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Results for “Subliminal Stimulation”

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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Psychodynamic features in borderline personality disorder identified by a subliminal test, the Defense Mechanism Test.

Twenty-seven psychiatric inpatients, diagnosed according to DSM-III and the Diagnostic Interview for Borderline (DIB), and 7 healthy controls were tested with the Defense Mechanism Test (DMT), a test of subliminal perception based on psychoanalytic theory. In the test a specific stimulus is presented subliminally in a tachistoscope and the patient's perceptual distortions are registered. Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) were compared with patients with other personality disorders, patients with schizophrenic disorders and healthy controls. Specific perceptual distortions were identified among patients with BPD. Some individual DMT signs correlated with some deviant behaviors as identified by the DIB. The findings supported the psychodynamic validity of the concept of borderline personality disorder. It is concluded that DMT is a promising research instrument that provides an empirical approach to crucial psychodynamic phenomena.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Attentional bias in anxiety and depression: the role of awareness.

Attentional biases were assessed with a probe detection task in anxious (N = 17), depressed (N = 17) and normal control (N = 15) subjects. Word pairs were presented visually, with a dot probe following one word of each pair. Allocation of attention to the spatial position of the words was determined from response latencies to the probes. Half the word pairs were presented supraliminally, half subliminally. The anxious and depressed groups showed an attentional bias towards supraliminal negative words, in comparison with normal controls. The depressed group unexpectedly showed greater vigilance for supraliminal anxiety-relevant words than the anxious group. The anxious group shifted their attention towards the spatial location of negative words presented subliminally. The results support the hypothesis of an anxiety-related bias in preconscious processes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The subliminal perception of movement and the 'suppression' in binocular rivalry.

An analogy is drawn between the perceptual limitation that characterizes the dichotic listening paradigm and the 'suppression' that occurs in binocular rivalry when different stimuli are presented to the two eyes. An experiment is reported which focuses on the fate of the information residing in a suppressed eye (unattended channel) during binocular rivalry. It is demonstrated that the temporal course of rivalry is sensitive to the presence of a subliminal moving stimulus within the currently suppressed field. The effects are seen to confirm a literal interpretation of Levelt's (1966) thesis which relates changes in the 'stimulus strength' of a rivalling field to subsequent changes in the temporal course of the phenomenon. This interpretation is consistent with the hypothesis that, despite phenomenal suppression, a full analysis is undertaken on the currently non-dominant stimulus. The data are related to models of selective attention, and to the notion that there are parallel visual systems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Experimenter bias and subliminal perception.

It has been suggested that subliminal perception phenomena may be in part due to experimenter bias effects. Two studies that obtained positive evidence of subliminal perception were therefore replicated with experimenters tested under blind and not blind conditions. There was only marginal support for the subliminal perception hypothesis and, although there were fairly clear indications of diffuse experimenter effects, the evidence for the experimenter bias explanation of subliminal perception was not strong. The need for more extensive replications of subliminal perception researches is noted. It is argued that the experimenter bias hypothesis lacks detail and generality; it is essential for it to be examined in the context of theoretically substantial issues.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The effect of embedded words in a brief visual display.

In a replication and extension of an experiment by Eagle, Wolitzky & Klein (1966), subjects wrote brief stories describing an Object Relations Test card following exposure to a 7 x 7 letter matrix in which were embedded either neutral words or emotive words. Of six groups of subjects who participated, two groups were exposed to the matrices for 10 sec ('supraliminal control condition'), and the remaining four groups for 1 sec ('subliminal condition'). Independent judges were able to distinguish, to a significant degree, between the stories of subjects who were exposed to emotive words and those exposed to neutral words under the 'subliminal condition'; they could not distinguish, however, between the stories of subjects exposed for the longer duration ('supraliminal condition') to emotive and neutral words respectively. A crude content analysis yielded significantly more unpleasant words in stories from the subgroups exposed to emotive rather than neutral words, but again only under the very brief exposure condition, the difference being absent in supraliminal control groups. The relevance of these findings to previous experiments is discussed.

Association↗
PubMed1977

Experimenter bias against subliminal perception? A rejoinder.

The basis for Spence & Smith's (1977) critique of three replications of subliminal perception experiments is judged to be conjectural. The case that the replications were less sensitive to subliminal perception effects than the original experiments is evaluated and rebutted.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

The subliminal perception of movement and the course of autokinesis.

The course of autokinesis is shown to be sensitive to the real movement of a surrounding stimulus. With the supraliminal presentation of this stimulus, apparent movement in a direction opposite to that of the real movement is induced. With the subliminal presentation of the same stimulus the real movement serves to inhibit autokinesis by inducing brief periods of stationarity between the phases of upward and downward apparent movement. The results confirm previous findings that the movement of a stimulus may be discriminated without there being any perceptual (phenomenal) adjunct.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Emergence of unreported stimuli into imagery as a function of laterality of presentation: a replication and extension of research by Henley & Dixon (1974).

In Expt. 1, the research by Henley & Dixon (1974) was replicated. Two experimental groups (n=8 each) received subliminal words to the right ear and 8 min of music to the left ear or vice versa. Each group had its own control (n=8 each) with only music to one ear. Categorization and ranking of imagery reported, as well as performance on a checklist containing critical, associated, and non-related words, showed that emergence was greater with words to the right ear than with no words. There was no difference between experimental and control groups with words to the left ear. In Expt. 2, the music was eliminated, and subjects received subliminal words to the right ear (n=8) or no words. A significant difference between groups was found when the reported imagery was ranked as to emergence, and on the checklist, but not when the reports were categorized by judges.

Auditory Perception↗