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Results for “Spatial Behavior”

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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Effects of temperature and social interactions on huddling behavior in Mus musculus.

Huddling behavior in grouped house mice (Mus musculus) was observed at two ambient temperatures, and in groups containing one or both sexes. Increased huddling was observed in all sex combinations at the lower ambient temperature. The differences observed between groups varied with temperature: in general, male mice were more likely to alter their behavior in response to temperature and social situation, while the behavior of females was more consistent. The results are discussed in relation to the competing effects of thermoregulatory demand and Darwinian fitness.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Waiting for a crowd: the behavioral and perceptual effects of anticipated crowding.

An experiment was conducted in which subjects were convinced that crowding was imminent. It was hypothesized that the arousal of expectations of crowding would cause subjects to behave in ways suggesting that they were preparing for the experience of crowding by taking steps to reduce the impact of crowding before its onset. Similarly, it was predicted that anticipation of crowding would influence subject perceptions of the experimental room, interpersonal affect, and general levels of discomfort. Data collected indicated that these predictions were accurate; subjects anticipating crowding chose more socially isolated seat positions, avoided contact with others, experienced crowding and discomfort, and rated others in the setting as well as the room in ways generally consistent with definitions of crowding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Grouping of runners during marathon competition.

Marathon runners tend to form clusters during competition, possibly as a means of improving their performance. Studies of international competitors in Fukuoka and Tokyo races have shown a density of 0.44 to 0.80 runners.m2 among those maintaining a pace of 4.8-5.6 m.s-1, clustering being most marked among elite performers. Some 95% of clustered runners maintained a minimum distance of 0.5-1.5 m from other competitors; moreover, such competitors avoided occupying an angle of +/- 15 degrees either before or behind other runners. The phenomenon merits closer study by those interested in the bettering of marathon performance.

Competitive Behavior↗
PubMed1980

The structure of social space among a captive group of vervet monkeys.

Proximity data collected during a 34-month longitudinal study of captive vervets are used to generate a quantitative, predictive model consistent with age, gender, kinship, and dominance status variables. Differential ontogenetic patterns of uterine and non-uterine passive contact and nearness are described for males and females, illustrating decreased distance with age in females and increased disperson for males. Proximal relationships are structured by kinship, although not uniformly across genders and age ranges. Higher-ranking kin-groups appear more cohesive, based on uterine contact and nearness, while non-uterine proximity is not significantly differentiated on the basis of matrilineal dominance.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Laboratory observations of aggregative behavior of garter snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis.

A laboratory model of garter snake aggregation behavior is described. Snakes tested in groups of eight established preferred shelter locations and reliably returned to these locations as a group or as individuals when the test aquaria were left undisturbed between trials. When the aquaria were cleaned and the contents were replaced on each trial, preferred shelter locations were not established over trials; however, the snakes were found under shelters in large aggregates more frequently than would be expected by chance. It appears that the snakes deposit cues in the apparatus that are subsequently used to return to preferred locations. Manipulations of various objects in the test arena strongly indicated that the relevant cues are deposited on the paper underlying the preferred shelter.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

The 69 bp circadian regulatory sequence (CRS) mediates per-like developmental, spatial, and circadian expression and behavioral rescue in Drosophila.

The period (per) gene is an essential component of the circadian timekeeping mechanism in Drosophila. This gene is expressed in a circadian manner, giving rise to a protein that feeds-back to regulate its own transcription. A 69 bp clock regulatory sequence (CRS) has been identified previously upstream of the period gene. The CRS confers wild-type mRNA cycling when used to drive a lacZ reporter gene in transgenic flies. To determine whether the CRS also mediates proper developmental and spatial expression and behavioral rescue, we used the CRS to drive either lacZ or per in transgenic flies. The results show that the CRS is able to activate expression in pacemaker neuron precursors in larvae and essentially all tissues that normally express per in pupae and adults. The CRS is sufficient to rescue circadian feedback loop function and behavioral rhythms in per01 flies. However, the period of locomotor activity rhythms shortens if a stronger basal promoter is used. This study shows that regulatory elements sufficient for clock-dependent and tissue-specific per expression in larvae, pupae, and adults are present in the CRS and that the period of adult locomotor activity rhythms is dependent, in part, on the overall level of per transcripts.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The social behavior of a marmoset (Saguinus fuscicollis) group III. Spatial analysis of social structure.

The social behavior, and particularly the spacing patterns, of a marmoset (Saguinus fuscicollis) group in a semi-naturalistic enclosure were observed for 14 months. Data analysis revealed various changes as the group grew in size from four to eventually six members. Weekly mean distances between the adult pair supported a spatial measure for estrus for the female. Group dispersion, mean squared distance between all possible pairs, seemed to vary with the age composition of the group. Factor analysis of location correlation matrices by 4-week blocks resulted in age-related subgroupings. Each of the adult pair formed an independent subgroup except for behavioral estrus and early infant care periods when they formed one subgroup. The offspring, initially attached to the adults, gradually moved into juvenile/subadult subgroups. Increasing spatial independence was shown as an animal approached adulthood at 24 months of age.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Thymectomy-induced deterioration of learning and memory in mice.

Male ddY mice were thymectomized 4 weeks after birth. Learning behaviors, tested in passive and active avoidance performances and in a spatial memory task, were significantly impaired in thymectomized mice at 10 months after thymectomy, in addition to the reduced immune response. Contents of hypothalamic norepinephrine and hypothalamic choline acetyltransferase activity were significantly increased in thymectomized mice. These results suggested that thymectomy at young adult life in mice not only impaired the immune response, but also deteriorated the learning and memory ability.

Animals↗