolar surgery, and of recovery of sensitivity.

In a follow-up of 1107 dentoalveolar operations in the postcanine region, 24 (2.2%) temporary sensitivity disturbances of the inferior alveolar nerve and 16 (1.4%) of the lingual nerve were found. Permanent disturbances were not present. Complete recovery had occurred by 6 months in all cases. The incidence of temporary sensitivity disturbances depended on the different surgical interventions performed. For evaluation and follow-up purposes, a computer-aided pain and thermal sensitivity (PATH) tester was used. By PATH testing, spontaneous recovery can already be ascertained at the third or fourth postoperative month.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Oral manifestations of poisoning.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the variety of chemical agents and medicines which can produce oral manifestations following poisoning. Rapid diagnosis is essential in covert cases to ensure early treatment. Furthermore, oral care is an important part of the general management of many poisoned patients.

Burning Mouth Syndrome↗