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PubMed1975

Strontium-90 in deciduous teeth in Finland. A follow-up study.

Deciduous teeth of Finnish children born in 1958-1967 were analysed for strontium-90 by means of Cerenkov radiation. The strontium-90 content was about 9 pCi/gCa in children born in 1963--1964; the values decreased strongly in the subsequent cohorts of children. The strontium-90 content of the deciduous teeth varied in perfect unison with that of cow's milk (r=+0.99). The results confirm that deciduous teeth provide a practical and accurate indicator of the total body burden of bone-seeking environmental pollutants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Strontium content of deciduous teeth in northern and southern Finland.

A possible connection has been suggested between strontium and a low prevalence of dental caries. An investigation of this subject was initiated by measuring the strontium content of deciduous teeth by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in different regions in Finland. The material analysed consisted of a total of 2,482 tooth crowns and 392 tooth roots. The results showed that the Sr content of the tooth crowns in northern Finland was about two-fold that in the south, about 400 and 200 mug/gCa, respectively. The difference was apparently caused by corresponding differences in dietary strontium. The tooth roots contained much more Sr than the crowns, about 600 and 200 mug/gCa, respectively, in southern Finland, presumably owing to changes occurring in the dietary habits of the child during the development of the crowns and roots of the deciduous teeth.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1988

Palliation of multiple bone metastases from prostatic carcinoma with strontium-89.

The efficacy of strontium-89 in relieving pain caused by disseminated bone metastases was studied in 11 patients with prostatic carcinoma. The therapy consisted either of 3 i.v. injections of 100 MBq strontium-89 chloride in intervals of 4 weeks in 8 patients or 200 MBq i.v. administered on one occasion in 3 patients. The study suggests that 1-3 i.v. injections of 100 MBq strontium-89 may be a worthwhile and fairly atoxic treatment for palliation of bone pain from metastatic prostatic carcinoma.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

[Biophsical study of dental tissues under the effect of a local strontium application].

Microradiographic and electronmicroscopic observations show that topical application of concentrated strontium chloride solution on an abraded dentinal surface caused the formation in the dentine of very compact superficial layer composed of fine granules and with a high degree of radiodensity. This layer not only forms a continuous deposit on the superficial zone, but also penetrates and fills the canclicules to a certain distance. A barrier is thus created, diminishing the permeability of the dentine, which would explain the desensitization of the tooth. Electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction studies show that the fundamental mechanism of the formation of strontium deposits is an exchange with the calcium fo the dentinal tissue, and recrystallization in the form of strontium apatite.

Dental Enamel↗
PubMed2003

[Effect of strontium on bone metabolism in hemodialysis patients].

The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between the bone strontium content and bone histomorphometric parameters in bone biopsies from patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. The study was carried out in 74 illiac crest bone biopsies from patients with renal osteodystrophy from different worldwide regions (Argentina, Portugal and Spain). They were underwent to histological and histomorphometric evaluation. The bone strontium/calcium ratio was measured by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The samples were classified into groups according to histological criteria: hyperparathyroidism (HP), mixed (MX), osteomalacia (OM) and adynamic bone disease (ABD). Serum PTH and alkaline phosphatase before biopsy were available in most of the patients. No correlation was found between the different histomorphometric parameters and the Sr/Ca ratio. The one way ANOVA test showed statistical differences in the Sr/Ca ratio of the different histological forms (HP: 0.58 +/- 0.39; MX: 1.16 +/- 0.74; OM: 1.10 +/- 0.46; ABD: 0.91 +/- 0.40 microgram Sr/mg Ca; p < 0.003). The post-Hoc analysis showed differences between HP and MX. The biopsies having greater or equal values than 1.4 micrograms Sr/mg Ca showed higher levels of bone formation histomorphometric parameters and serum alkaline phosphatase (395 +/- 519 vs 1,022 +/- 989 UI/L, p < 0.05). Although it has been found that the biopsies with higher bone strontium had higher levels of osteoid tissue (characteristic of osteomalacia), the hypothesis of strontium-induced osteomalacia could not be demonstrated.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2004

[Evaluation of therapeutic effects of strontium-89 on osseous metastases of prostate cancer by bone scanning and B-AKP measurement].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of strontium-89 on osseous metastases of prostate cancer by bone scanning and bone alkaline phosphatase (B-AKP) measurement. METHODS: One week before and within 6 months after strontium-89 therapy, bone scanning and B-AKP measurement were performed in 73 patients with bone metastases of prostate cancer. 1. According to the number of osseous lesions on bone imaging, the patients were divided into Grade 0, 1, 2 and 3, and the numbers of bone lesions before and after therapy were compared by t-test. 2. Tumor to non-tumor ratios(T/NT) before and after treatment were calculated and compared. 3. Changes in B-AKP before and after therapy were compared. RESULTS: 1. Among the 73 patients, bone scanning revealed 618 bone lesions, averaging 8.6 +/- 7.4 before treatment. The number decreased to 349, averaging 3.8 +/- 6.7 after treatment, which showed a significant reduction (t = 4.079, P < 0.01). 2. After therapy, T/NT of bone lesions decreased significantly (t = 7.907, P < 0.01) from 5.36 +/- 4.67 to 3.17 +/- 2.95. 3. B-AKP decreased significantly (t = 3.349, P < 0.002) from (28.4 +/- 14.8) microgram/L to (20.9 +/- 11.7) microgram/L. 4. By bone scanning combined with B-AKP measurement, 5 false positive cases and 6 false negative cases were corrected. CONCLUSION: There is certain complementarity between bone scanning and B-AKP measurement, and they should be used in a combined way to achieve accurate evaluation of the therapeutic effects of strontium-89.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Therapeutic effects of strontium-89 against osseous metastases of lung cancer: analysis of 126 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effects of strontium-89 against osseous metastases of lung cancer. METHODS: A total of 126 patients with osseous metastases of lung cancer received strontium-89 treatment ((89)SrCl(2)) at the dose of 148 MBq given through a single intravenous injection. The analgesic effect was evaluated by the changes in the degree, frequency and scores of the pain, and the therapeutic effect assessed by observing the changes in the number and volume of osseous lesions after therapy and compared between different pathological types of lung cancer by Ka-square test. RESULTS: Within 6 months after the injection, the total pain relief rate was 70.6% (89/126), including 25 (19.8%) cases with pain vanished, suggesting significant alleviation of the pain intensity by the treatment (u=5.361, P<0.01). The frequency of pain was reduced in 78.6% (99/126) of the cases (u=4.589, P<0.01), and the average score of pain decreased significantly from 7.54+/-3.29 to 4.19+/-4.38 (t=6.865, P<0.001). The number and size of lesions decreased by more than 25% in 57 cases, showing a total efficacy rate of 45.2% (57/126). No significant difference was noted in the therapeutic effects among the 4 pathological types of lung cancer (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Strontium-89 is effective for pain relief and tumor focus confinement in osseous metastases of lung cancer. No significant difference has been found in its effect between 4 different pathological types of lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2006

[Use of strontium-89 in the analgesic treatment of cancer patients with bone metastases].

The aim of this article was to review the available literature regarding to the use of strontium-89 in the palliation of osteoblastic bone pain. The data of many researchers showed that approximately 80% of patients with pain from osteoblastic lesions resulting from prostate or breast cancer experience significant pain relief by administration of strontium-89, with only mild levels of hematotoxicity. The duration of pain relief in some cases exceeded 3-6 months. Indications for administration of strontium-89, effectiveness and duration of the treatment, side effects are reviewed in this article.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Suppression of radioactive strontium absorption by sodium alginate in animals and human subjects.

The effect of 23 sodium alginate preparations from different species of algae (Sargassum sp.) and kelp (Laminaria sp.) on reducing the absorption of strontium was studied in detail. A pilot production procedure has been established. Na alginate from S. siliquastrum was proven to be a potent agent for reducing Sr absorption, with high efficiency and virtually no toxicity. It reduced the body burden of strontium 3.3-4.2 fold in rats. Strontium absorption in human subjects was reduced by 78% (+/- 8.9) or completely suppressed the increase of serum Sr at 2 h after ingestion of stable Sr in volunteers and decrease 24 h urine Sr to similar extent. No undesirable effects on gastrointestinal function was observed nor were Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn metabolism changed, both in the animal experiments and in human. It was concluded that alginate preparations derived from Sargassum species are a suitable antidote against radiostrontium absorption on a long-term basis, when added to bread at a 6% level. In cases of emergency, an alginate syrup preparation appears to be more suitable because of its rapid action.

Alginates↗
PubMed1991

Effects of glucagon on serum calcium, magnesium and strontium levels in rats.

The pharmacological effects of glucagon (0.05 mg/kg b.wt. day) on serum calcium, magnesium and strontium levels were analyzed in order to clarify the response of divalent cations to glucagon administration and its possible relation with calcitonin release stimulation. The results show significant decreases in serum calcium and strontium levels 2 h after glucagon administration, and in daily administration the effect peaks on the 3rd day and returns to baseline values by the 9th day. In contrast, the serum magnesium increases significantly by the 3rd day of daily glucagon administration and continues to increase until the 9th day. Calcitonin administration (90 mU Medical Research Council unit)/100 g b.wt.) significantly reduces the serum calcium, strontium and magnesium levels up to the 3rd day of treatment, just when the glucagon effect is highest. Other additional mechanisms may be involved besides the calcitonin release stimulation, in the response induced in divalent cations--particularly magnesium--by the exogenous administration of glucagon.

Animals↗
PubMed1966

Studies on the inhibition of intestinal absorption of radioactive strontium. V. The effect of administration of calcium alginate.

A method of selective suppression of absorption of radioactive strontium from ingested food material is described which allows calcium to be available to the body. In the present study the effects of administering calcium alginate were determined. Studies on the relative binding of Ca and Sr by calcium alginate in vivo are also important to the investigation of calcium-strontium exchange.Samples of calcium alginate were obtained commercially or prepared from sodium salts and the binding properties with Ca(45) and Sr(89) were tested in vivo. There was a free exchange of radioactive calcium as well as of strontium with bound inactive calcium. The amount of Ca(45) retained in the gut by calcium alginate is proportionally less than Sr(89), so that the ratio Sr(89)/Ca(45) in the bone is consistently and significantly lower in treated rats. Calcium alginate acts differently from other calcium salts, although in a manner similar to sodium alginate.

Alginates↗
PubMed1966

The effect of sodium alginate on the absorption of strontium and calcium in human subjects.

The effect of sodium alginate on the gastrointestinal absorption of the tracers strontium-85 and calcium-47 was investigated in 19 human subjects. The tracers were administered orally with 100 mg. of a calcium carrier-calcium chloride. At the same time, sodium alginate was given in a commercial jelly. The sevenday per cent retentions of tracers were measured with a whole-body counter. After one month, the experiments were repeated without alginate so that each subject acted as his own control. Fifteen volunteers were given 1.5 g. of alginate, two were given 3.0 g. and two 0.3 g. 1.5 g. of alginate reduced the absorption of strontium by a factor of two with no significant effect on calcium absorption. The smaller dose of alginate (0.3 g.) appeared to have no effect on strontium or calcium absorption and the larger dose (3.0 g.) had no greater effect than the 1.5 g. dose.

Alginates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multisyringe flow injection analysis of stable and radioactive strontium in samples of environmental interest.

A multisyringe flow injection (MSFIA) method for the determination of stable and radioactive strontium, using a solid phase resin (Sr-Resin), has been developed. Strontium concentrations are determined by atomic emission spectroscopy and by a low background proportional counter. The method has been applied to different samples (water, milk and soil) of environmental interest. The LLD of the stable and radioactive Sr were 10 microg/l and 0.01 Bq, respectively. The standard deviation of the separation procedure is 2% (n=10).

Animals↗
PubMed1963

Strontium-90 content of deciduous human incisors.

The concentrations of strontium-90 in deciduous incisor teeth of children born in St. Louis between 1949 to 1957 are in accord with estimated bone levels, suggesting that human deciduous teeth are useful as an index of strontium-90 accumulation during the time the teeth are formed.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1964

STRONTIUM-90 IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS OF ARCTIC ALASKA, 1959-61.

The strontium-90 content of the biota near Cape Thompson, Alaska, was related to environmental factors. In plants, perennials with persistent aerial parts had maximum and similar concentrations of strontium-90. The content of caribou muscle varied seasonally and was highest in winter when lichens were an important caribou food.

Alaska↗
PubMed1965

RADIOACTIVE STRONTIUM: ESTIMATION OF THE AMOUNT ACCIDENTALLY INGESTED.

If radioactive strontium is accidentally ingested or inhaled, the amount absorbed may be calculated with reasonable accuracy from the amount of calcium and strontium excreted in the urine in a single day. The amount retained by the body initially may be calculated from the amount of radiostrontium excreted in the feces in the first few days.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed1964

STUDIES ON INHIBITION OF INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF RADIOACTIVE STRONTIUM. I. PREVENTION OF ABSORPTION FROM LIGATED INTESTINAL SEGMENTS.

A method is reported which permits selective suppression of absorption of radioactive strontium from ingested food material, permitting the calcium to be available to the body. Studies were carried out in vivo by injection of Sr(89) and Ca(45) in the presence of inert carrier into ligated intestinal segments in rats, and the amount of absorption was measured by standard monitoring techniques. The pattern of absorption of both ions is very similar but the rate of absorption is different. It was found that the polyelectrolyte, sodium alginate, obtained from brown algae (Phaeophyceae), injected simultaneously with radiostrontium effectively reduces the absortion of Sr(89) from all segments of the intestine by as much as 50-80% of the control values. No significant reduction in absorption of Ca(45) was observed in equivalent concentrations. The reduction in blood levels of Sr(89) and in bone uptake corresponded to the absorption pattern. The difference in the effect on strontium and calcium absorption may be due to differences in the binding capacity of sodium alginate from the two metal ions under the conditions present in vivo.

Absorption↗