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PubMedDate not supplied

[Steroid saponins from the rhizomes of Dioscorea caucasica Lipsky].

Deltonin or diosgenin-3-0-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1----2)-[beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-]-beta-D-glucopyranoside, m. p. 282 degrees, [alpha] 20(546): -96.4 degrees (c 1, pyridine) and a new oligospirostanoside beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----3'' Glcp)-deltonin, m. p. 242-243 degrees, [alpha]20(546): -63.7 degrees (c 1, pyridine) were isolated from rhizomes of Dioscorea caucasica.

Plants, Medicinal↗
PubMed1984

Steroidal glycosides of Tamus communis.

From the rhizomes of T. Communis two steroidal glycosides were isolated and identified as dioscin [diosgenin bis-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1----2 and 1----4) -beta-D-glucopyranoside] and gracillin [diosgenin-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1----2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1----3)-beta-D-glucopyranoside] by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, MS (FAB) and chemical evidences. It is interesting to note that this is the first report of the occurrence of dioscin and gracillin in the rhizomes of T. communis.

Diosgenin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Action of the steroid glycoside deltonin on the bacterial membranes of Micrococcus lysodeikticus].

A slight detergent-like effect of steroid glycoside deltonine from Dioscorea deltoidea on the bacterial membranes of Micrococcus lysodeikticus was detected which resulted in the breaking of the osmotic barrier of protoplasts and in the loss from the membranes of small fragments containing the dehydrogenases of the respiratory chain but without cytochromes. These small fragments still retained the membrane structure.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1976

Spina bifida, exencephaly, and cranial bleb produced in hamsters by the solanum alkaloid solasodine.

Solasodine, one of the spirosolone structured solanum alkaloids, was gavaged to hamsters at 1184 - 1628 mg/kg once on the 7th or 8th day of gestation. About one-third of all litters from surviving, pregnant dams had one or more deformed offspring. There were 50 abnormals among 727 offspring from 84 dams at sacrifice. Abnormalities included 9 spina bifida, 13 major exencephaly, 25 cranial bleb, 2 hare lip, and 1 anophthalmic types. There were 5 abnormals among 1948 total offspring from 192 control dams. Malformation incidence in controls was 1/10 that in solasodine-gavaged animals. Solasodine gavage also resulted in a large increase in resorptions. Spina bifidas had a protuberance of the skin and other soft tissue in the dorsal mid-line of the lumbosacral region of the fetus. Exencephalics had a prominent dorsocranial defect that fully exposed the brain. Cranial blebs consisted of a soft protuberance of the skin in the mid-line of the interparietal region. The solasodine analogs tomatidine and diosgenin were not teratogenic at dose levels twice as high as the teratogenic dose of solasodine.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A multiwell assay for inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and the identification of natural product inhibitors.

A convenient and reliable multisample assay for the screening of inhibitors of the growth factor signalling enzyme phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PtdIns-3-K) has been developed. Four natural product inhibitors of Ptdlns-3-K have been identified with IC50 values for hypericin 0.18 microM, emodin 3.3 microM, asperuloside 2.0 microM and uttronin A 1.1 microM.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Studies on the active constituents of the Chinese traditional medicine Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce].

From the ethanol extract of the Chinese traditional medicine, rhizomes of Polygonatum odoratum, a new steroidal saponin POD-II together with beta-sitosterol and its glucoside, and three known saponins were isolated. On the basis of chemical evidence and spectral analysis (UV, IR, EI-MS, 1HNMR and 13CNMR), the structure of POD-II was elucidated as 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-galactopyranosyl-25(R)-spirost-5-en-3 beta,14 alpha-diol. Preliminary pharmacological tests showed that POD-II could induce the colony stimulating factor (CSF) in mouse serum; and POD-III, at the concentration of 0.1 microgram.ml-1 was shown to synergize the suboptimal and optimal concentration of Con A and lipopolysaccharide to stimulate lymphocytes proliferation.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Callose synthesis in spirostanol treated carrot cells is not triggered by cytosolic calcium, cytosolic pH or membrane potential changes.

Carrot (Daucus carota L.) cell suspensions were treated with a spirostanol saponin from Yucca. This saponin is an elicitor of callose synthesis. Irrespectively of the mode of action of spirostanol on the callose synthase activity itself, the spirostanol-induced callose synthesis in carrot is not preceded by changes in membrane potential, cytosolic free calcium or cytosolic pH. The inability of modulators of cytosolic free calcium content (verapamil, nifedipine and Br-A23187), EGTA and a proton pump inhibitor (vandate) to inhibit or induce callose formation is consistent with a calcium- and pH-independent mechanism for callose deposition.

Calcium↗
PubMed1976

The effect of solasodine on the body temperature.

The action of solasodine, the steroid-structure alcaloid of Solanum laciniatum Ait., was studied on normal and pyretic body temperature of rats and mice. In rats a single dosage of 3 mg/kg depressed by an average of --1.5+/-0.3 degrees C the normal temperature for 24 h. With larger dosages or longer treatment the effect could not be intensified and tolerance was also not observed. In mice the temperature decrease was even more explicit, --2.0+/-0.2 degrees C lasting 48 h. The effect was reproducible by repeated treatment. In mice fever provoked by a suspension of killed bacteria, Pyrago¿, or by 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) could be counteracted with 1 mmole/kg solasodine. Body temperature depressed with solasodine was not raised by Pyrago but became higher after administration of DNP, in part of the animals even comparable to normal initial averages. Following solasodine treatment the body temperature of normothermic rats and mice decreased to subnormal values. Pyrexia produced either with centrally acting Pyrago or with the peripherally acting DNP was depressed with small solasodine dosages. Previous administration of the alcaloid counteracted Pyrago effect but could not inhibit the development of DNP action. These data are pertaining to the possible central effect of solasodine.

Alkaloids↗