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PubMed2005

Apoplastic calmodulin receptor-like binding proteins in suspension-cultured cells of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Calmodulin, a highly conserved protein family that has long been well known as an intracellular calcium sensor, was identified in the culture medium and cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana suspension-cultured cells by immunoblotting assay. A promotion effect by applying exogenous purified calmodulin and an inhibition effect by the addition of anti-calmodulin anti-serum or calmodulin antagonist to the medium on proliferation of suspension cells were found by monitoring incorporation of [methyl-3H]thymidine into nuclear DNA. Radioligand binding analysis with 35S-labeled calmodulin indicated the presence of specific, reversible, and saturable calmodulin binding sites on the surface of both A. thaliana suspension-cultured cells and its protoplasts; among them at least one is on the surface of Arabidopsis protoplasts, with the Kd approximately 9.2 nM, and two are on the out-surface of Arabidopsis suspension-cultured cells, with Kd values of approximately 47.5 and 830 nM. Chemical crosslinking of 35S-labeled calmodulin to protoplasts revealed 117- and 41-kDa plasma membrane proteins specifically bound to calmodulin, whereas cross-linking with intact suspension-cultured cells verified more calmodulin binding proteins which might be cell wall-associated in addition to membrane-localized. Taking together, our data provide first evidence for the presence of apoplastic calmodulin receptor-like binding proteins on the cell surface of Arabidopsis suspension-cultured cells, which strongly supports our previous idea that apoplastic calmodulin functions as a peptide signal involved in regulation of cell growth and development.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed2006

Bone powder enhances the effectiveness of bioactive glass S53P4 against strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in suspension.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether bone powder in suspension enhances the antimicrobial efficacy of bioactive glass S53P4 against Gram-negative microbiota commonly associated with peri-implant disease. METHODS: Standardized suspensions of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 and YH 3, as well as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 29523 and KK 2 were added to 24-h suspensions of bioactive glass S53P4 with ground bovine bone powder, decalcified bone, or hydroxylapatite powder. Recovery of viable bacteria was assessed using anaerobic culture methods. As a reference, the antibacterial effect of an inert borosilicate powder with a particle size corresponding to that of the bioactive glass was tested. Counts of bacteria suspended in a pure unbuffered saline solution served as controls. RESULTS: A significant drop in viable microorganisms was observed in suspensions of bioactive glass and bone powder compared to counterparts of pure bioactive glass. In contrast, neither the presence of hydroxylapatite powder nor the presence of decalcified bone in suspension caused any increase in bioactive glass killing efficacy on the microorganisms under investigation. Inert borosilicate glass showed no antibacterial effects per se or in combination with bone powder. CONCLUSION: The antimicrobial effect of a combined bioactive glass-ground bone powder suspension was an in vitro observation which should be confirmed using adequate in vivo models.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗
PubMed2004

The suitability of a faecal suspension of sheep as inocula for the estimation of utilizable crude protein of feeds by in vitro incubation.

The objective of the experiments was to study the suitability of using a faecal suspension of sheep for the estimation of the utilizable crude protein (uCP) of feeds for sheep by an in vitro incubation. Twenty-four single feeds and eight feed mixtures were used as incubation substrates. In Experiment 1, the gas production after the in vitro incubation with rumen fluid or with a faecal suspension of a sheep were compared using the Hohenheim gas test. It was found that there were significant linear regression between the 24, 48 and 72 h gas production with rumen fluid and those with faecal suspensions of 35, 50, 100 and 150 g wet faeces of sheep (which were 18.6, 23.5, 52.0 and 70.5 g faeces DM, respectively) per litre McDougall's buffer (P < 0.0001). The highest regression coefficient (r2) was calculated between the gas production after inoculation with a suspension of 100 g wet faeces per litre McDougall's buffer (x, ml x 200 mg (-1) feed DM) for 48 h and the gas production after inoculation with rumen fluid (y, ml x 200 mg (-1) feed DM) for 24 h: y = 0.82 (+/- 0.07)x + 9.87 (+/-3.83), r2 = 0.82, n = 32, P < 0.0001. Based on these results, in Experiment 2 the estimation of utilizable crude protein (uCP) of feeds was compared by using the in vitro incubation technique of Zhao and Lebzien (2000), where feeds were inoculated either with rumen fluid or with a faecal suspension (100 g wet faeces of sheep, i.e. 52 g faeces DM per litre McDougall's buffer). The results indicated that there were no significant differences of the estimated uCP after inoculation with rumen fluid or the faecal suspension (P > 0.05). A significant regression was found between the uCP after incubation for 48 h with 100 g wet faeces (x, g x kg (-1) DM) and the uCP after incubation for 24 h with rumen fluid (y, g x kg(-1) DM): y = 0.95 (+/-0.10)x - 4.90 (+/-26.70), r2 = 0.75, n = 32, Although this regression was significant, the coefficient r2 was not high. Therefore, further research is needed before sheep faeces could replace rumen fluid as an inocula for the estimation of uCP by the in vitro incubation technique.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2003

Generation of confluent cardiomyocyte monolayers derived from embryonic stem cells in suspension: a cell source for new therapies and screening strategies.

BACKGROUND: Cellular cardiomyoplasty is evolving as a new strategy to treat cardiac diseases. A prerequisite is a reliable source of pure cardiomyocytes, which could also help in the exploitation of recent advances in genomics and drug screening. Our goal was to establish a robust lab-scale process for the generation of embryonic stem (ES)-cell-derived cardiomyocytes in suspension. METHODS: A 71 ES cell clone carrying a construct consisting of the alpha-cardiac myosin heavy chain (alphaMHC) promoter driving the neomycin resistance gene was used for antibiotic-driven cardiomyocyte enrichment. Rotating suspension culture was established to initiate embryoid body (EB) formation. To track growth and differentiation kinetics, cell count and flow cytometry for SSEA-I, E-cadherin (stem-cell marker)and sarcomeric myosin (cardiomyocytes marker) was performed. Oct4 expression was measured via real time (RT)-PCR. RESULTS: Cultures comprising 2.5-8 x 10(6) differentiating FS cells/mL were obtained after 9 days in rotating suspension. Upon G418 addition,vigorous contracting spheres, termed cardiac bodies (CB), developed. These cultures consisted of about 2.1 x 10(5) enriched cardiomyocytes/mL after 6- 10 days of selection. Suspensions comprising 90- 95%viable single cells were generated using an improved dissociation method. Seeding of cardiomyocytes with 7 x 10(4) cell/cm(2) resulted in a homogeneous monolayer of synchronously contracting cells. Myocyte specific immunohistochemistry indicated purity of > 99%. DISCUSSION: We have established a reliable lab-scale protocol to generate cultures of highly enriched cardiomyocytes in suspension. This will facilitate development of larger-scale processes for stem-cell based cardiomyocyte supply. An improved method is provided to derive vital suspensions of cardiomyocytes, which could be utilized for transplantation as well as for drug screening purposes.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lansoprazole oral capsules and suspension in healthy subjects.

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lansoprazole suspension and lansoprazole capsules were studied. Thirty-six healthy males and females were randomized in a single-dose, open-label, two-period crossover study. Lansoprazole 30 mg was administered via a nasogastric tube as simplified lansoprazole suspension (in 8.4% sodium bicarbonate) or orally as the intact capsule after a minimum 12-hour fast and 5 hours before lunch. Ambulatory 24-hour intragastric pH was monitored at baseline and on day 1 of each treatment period to assess lansoprazole's pharmacodynamics. Blood samples were collected before drug administration and at predetermined intervals up to 24 hours after each dose to assess lansoprazole's pharmacokinetics. Both formulations effectively raised the mean 24-hour intragastric pH (mean 24-hour pH of 3.75 with suspension and 3.52 with intact capsule) and maintained it above threshold values of 3 and 4 for more than 40% of the 24-hour postdose period. The suspension was associated with a significantly shorter mean time to the maximum observed concentration (tmax) compared with the intact capsule. The mean maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax) of the suspension was significantly higher and the mean area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC infinity) was significantly lower than those of the intact capsule (879 versus 810 ng/mL and 1825 versus 2229 ng.hr/mL). The 90% confidence intervals obtained by two one-sided tests for both Cmax and AUC infinity were contained within the 0.80 to 1.25 range, confirming the bioequivalence of the two regimens. Simplified lansoprazole suspension effectively controls intragastric pH, is bioequivalent to the intact capsule, and represents an effective therapeutic option for patients who have difficulty swallowing or are unable to swallow lansoprazole capsules.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1980

C-Reactive protein induced agglutination of lipid suspensions prepared in the presence and absence of phosphatidylcholine.

CRP-induced agglutination of lipid suspensions prepared in the presence and absence of phosphatidylcholine was studied by a newly devised quantitative method. CRP caused as much agglutination of suspensions composed of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and Span 60 as of those composed of cholesterol and Span 60, suggesting that phosphocholine residues of phosphatidylcholine are not important as binding sites for CRP. Agglutination of suspensions prepared without phosphatidylcholine was inhibited by phosphocholine, indicating that the inhibition by phosphocholine is non-competitive. Although phosphatidylcholine is not an essential component for agglutination of suspensions, it may modify the mode of interaction of CRP with its binding site on lipid suspensions, since the sensitivity of the agglutination to phosphocholine and the Ca2+ requirement were influenced by the presence of phosphatidylcholine in the suspensions.

C-Reactive Protein↗
PubMed1996

Phosphorylation of a protein (pp56) is related to the regeneration of rice cultured suspension cells.

Short-term cultured suspension cells of rice (Oryza sativa L.) are capable of regeneration, but not in long-term culture. For clarification of the mechanism of regeneration, protein phosphorylation in short-term and long-term cultured suspension cells was compared by two dimensional-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A 56 kDa protein having an isoelectric point of 4.5 was phosphorylated in vitro in short-term cultured suspension cells, but was not phosphorylated after regeneration. This protein in long-term cultured suspension cells remained phosphorylated after transfer to the regeneration medium. However, using an antibody raised against this protein from short-term cultured suspension cells, it was always detected in long-term and short-term cultured suspension cells after transfer to the regeneration medium. The partial amino acid sequence of the HPLC-purified protein showed homology to a calcium-binding protein from maize. The phosphorylation of the 56 kDa protein (pp56) appears to be associated with the regeneration of cultured rice cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Transconjunctival frontalis suspension (TCFS).

We have devised a frontalis suspension technique originally described in an article entitled, "Transconjunctival frontalis suspension for blepharoptosis" (Trans Am Acad Ophthal Otolaryngol 83:684-92), by Swan and Tongue in 1977. This modified transconjunctival frontalis suspension (TCFS) procedure is described. It has been used at the Oregon Health Sciences University in its original or modified form since 1970. To better understand how this procedure successfully corrects blepharoptosis in patients with poor levator function, a study was undertaken to discern the anatomic relationship of the suspension material to important ocular adnexal structures. The findings are based on gross anatomic dissection and histologic examination of a cadaver eyelid after postmortem transconjunctival fascia lata frontalis suspension. The distal, horizontal limb of the fascia suspends the central portion of the levator aponeurosis in a hammock-type fashion. The two vertical limbs pierce the aponeurosis at the level of Whitnall's ligament and incorporate this ligament. The fascia then exits the orbit through the orbital septum near the arcus marginalis and is incorporated into the frontalis muscle near the junction of the medial one-third and lateral two-thirds of the brow, temporal to the supraorbital neurovascular bundle. This anatomic location is not only relatively easily and safely attained, but also maximizes the principles of more traditional frontalis suspensions while minimizing the effort and surgical manipulation.

Blepharoptosis↗
PubMed2000

A novel approach to laryngeal suspension after partial laryngectomy.

OBJECTIVES: Supraglottic laryngectomy is a well-established surgical therapy for selected carcinomas of the larynx and hypopharynx. Most compromised by this procedure and its variations is the laryngeal mechanism that protects the lower respiratory tract from aspiration. Laryngeal suspension serves to compensate for the loss of the resected laryngeal elevator muscles by pulling the larynx upward and forward beneath the tongue base. In this study we describe a method of laryngeal suspension in supraglottic laryngectomy using a cartilage-anchored suture carrier device. STUDY DESIGN: Report of this novel approach to laryngeal suspension using seven suture anchors in two patients undergoing supraglottic laryngectomy. METHODS: Seven Mitek Micro anchors (Mitek, Westwood, MA) were used to perform laryngeal suspension in two patients undergoing supraglottic laryngectomy. Our technique is compared with traditional methods. Operative data as well as postoperative functional results are reviewed. RESULTS: Laryngeal suspension using suture anchors was successful, with failure of only one anchor. Oral alimentation was quickly reestablished in both patients. There were no perioperative or postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: We describe a novel approach to laryngeal suspension that overcomes some of the technical challenges inherent in traditional suturing techniques. This novel approach is technically easier and more efficient than traditional methods and accomplishes distribution of stress forces on the thyroid cartilage remnant.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2000

Cleft lip nose correction with onlay calvarial bone graft and suture suspension in Oriental patients.

To correct the secondary cleft lip nose deformity in Oriental patients, many alar cartilage mobilization and suspension techniques have been developed. However, these techniques have critical limitations. One of the limitations is the suspension vector, and another is suspension power. The suspension vector is from inferior to superior and from the deformed alar cartilage to the normal alar cartilage. Thus, the vector is not suitable for normal nasal tip projection. The suspension power is not satisfactory because Oriental people have underdeveloped, thin alar cartilages and thick skin. So, the suspended, deformed alar cartilage may relapse and pull the normal alar cartilage to the deformed side. To overcome these limitations, the authors use the cantilever calvarial bone graft for tip projection; it also serves as a strong, rigid framework for cartilage and soft-tissue suspension. Using these techniques, the authors can create normal nasal tip projection and a normal looking nasal aperture.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Polyethylene glycol additives reduce hemolysis in red blood cell suspensions exposed to mechanical stress.

Mechanical damage to blood cells is of considerable concern in the development and use of circulatory assist devices and other blood contacting systems. Furthermore, hemodilution with saline, dextran, and other plasma expanders applied during extracorporeal circulation and dialysis increases red blood cell (RBC) susceptibility to the high shear stresses associated with these procedures. In this paper, we present polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a potential erythrocyte protective agent against mechanically induced cellular trauma. Bovine RBCs were subjected to mechanical stress induced by rolling stainless steel shots through RBC suspensions for a constant exposure time. The suspensions were prepared at a hematocrit of 30% in various media: PEG (20,000 molecular weight), autologous bovine plasma, Dextran 40 solution, and phosphate buffered saline (PBS). RBC suspensions in Dextran 40 were prepared at a viscosity similar to the PEG suspensions. We found the hemolysis level of RBCs suspended in plasma and in PEG solutions to be several times lower (p < 0.001) than in the Dextran and PBS solutions. No statistically significant difference was found between the hemolysis that occurred in suspensions of RBCs in autologous plasma and in 2.0% PEG solutions. Even PEG concentration as low as 0.1% reduced hemolysis by more than 40% compared with PBS or the same concentration of Dextran in suspension medium. Our data demonstrate the efficacy of PEG molecules in reducing mechanical trauma to erythrocytes and suggest the potential for using PEG in assisted circulation, dialysis, and other procedures where RBCs are subjected to extensive mechanical stress.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Failure of nasogastric omeprazole suspension in pediatric intensive care patients.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of nasogastric administration of omeprazole suspension in raising the gastric pH >4 in critically ill pediatric patients and to determine the most appropriate dosing regimen for this indication. DESIGN: Open-label pharmacodynamic study. SETTING: Twenty-six bed tertiary-care pediatric intensive care unit. PATIENTS: Mechanically ventilated children aged 1-18 yrs with an additional risk factor for stress ulcer formation. INTERVENTIONS: Continuous gastric pH monitoring was performed during administration and dose titration of omeprazole suspension to achieve the goal of gastric pH >4 for greater than 75% of the dosing interval. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Data were collected from 18 patients. Subjects were categorized based on the pharmacologic response to nasogastric administration of 1 mg/kg omeprazole suspension (maximum 20 mg) as rapid (n = 9), late (n = 5), and nonresponders (n = 4). Rapid responders required 0.72 mg/kg per day omeprazole suspension to achieve adequate gastric pH elevation for stress ulcer prophylaxis. Late responders required 1.58 mg/kg per day. Nonresponders did not achieve adequate elevation of gastric pH for stress ulcer prophylaxis. CONCLUSIONS: Nasogastric administration of omeprazole suspension has variable efficacy in critically ill pediatric patients. Half of the studied subjects either required significant dose titrations to achieve gastric acid suppression or did not respond to nasogastric administration of omeprazole suspension.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed2006

Fascial suspension mastopexy.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess a new procedure for breast mastopexy, fascial suspension mastopexy. METHODS: Between December of 2001 and July of 2004, 52 patients (102 breasts) underwent fascial suspension mastopexy. Sixteen women had grade 1 ptosis (30 percent), 31 had grade 2 ptosis (60 percent), two had grade 3 ptosis (4 percent), two (4 percent) had breast asymmetry and underwent unilateral mastopexy, and one had pseudoptosis (2 percent). Of the 52 patients, 43 (83 percent) underwent fascial suspension mastopexy only, whereas nine patients (17 percent) underwent fascial suspension mastopexy combined with breast parenchymal excision of less than 120 g in each breast. Three patients (6 percent) underwent combined procedures. RESULTS: The complication rate was 7.7 percent (four patients). Two patients underwent conversion of the vertical scar into a horizontal scar. One patient underwent drainage of a hematoma 1 day after her operation, and one patient developed a hypertrophic scar. The average follow-up was 1.4 years, with the longest follow-up being 3.5 years. On a scale of 1 (very poor) to 10 (excellent), postoperative ptosis correction was rated as 8.8, breast symmetry as 8.4, postoperative upper pole fullness as 9.1, postoperative medial breast fullness as 7.8, and overall breast shape and contour as 8.6. CONCLUSIONS: Fascial suspension mastopexy is safe, simple, and versatile; does not require pectoralis major flap harvesting; and achieves an excellent suspension of breast parenchyma, creating a projected and rejuvenated breast shape with upper pole fullness and long-standing breast contour.

Fasciotomy↗
PubMed2002

Thixotropy in macroscopic suspensions of spheres.

An experimental study of the viscosity of a macroscopic suspension, i.e., a suspension for which Brownian motion can be neglected, under steady shear is presented. The suspension is prepared with a high packing fraction and is density matched in a Newtonian carrier fluid. The viscosity of the suspension depends on the shear rate and the time of shearing. It is shown that a macroscopic suspension shows thixotropic viscosity, i.e., shear thinning with a long relaxation time as a unique function of shear. The relaxation times show a systematic decrease with increasing shear rate. These relaxation times are larger when decreasing the shear rates, compared to those observed after increasing the shear. The time scales involved are about 10 000 times larger than the viscous time scale tau(visc)=a2/nu and about 1000 times smaller than the thermodynamic time scale tau(therm)=Pe/gamma. (a is the gap width of the viscometer, nu is the kinematic viscosity, Pe=6pi(eta)gamma;tau)3/(k(B)T) is the Péclet number and gamma; is the shear rate.) The structure of the suspension at the outer cylinder of a viscometer is monitored with a camera, showing the formation of a hexagonal structure. The temporal decrease of the viscosity under shear coincides with the formation of this hexagonal pattern.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1974

The Structure of Plant Cell Walls: VI. A Survey of the Walls of Suspension-cultured Monocots.

The primary cell walls of six suspension-cultured monocots and of a single suspension-cultured gymnosperm have been investigated with the following results: (a) the compositions of all six monocot cell walls are remarkably similar, despite the fact that the cell cultures were derived from diverse tissues; (b) the cell walls of suspension-cultured monocots differ substantially from those of suspension-cultured dicots and from the suspension-cultured gymnosperm; (c) an arabinoxylan is a major component (40% or more by weight) of monocot primary cell walls; (d) mixed beta-1,3; beta-1,4-glucans were found only in the cell wall preparations of rye grass endosperm cells, and not in the cell walls of any of the other five monocot cell cultures nor in the walls of suspension-cultured Douglas fir cells; (e) the monocot primary cell walls studied contain from 9 to 14% cellulose, 7 to 18% uronic acids, and 7 to 17% protein; (f) hydroxyproline accounts for less than 0.2% of the cell walls of monocots. Similar data on the soluble extracellular polysaccharides secreted by these cells are included.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Purification and properties of glucoamylase from sugar beet cells in suspension culture.

Glucoamylase and alpha-amylase are present in callus and suspension cultures of sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.) as well as in mature roots. The subcellular localization of glucoamylase differed in callus and suspension-cultured cells: in callus, glucoamylase was present together with alpha-amylase in the soluble fraction of cells, but in suspension cultures, it was present predominantly in the extracellular fraction while most of the alpha-amylase activity remained in cells. Glucoamylase activity was considerably lower in callus protoplasts relative to the activities of alpha-mannosidase and alpha-galactosidase and the suspension of callus in Murashige-Skoog liquid medium or in mannitol by brief agitation resulted in the release of glucoamylase to the medium. These findings suggest that glucoamylase in callus may be present in a soluble form in the free space in the cell wall. Both mature roots and callus contained alpha-amylase and glucoamylase in the soluble fraction. Glucoamylases in the soluble fraction of callus and in the medium of suspension cultures were purified separately to homogeneity by the same four-step purification procedure, which included fractionation with ammonium sulfate, column chromatography on carboxymethyl cellulose, gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-150, and preparative disc electrophoresis. The identity of the glucoamylases from the two sources was confirmed by a comparison of chromatographic behavior during purification, mobility during gel electrophoresis, M(r) (83,000 D by SDS PAGE), and enzymic and kinetic properties of the catalytic reaction, such as optimal pH and temperature, heat stability, and K(m) value for soluble starch. Glucoamylase from suspension cultures was one of the major proteins that were secreted into the medium. Dedifferentiation of leaves of young plants to callus was accompanied by induction of glucoamylase and repression of some alpha-amylases and the debranching enzyme.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Suspension-induced murine keratinocyte differentiation is mediated by calcium.

Modulating extracellular Ca2+ (Cao) and suspension culture are two frequently used methods to induce maturation of cultured human and mouse keratinocytes. To determine if the two methods share a common mechanism, changes in Ca2+ metabolism were studied in suspension cultures of mouse keratinocytes. Spontaneously detached and suspension- cultured keratinocytes in 0.05 microM Ca2+ medium express markers of suprabasal differentiation, while 0.05 microM Ca2+ is not permissive for marker expression by attached keratinocytes. Intracellular free Ca2+ (Cai) increased rapidly after placing keratinocytes in suspension in 0.05 microM Ca2+, reaching levels up to 3- to 4-fold higher than Cai in attached cells after 4-5 h. In suspended cells, the increase in Cai was associated with a 2- to 6- fold increase in Ca2+ transport across plasma membrane as well as depletion of intracellular Ca2+ -stores. Differentiation marker expression and terminal differentiation were inhibited in suspension-cultured keratinocytes by preventing the rise of Cai using either 1,2-bis (o-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid to chelate intracellular Ca2+ or ethyleneglycol-bis (beta-aminoethyl ether)- N,N,N',N' -tetraacetic acid to reduce Cao. Together these results indicate that a rise in CAi is a common mechanism controlling differentiation in cultured mouse keratinocytes, and suspension of keratinocytes enhances Ca2+ transport and alters intracellular Ca2+ sequestration producing a rise in Cai.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Transfusion results of filtered and subsequently stored random platelet suspensions prepared from buffy coats.

There is almost general agreement that removal of leukocytes from blood components reduces the incidence of HLA-antibody formation and refractoriness to random platelet transfusions. Recently filters have become available, which are able to reduce leukocyte contamination in platelet suspensions with acceptable platelet loss. We evaluated a cellulose acetate (CA) and a polyester (PE) filter, and stored buffy coat-derived platelet suspensions after filtration. Both filters are effective for the removal of leukocytes to levels below 5 x 10(6) per transfusate. For the CA filter, platelet recovery was 73 +/- 13% yielding 256 +/- 53 x 10(9) platelets per transfusate from 6 donors. For the PE filter, platelet recovery was 90 +/- 9% and 327 +/- 51 x 10(9) platelets per transfusate. When a loading dose of less than 5 x 10(8) leukocytes was applied, 98% of the CA-filtered suspensions and 100% of the PE-filtered suspensions contained less than 5 x 10(6) residual leucocytes. In 123 patients transfusion results of CA-filtered platelet suspensions stored for 72 h, were compared with those obtained by non-stored, non filtered, random platelet suspensions which had been leukocyte depleted by differential centrifugation. Platelet increments 1 and 20 h after transfusion showed no statistical difference between CA-filtered platelet transfusions stored for 72 h and non-stored, non-filtered platelet transfusions. In a new cohort of 117 patients, two filters and various postfiltration storage times were compared. Using both filters, the 1-hour posttransfusion increments decreased to approximately 60% after 96 h of storage compared to results of storage periods of 72 h or less.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bleeding Time↗